1、 1 White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies Jointly released by:White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 2 Authors AsiaInfo Technologies Institute for AI Industry Research,Tsinghua University China Telecom Research Institute China Mobile Information Technology Center China Unicom Software Research Institute Chi

2、na Broadcasting Network Mobile Network Co.,Ltd.Intel(China)Co.,Ltd.Cite This White Paper White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies,Ye Ouyang,Yaqin Zhang,Peng Wang,Yunxin Liu,Wen Qiao,Jun Zhu,Yang Liu,Feng Zhang,Shuling Wang,et al.July 2023.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 3 Contents I.Preface.7 II.Evolut

3、ion of CSP Business and BSS.11 2.1 BSS Characteristics in Communication Generation.11 2.2 Conclusion of BSS Evolution.20 III.6G Business Support Model.21 3.1 New BSS Requirements of 6G Typical Scenarios.22 3.2 Reference Framework of BSS.25 3.2.1 Business Support Framework from Telecommunication Orga

4、nizations.25 3.2.2 Business Support Reference from Internet Industry.29 3.2.3 BSS Evolution and Planning of Operators.33 3.3 6G Domain-based Business Support Model for Digital Innovation.35 IV.Overall Vision of 6G BSS.40 V.6G BSS Potential Technologies.44 5.1 6G BSS Technical Framework.46 5.2 6G BSS

5、 Key Technologies.48 5.2.1 Total Experience Upgrade Based on Intelligent Customer Avatars.48 5.2.2 Upgrade of Interaction Methods Based on Intention Perception.49 5.2.3 Visual Operation Based on Intelligent Digital Twins.50 5.2.4 Automated Operations Based on Self-adaptive AI.52 5.2.5 Distributed Ap

6、plication Based on Cloud-edge-terminal Integration.52 5.2.6 Native Network Security Based on Blockchain Trusted Identity Authentication.53 5.2.7 Minimalist Development Based on Super Automation and Platform Engineering.54 5.2.8 Automatic Operation&Maintenance Based on Digital Immune System.56 5.2.9

7、Data Capitalization Based on Data Fabric.57 5.2.10 Maximizing Data Value Based on Privacy Computing.60 5.2.11 PaaS Capability Evolution Based on Sustainable Cloud Computing Model.62 5.2.12 Cloudified Architecture Based on High Performance Computing.64 White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 4 5.2.13 Inte

8、lligent Ubiquitous Scheduling of Computing Power Based on Different Hardware Platforms.67 VI.6G BSS Potential Architecture Evolution.69 6.1 6G BSS Design Methodology.69 6.2 6G BSS Architecture Overview.72 VII.6G BSS Engineering Principles and Recommendations.78 7.1 5G BSS Architecture and Extensibil

9、ity.79 7.2 Recommendations for Evolution towards 6G BSS.80 7.2.1 Business-driven Gradual Evolution.81 7.2.2 Evolution Based on Open Architecture.81 7.2.3 Full Migration to Public Cloud/on-Premise Cloud.81 7.2.4 Native Network Security System.82 7.2.5 Independent Evolution of Interaction Layer.83 7.2

10、.6 Synchronization of Business,Data and Intelligence.83 7.2.7 Rapidly Empower Enterprise Customer through Ecosystem.84 VIII.Summary and Prospect.85 Bibliography.87 White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 5 List of Figures Figure 2-1 Intergenerational Characteristics of BSS of Operators.11 Figure 3-1 Busi

11、ness Model of Communication Operators.21 Figure 3-2 eTOM Model of TM Forum.28 Figure 3-3 ODA Functional Architecture of TM Forum.28 Figure 3-4 Business Model for Web3.0.31 Figure 3-5 4C Model of Communication Business.32 Figure 4-1 BSS Vision for 6G.40 Figure 5-1 Potential Key Technologies of 6G BSS

12、.44 Figure 5-2 6G BSS Technical Framework.46 Figure 5-3 Decentralized Identity Solution Based on Blockchain.54 Figure 5-4 Platform Engineering Technology.56 Figure 5-5 Digital Immune System Technology.57 Figure 5-6 Data Fabric Technology.59 Figure 5-7 Schematic Diagram of Secure Multi-party Computin

13、g.61 Figure 5-8 Schematic Diagram of Federated Learning.62 Figure 6-1 PDCA Operation Management Model.70 Figure 6-2 6G BSS Reference Architecture.76 Figure 7-1 Status of 5G BSS Five-tier Architecture.79 White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 6 List of Tables Table 3-1 Operator Business Model for the 6G

14、Era.38 White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 7 I.Preface With the evolution of communication technology from 1G to 5G,operators have also experienced changes from the era of telecom services to consumer Internet and then industrial Internet.The diversification and specialization of the information and

15、commu-nication business offer operators new avenues of development.As the digital economy gains momentum in boosting global economic growth,traditional CSP(communication service provider)operators are prioritizing integrated development of ICT(Information and Communication Technology)infrastructure

16、and business,upgrading cloud network infrastructure,creating a new business model of cloud-network integration,and actively promoting the digital and intelligent transformation of the whole industry to empower the development of global digital economy 1.In the 1990s,the commercialization of the Inte

17、rnet began a new era of digital economy,known as Web1.0,characterized by the“Internet of information”and personal comput-ers.1G/2G digital technologies just began to replace analog technology to provide voice communication,and mobile communication and the Internet were completely independ-ent from e

18、ach other.In 2004,the Web2.0 era,or the era of“interactive Internet”began,allowing users to not only consume information,but publish their own content on the Internet.The 3G/4G mobile communication technologies enabled the public to share text and pictures through smart mobile terminals,leading to t

19、he rise of mobile Internet with better experience and bringing great commercial benefits to operators.This ultimately led to the consumer Internet which constitutes the foundation of digital economy.With 5G commercialization,operators are accelerating their transformation into digital ser-vice opera

20、tors,hoping to seize the opportunities brought by digital economy as builders of digital infrastructure and enablers of industrial digital and intelligent transformation.According to G20 Digital Economy Development and Cooperation Initiative adopted by G20 leaders at the G20 Summit in September 2016

21、,the digital economy refers to a broad range of economic activities that use digitized information and knowledge as the key factor of production,modern information networks as the important activity space,and information and communication technology as an important driver for efficiency-en-hancing a

22、nd economic structural optimization2.On September 4,2019,the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD)released its first Digital Economy Report,stating that an entirely new“data value chain”has evolved,and White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 8 businesses that build digital platforms

23、have a major advantage in the data-driven economy 3.With the advantages of the Internet of Everything in the 5G network,oper-ators are promoting cloud-network collaboration and computing and network conver-gence,while establishing computing-aware networks based on their cloud-network in-frastructure

24、 resources.The operators will also promote the digital upgrading of thou-sands of industries through a strong government&enterprise customer base and the ever-increasing integrated solution capability,which will create a medium-and long-term expansion engine for operators and lay the foundation for

25、the sustainable and high-quality business development.In addition,the combination of 5G and artificial intelli-gence(AI)has been regarded by the industry as the latest generation of general purpose technologies,which will boost productivity and empower vertical industries,and accel-erate the develop

26、ment of AI in the communication ecology domain over the next decade 4.In the evolution from 5G to 6G,the development of Internet and IT(Information Tech-nology)provides strong support for the informatization of 6G-oriented CT(Communi-cation Technology).Based on this,DOICT(Data,Operation,Information

27、and commu-nication technologies)convergence will be the core of digital technology innovation in the future and the evolution direction of digital information infrastructure.Web3.0 pro-posed in 2014,which represents the next generation of a decentralized Internet,aims to realize“those who create wil

28、l own”through decentralized technologies such as block-chain so as to break up the current monopoly of Internet companies and reshape the Internet value chain.Users own the content and data they created,and the value gener-ated thereof can also be distributed as per the agreement between the platfor

29、m and users.Therefore,Web3.0 is also called the“Internet of Value”5.The metaverse based on Web3.0 is a virtual world that is linked and created by means of technology,mapped and interacted with the real world,and a digital living space with a new social system.It can be said that it is a new type of

30、 Internet application and social form that integrates multiple new technologies.In the ideal metaverse,the digital world will be as important as the real world.Inside the metaverse,users can enter the digital world at any time by utilizing digital avatars and confirming their identity through the us

31、e of Internet tokens,and they also have more extensive control over their personal data.Although communication op-erators have established their position in the digital economy by developing 4G and 5G networks in the Web2.0 era,and won corresponding opportunities in consumer business White Paper on

32、6G BSS Technologies 9 and enterprise-level business respectively,they are plagued by bottlenecks in the tradi-tional consumer business and diversified demands of enterprise-level business,which cannot be settled by a single communication technology in a closed loop.In this context,communication oper

33、ators hope to develop 6G network technology that is more efficient,cost-effective,and can support novel business models.This is in response to consumers constant demand for better experience,the vertical industrys need for high-quality and flexible radio networks,and the vision of innovative develop

34、ment through Web3.0 busi-ness model.The metaverse has huge demands for computing and network resources.The massive real-time information interaction and immersive experience of the metaverse on the infrastructure need to be based on the continuous improvement of communication technology and computin

35、g power.As the main provider of computing and network ser-vices,operators can undoubtedly enhance the perceptual and intelligent capacities of 6G networks to effectively connect computing power services to support new application,and establish a crucial position in the metaverse by taking the initia

36、tive to become service providers of metaverse infrastructure 6.In addition,in the 6G era,operators need to further integrate the relevant DOICT to realize the business support capability of com-puting and network convergence,and develop diversified value-added business through“connection+computing p

37、ower+capability”based on their profound network technol-ogy and operation technology,so as to better meet the development of next-generation Internet applications.To sum up,in developing 6G networks and continuously transforming into digital ser-vice providers,communication operators also pay attent

38、ion to new business models brought about by the development of the next-generation Internet and IT while focusing on the intergenerational research of communication technology.They should also up-grade from“network-centric”to“business and service centric”and“customer-centric”according to the basic l

39、aws of digital economy.The upgrade of IT support system,which carries business development and operation,will also be an important part of its own transformation.The traditional IT support system of operators includes three subsystems:business support system(BSS),operation support system(OSS)and man

40、agement sup-port system(MSS),which are interrelated and bear different responsibilities.However,with the improvement of 6G network capability,the market demand is more extensive and the competition is more intense,which requires to further strengthen BSS and OSS White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 10

41、 integration regarding basic 6G computing and network services,to improve the opera-tional efficiency and benefits of customers by vertically connecting the digital intelli-gence support capabilities on both sides of supply and demand,and to further integrate BSS and MSS so as to horizontally connec

42、t the whole business process from strategy to implementation and realize business innovation.This White Paper will focus on business requirements of operators in the 6G era,as well as how they evolve and upgrade their digital BSS to realize sustainable business inno-vation.White Paper on 6G BSS Tech

43、nologies 11 II.Evolution of CSP Business and BSS BSS refers to a CSP business supporting system,which usually consists of a set of soft-ware and hardware components that support the operation,management and mainte-nance activities of telecom service providers and provide customer-oriented services 7

44、,8.The main modules of BSS include customer management,order management,product management,tariff management,expense management,etc.,which can help operators automate and optimize business processes,improve business efficiency and customer service quality,and reduce operation costs and risks.In the

45、digital economy era,opera-tors have been integrating Internet-related technologies with the development of com-munication technology to expand their business domain and promote the synchronous evolution of BSS,as shown in Figure 2-1.Due to the intergenerational upgrade of the communication technolog

46、y,the main business of operators in the same period gradually moves from communication service to digital service oriented to Internet of Everything.BSS has also evolved into the cloudified architecture,thus more effectively supporting the business expansion and innovation of operators.Figure 2-1 In

47、tergenerational Characteristics of BSS of Operators 2.1 BSS Characteristics in Communication Generation 1G BSS:Monolithic architecture In 1973,Motorola developed the first simulated handheld terminal,marking the begin-ning of mobile communication business which later expanded to Japan,Europe,the Uni

48、ted States and China successively 9.In the 1G era,devices and networks at their White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 12 primary stage of development had limited capacities and could only support voice com-munication.Devices and handheld terminals were too expensive to be widely used for civilian purpo

49、se.Therefore,the business system mainly provided support for phone numbers based on voice business,including basic functions such as number management,number selection,monthly billing,opening of selected number,number billing and fee collection.The 1st generation BSS back then was still in the initi

50、al phase in terms of capability support,so the single server solution was enough to meet the demand.At that time,the computer system was not advanced,and the application systems were all independent of each other,with no layered service or modern databases and Web servers.Application codes were usua

51、lly written in C,Fortran,COBOL,dBASE(and compatible products),compiled into single executable files,or run by script loading.2G BSS:Three-tier architecture and monolithic service In 1982,the GSM specifications were formulated for mobile communication,and the 2G era began.After the 1G GSM commerciali

52、zation,and the inter-generational devel-opment of 2.5G GPRS and 2.75G EDGE,the digitization and informatization of com-munication technology and the large-scale chip integration technology addressed the problems of expensive device,roaming and insufficient spectrum.Mobile communica-tion became popul

53、ar among people with a wider range of business available,such as short messages and simple Internet.Telecommunication Management Forum(TM Forum),established in 1988,is a world-wide organization that provides strategic suggestions and implementation plans for tel-ecommunications operation and managem

54、ent.It has been focusing on the technical sys-tem and operational efficiency of BSS and the revenue capability of operators for many years.TM Forum put forward the Telecom Operations Map(TOM)model of BSS in the mid-1990s,which covers business processes such as customer relationship management,order

55、management,product management,tariff management and expense management 10.The 2G BSS helped operators realize business process optimization and automation by reference to the business flow chart and related standards in TOM.This generation of BSS was still positioned to meet the management needs of

56、operators themselves,but has begun to seek breakthroughs and innovations in customer service experience.Entering the 2G era,mobile communication business thrived,offering more White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 13 sophisticated business support functions such as SMS,paging,MMS and simple Internet ac

57、cess.The functional design of BSS has the following characteristics:BSS began to split into business,billing and customer service subsystems,in which the business system was responsible for completing the sales,changes and payment of mobile phones,numbers and services,the billing system was responsi

58、ble for completing the data collection,measurement,pricing and billing,and the customer service system was responsible for supporting customer service by separating the traffic from the system.A new cooperation paradigm was introduced.In the 2G era,partners began to join the service,but it was mainl

59、y value-added service provided based on language and short messages,and BSS mainly provided settlement for value-added service providers.A user-centered customer-user-account model 11 was initiated in terms of system design.With the prosperity of business,there were a surge of users,and the characte

60、rization of users attributes in various dimensions was getting more complex,such as the merging relationship between users and customers and the expression of payment relationship of accounts.Therefore,telecom operators put forward a customer-user-account model to adapt to the complicated payment sc

61、enarios and the merging management of users according to customers at that time.In terms of technical support,BSS has the following characteristics:Three-tier architecture:In the 2G era,the design philosophy of“high cohesion,low coupling”in software architecture emerged,aiming to establish a clear d

62、ivision of labor,promote reuse of functions and clarify business logic,so as to speed up development,improve development efficiency and facilitate maintenance.For this reason,the communication business support system began to adopt the three-tier application architecture presentation layer(UI),busin

63、ess logic layer(BLL)and data access layer(DAL),accessible to each other through interfaces,which greatly promoted the business system standards and laid a foundation for large-scale development of the system,as well as a good foundation for the further differentiation of the subsequent White Paper o

64、n 6G BSS Technologies 14 technical architecture and the formation of standard components.Personal computers appeared in this period,and the launch of desktop systems such as windows/xwindows provided physical and technical support for the rapid development of BSS.Business-level siloed application:In

65、 the 2G era,no systematic business operation support theory was formed in the communication field.In the face of rapid business development,the iteration speed of business system was obviously lagging behind.During the business development,the business operation support system was divided into busin

66、ess,billing,customer service and other systems,each of which was based on a three-tier architecture system,and a separate C/S version was established through a middleware system.The data,services and interfaces were independent of each other,and interface communication was adopted between systems 12

67、.3G BSS:Service convergence The 3G network integrated radio communication with Internet and other multimedia communication technologies,enabling the provision of voice and high-speed data ser-vices simultaneously on a global scale.During this era,smart phones became increas-ingly prevalent,and infor

68、mation services and multimedia services emerged one after another,such as browsing web pages on mobile devices,sending and receiving emails,making video calls and watching live streams.Various Apps have been constantly up-dated and iterated,and the multimedia era has arrived.In order to respond to t

69、he market in time and effectively organize resources to form products/services,communication op-erators began to provide converged services.The business system quickly configured the combination of different products and tariffs to form new products so as to meet the flexible changes of market strat

70、egies.In this context,the product-commodity model evolved,including product specifications,attribute specifications,attribute values,com-modity specifications,tariff specifications,among others.Product specifications and commodity specifications can include different attribute specifications and be

71、config-ured with different attribute values.Commodities may incorporate different products,as well as different tariff specifications as their components.The product-commodity model is the core of the business operation system.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 15 With the development of the telecom

72、 industry and advancement in technology,TOM framework has gradually shown weaknesses,e.g.its limited management scope and dif-ficulty in supporting emerging technologies.Therefore,TM Forum put forward the eTOM(enhanced Telecom Operations Map)framework in 2001 as an improved and up-graded version of

73、the TOM framework.The eTOM framework is designed to be more comprehensive,flexible and modern,extending and updating the TOM framework.The eTOM framework covers all business activities of telecom operators,including customer management,business development,operation management,resource management,qu

74、ality management,among others,and it can support various traditional and emerging technologies.With the TOM framework as the predecessor and basis,the eTOM framework is the evolution and upgrade of the TOM framework,providing more best practices and stand-ardized business processes.The eTOM framewor

75、k has become an international standard of telecom service management,and has been widely used in the management practice of telecom operators.Thanks to the eTOM framework,the 3G BSS can provide telecom operators with more comprehensive and in-depth business process management and op-timization.At th

76、is phase,with the increasing competition in the communication market,operators began to turn to customer-centric,committed to providing customers with better pre-sale,sale and after-sale services.In addition,in terms of cooperation paradigm,BSS began to provide comprehensive management of upstream a

77、nd downstream partners,including partner life cycle management,partner product management,partner settlement man-agement,etc.At this phase,the design of BSS has the following characteristics:More comprehensive functional coverage:Supporting voice,SMS,MMS,data and other services,and providing managem

78、ent of marketing,channels,customers,customer service,orders,products/commodities,convergent billing,resources and partners.Customer-centric:Although a customer-user-account model was established in the 2G era,the business was centered on commodities.In the 3G era,due to the intensified competition,i

79、t is necessary to adjust the market strategy in real time according to the market situation and competitors strategies to complete White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 16 various combined commodities,and the marketing business model has changed from commodity-centered to“customer-centric”,driven by th

80、e need to meet customers demands.Technically,the multi-tier architecture was introduced to support the system design re-form of BSS:In the 3G era,the application framework shifted from CS to BS,accom-panied by the transition from Web1.0 to Web2.0.This led to the emergence of MVC application architec

81、ture,in which M stands for model,V stands for view,and C stands for control.With business segmented and services being reused,control,model and view layers are subdivided into more layers,and RPC and Restful API open technologies were developed alongside MVC.4G BSS:SOA,flow management and digital bu

82、siness With the enhancement of 4G support,more business potentials have been released,in-cluding mobile payment,App store,mobile Internet,DiDi ride-hailing service,Meituan Takeaway,mobile e-commerce,etc.Various new businesses have mushroomed,chang-ing peoples lives completely by offering a more inte

83、lligent lifestyle.At this phase,operators have shifted from providing customer communication and net-work connection services to meeting customers comprehensive information service needs.In order to better seize the booming development opportunities of mobile Internet and cope with the challenge of

84、the rising OTT vendors,operators have begun to cooper-ate with mainstream Internet service providers in depth.Therefore,BSS has higher re-quirements in supporting the openness and automation of value chain cooperation.At this phase,the functional design of BSS has the following characteristics:Flow

85、management capability is introduced:It serves as the key to adapt to the development law of mobile Internet,grasp the development opportunity of mobile Internet and change the operators role as“plumber”in the Internet era.Flow management has promoted the transformation of operators to information se

86、rvice providers and fundamentally reshaped the value creation approach of telecom operators.Digital business innovation:In the digital age where data has become a valuable asset,its natural for the operators to extend their business via datalization,i.e.,using the collected data for the business or

87、the product itself.It includes two levels,data intelligence and data innovation.As for the data White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 17 intelligence,big data technology is used to enhance product experience,such as recommending system and credit rating.As for the data innovation,the accumulated data i

88、s mainly used to develop new business.The essence of digital business is the productization,commercialization and valuation of data.New three-party model 13:With the monetization of ebb tide services,service owners provide services for service users by using their own surplus service value,and more

89、services can be monetized by service users paying directly or through third party payment service.The three-party relationship involved in this monetization is different from the previous customer-user-account model in the 2G era,forming a new three-party model relationship,that is,the many-to-many

90、relationship among the owner,the user and the payer.Among them,the owner can own the products of multiple operators,and these products can be used by users different from the owner.The bills from different owners can be paid by the users themselves or through different payers,and users can even pay

91、part of the bills from different owners through different payers,thus forming a very complicated and flexible many-to-many relationship.Technically,BSS has introduced the current new computer application development mode,presenting the following characteristics:SOA architecture:In order to support a

92、 large number of innovative services in the 4G era,BSS has adopted the SOA architecture,and introduced technologies such as enterprise service bus(ESB),microservice centralization,and business middle platform.The essence of the SOA is to improve service reuse,realize flexible and standardized manage

93、ment and rapid self-adaptive elastic scalability,accelerate rapid business iteration and meet market demand quickly.Building a big data center:Mobile Internet services have brought massive unstructured data to operators,including behavior data,access data,etc.In order to release the data value,explo

94、re business opportunities,discover users consumption habits,and reasonably recommend more services,operators have introduced big data centers,and then concentrated on analysis and processing according to business needs.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 18 5G BSS:Service cloudification and value net

95、work In the 5G era,the communication network infrastructure is moving away from special-ized hardware platform towards the widespread adoption of basic hardware architectures such as x86,ARM and others.The commercialization of the 5G network technology has further enriched the application scenarios,

96、creating application foundations including in-dustrial Internet,autonomous driving,AR/VR,metaverse and so on.At this phase,while fully meeting the needs of individual customers,operators began to focus on the infor-mation service demands of government/enterprise customers.In addition,from the per-sp

97、ective of cooperation paradigm,the partners at this phase are more diverse,including vertical industry partners,various ISPs,etc.Therefore,BSS business has also changed from supporting the cooperation paradigm centered on operators to supporting the oper-ation partner network paradigm.At this phase,

98、the functional design of BSS has the following characteristics:Government-enterprise model and SKU model:In order to better support the 2B services,BSS began to strengthen the government-enterprise model.In addition,due to the highly integrated and mixed characteristics of Internet-based and telecom

99、-based commodities,telecom operators have also added SKU-related models(including related complete sets of models,such as SPU)to BSS to track inventory and determine the sales price and inventory level of the goods.Strengthening the marketing and service of government&enterprise customers:There are

100、a large number of ToB-oriented services in the 5G era,and indicators such as latency,bandwidth,connections and reliability are more personalized.Therefore,starting with the industry user business,the 5G era features the focus on industry user ecology and promotes BSS innovation.Emphasizing the appli

101、cation of small-fast-flexible innovation:5G has solved various network reliability problems for industry users,and has actually built scenario ecologies for users through combination with matured cloud technology and the emerging edge cloud.In these scenario ecologies,many mature Internet and mobile

102、 Internet capabilities and services have been or will be integrated,so in order to meet the urgent needs of industry users,developers White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 19 can use these scenario ecologies to quickly build industry application capabilities.Value network 14:Value network is the expans

103、ion and promotion of the value chain.The value network is to reconstruct the original value chain around the customer value,and it is a network of connections and exchanges of multiple value chains in multiple links through the interaction between different levels and different subjects in the netwo

104、rk.The network formed by these relationships will generate network effects,and individuals or organizations at each network node can create or gain more value from this aggregation.The functional design of the 5G BSS has taken the support for the value network into consideration,and has made various

105、 explorations in maintaining the customer ecology.The technical system of cloud computing has been incorporated into the system archi-tecture of BSS,specifically including:Business cloudification:Including two characteristics,i.e.cloud-edge integration and cloud native.In order to address the timeli

106、ness and security of the 5G industrial control,cloud services have evolved into cloud and edge cloud,and in order to meet businesses demand for elasticity and flexibility,a large number of cloud native technologies such as Docker technology and K8s dynamic scalability are introduced.Full intelligenc

107、e injection:Cloud networks convergence and scenario ecology in the 5G era result in a very complicated system from the perspectives of technology,business,operation and management.From the perspective of underlying technical support,the assistance of AI is needed in addressing numerous challenges,su

108、ch as how to quickly locate and deal with system fault(if any),how to allocate numerous resources according to the needs of industry users,what types and levels of resources shall be allocated appropriately,how to charge the allocated resources appropriately,what kind of application capability shall

109、 be allocated to users reasonably,and what kind of goods shall be allocated according to market changes.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 20 2.2 Conclusion of BSS Evolution By reviewing the main services of operators in the process of intergenerational upgrad-ing of communication technologies and a

110、nalyzing the evolution of their corresponding BSS,it can be seen that:Service innovation is the main driving force of BSS evolution and development.Communication services are initially determined by the capabilities of communication technology,mainly focusing on the capacity of suppliers,and then gr

111、adually transform to the needs of customers,combining with the overall business trend of the information industry(such as internetization).From the perspective of cooperation paradigm,BSS supports“internal and external double closed loops”.By internally supporting the internal management and operati

112、on of enterprises,it can help enterprises better realize resource integration and optimization and improve internal collaboration and cooperation efficiency;by externally supporting the cooperation and development between enterprises and partners,it can empower the cooperation and development betwee

113、n enterprises and partners and improve the quality and efficiency of external cooperation.The evolution of BSS architecture is highly related to that of information technology in the same era,while information technology and communication technology mutually support and promote each other throughout

114、 their evolution process.For example,the internetization of Web1.0 has driven the development of broadband technology,the mobilization of Web2.0 mutually promoted by 3G and 4G technologies,and technologies such as IT cloudification and containerization have deeply affected the 5G communication techn

115、ology.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 21 III.6G Business Support Model Considering the evolutionary impact of communication technology for operators busi-ness model,the business models of communication operators at different stages are also studied and summarized in references 15,16,17,18,19.As s

116、hown in Figure 3-1,in the 4G era and the previous intergenerational communication era,operators mainly focused on providing standard communication services to consumers and users at lower cost and higher RoI(Return of Invesetment).At this phase,operators,as value producers,provide professional conne

117、ction services in a vertical communication field based on engineering functional platforms such as standard network device and OSS.With the simultaneous evolution of IT and CT,and the mutual penetration and influence,operators have begun to consider building digital infrastructure for enterprise use

118、rs in the 5G era.The intro-duction and landing of the MEC architecture system and private network are the best evidence of this process.With the landing of communication technologies such as NFV,SBA and slicing,the communication capability gradually overflows outside the domain,which brings new valu

119、e growth space for operators.As a general purpose technology,6G strengthens the vision of value spillover,and operators need to build an ecological platform to promote the self-creation and self-evolution of the overall value of the soci-ety.Therefore,the development of 6G will promote operators to

120、further integrate CT,IT,DT and OT,build a corresponding open ecology,and create a systematic value-added business model of total social value.Figure 3-1 Business Model of Communication Operators White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 22 3.1 New BSS Requirements of 6G Typical Scenarios In the past ten ye

121、ars,the mobile communication technology has developed rapidly,and the network performance indicators have achieved many breakthroughs.The main body of network connection has also shifted from personal communication to the Internet of Everything.Rooted in 5G and further improved in 6G,communication t

122、echnology con-tinuously enhances connectivity and certainty of network and promotes transition from mobile Internet to the Intelligence of Everything.This facilitates intelligent interconnec-tion of people,the physical world and the digital world and provides more space for the diversity of 6G servi

123、ces.Although there are still many controversies about the architec-ture,key technologies and business processes of 6G,with the joint efforts of insiders,the industry has added scenarios such as joint communications and sensing and prolif-eration of intelligence to the three typical scenarios of the

124、5G,and sorted out the typical services of 6G for 2030 20,21,22,23.Immersive cloud XR based on 6G ultra wireless broadband Tbps peak rate,10-100Gbps experienced rate,sub-millisecond latency,a tenfold increase in the density of 5G connections,centimeter-level localization,millimeter-level imaging,and

125、E2E system reliability based on controllable error distribution can meet the communication requirements of various immersive cloud XR services.Immersive business with people-centric approach enables individuals to engage in work and daily activities through virtual environment and virtual characters

126、 anytime and anywhere;the XR expanded to industries such as smart security,smart cities,smart factories and data centers will also accelerate the comprehensive digital transformation of vertical industries and greatly enhance the productivity.Universal IoT and Precise Machine control based on 6G ult

127、ra-large-scale connection Machine control is a kind of enhanced machine communication.With the arrival of 6G,combined with the integrated communication method of space and space,the ubiquitous IoT access and mutual communication of large-scale sensing devices and robots will be achieved.For example,

128、Many industrial robots and autonomous robots have a strong demand for environmental awareness and human-robot communication.In the future,the cooperative White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 23 machine control system will realize multi-dimensional cooperation between human,machine and environment base

129、d on more precise working environment and machine motion perception,more intelligent fine control and execution of more accurate control instruction.Its application scenarios mainly include smart factories,smart agriculture,smart cities,smart transport,smart energy and other fields.The business will

130、 be supported by tenfold increase in the density of 5G connections,centimeter-level localization,millimeter-level imaging,and other 6G network performance advancements.Holographic communication based on 6G ultra wireless broadband Holographic communication service is an overall application solution

131、of data collection,coding,transmission,rendering and display of high-immersion and multi-dimensional interactive application scenario based on naked-eye holographic technology.Consisting of the whole E2E process from data collection to multi-dimensional sensory data restoration,it is a highly immers

132、ive service form with high degree of natural interaction.With the comprehensive improvement of 6G network communication capability and the support of high-resolution terminal display devices,holographic communication services will be greatly developed and widely used in many fields such as culture a

133、nd entertainment,medical health,education and social production,providing multi-dimensional interactive experience,holographic digital management,high-quality portrait interaction and other application services.Ultra-high precision positioning based on 6G joint communications and sensing The 6G netw

134、ork has sensing function that allows it to provide active positioning service for communication objects and passive positioning service for non-communication objects.It uses communication signals to realize sensing functions such as detection,positioning,recognition and imaging of the targets,obtain

135、 the information of the surrounding environment,and help to complete the digital virtualization of entities in the environment.Typical scenario services include precise positioning,environmental reconstruction,security imaging,drone delivery,and autonomous driving.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies

136、24 Enhancement of interpersonal communication by brain-computer interface based on 6G proliferation of intelligence Relying on the future 6G mobile communication network,it is expected to make breakthroughs in such new research directions as emotional interaction and brain-computer interaction(brain

137、-computer interface).Intelligent systems with perceptual,cognitive and even thinking capabilities will completely replace traditional interactive intelligent devices,and the hierarchical relationship between people and agents will become human-like interaction that involves emotions,warmth,and equal

138、ity.The intelligent system with emotional interaction capability can monitor the psychological and emotional state of users through voice dialogue or facial expression recognition,and adjust the emotion of users in time to avoid health hazards;by manipulating the machine through the mind or brain to

139、 replace some functions of the human body with the machine,it can also make up for the physical defects of the disabled,maintain an efficient working state,efficiently acquire knowledge and skills within a short time,or realize“lossless”brain information transmission.From the above typical 6G servic

140、es,it can be seen that by building a 6G network with native intelligence,operators can upgrade the network connectivity to information perception and communication capabilities,thus supporting digital business innovation in thousands of industries more efficiently.Because of the more open 6G network

141、 service capability,operators need to consider some common characteristics presented by 6G services:As the basic underlying demand,the upgrading of network capability will ensure that complex and diverse network business scenarios can be built on standardized communication technologies.The ultimate

142、network experience and proliferation of intelligence brought by 6G enable network services to focus more on higher-level innovations such as modes and scenarios;as a result,pure communication operators are no longer the core of ecological cooperation.The breakthrough of the bottleneck in network con

143、nection has made 6G a solid infrastructure base,the concept of“network as code”has been implemented,and ecological cooperation and collaborative innovation White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 25 have become important themes in the 6G era.It can be seen that the 6G business needs an open 6G network to

144、 provide the communication capability of intelligence of everything,and it also needs to combine domain knowledge and integrate emerging technologies to empower digital intelligence upgrades for thousands of industries.Faced with these changes,operators must further improve digital efficiency and em

145、pow-erment,and transform from communication service provider(CSP)to digital service provider(DSP)before the advent of the 6G era.The improvement of digital efficiency means that operators need to optimize the process and framework of BSS,introduce new technologies,continuously improve the efficiency

146、 and scalability of core businesses,and complete the transformation from omni-channel customer center to automated network operation center,including intelligent demand decomposition,ultra-automated service experience,all-round service efficiency evaluation,adaptive service optimization and other bu

147、siness support closed loops.Due to the improvement of digital empowerment,operators have to explore how to support a new digital ecosystem in BSS,extending from the communication field to manufacturing,automotive industry,health industry and smart cities.Operators will go beyond“pipeline business”an

148、d establish“platform business model”,thus completing the transformation from“building competitive ad-vantage based on network resources”to“empowering ecology based on network re-sources”.To this end,operators need to build a more refined product and service system in conjunction with the ecology to

149、promote business prosperity;BSS needs to support the rapid iteration and convergence of business cooperation mode to meet the demands for rapid introduction by partners and opening-up.3.2 Reference Framework of BSS 3.2.1 Business Support Framework from Telecommunication Organizations With the rapid

150、development of the communication industry,BSS of operators is con-stantly incorporating technical standards of IT industry,establishing its own ecological organization,and improving the relevant technical standards in different periods with business development.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 26

151、Around 2009,in order to meet the industry demands amid the ICT convergence trend and the development of digital media and digital services,TM Forum revised the eTOM model,removed the label of telecommunications and established the BFM(Business Process Framework)model which eventually became the busi

152、ness architecture in ODA(Open Digital Architecture)24.Although the IT support system of operators in the early stage has developed rapidly with the business growth,many problems have been exposed in the process of construc-tion,deployment and application and some have seriously affected the sustaina

153、ble de-velopment of the system.The construction and operation of the operations management system have a direct impact on the overall cost,management and service of the commu-nication operations.Therefore,in the process of participating in enterprise information construction,operators have also begu

154、n to apply the general enterprise IT service man-agement methods and standards.Among them,the ITIL,a process-centered IT manage-ment industry standard,is a typical standard and method.IT service management over-sees the full life cycle of IT services,which involves human resources,organizational str

155、ucture,management,process and technology,and other aspects,including pre-re-search,planning and construction,operation&maintenance of IT 25.On February 27,2023,the industry-wide initiative plan of GSMA Open Gateway was grandly released at the Mobile World Congress(MWC 2023).GSMA Open Gateway is a un

156、iversal network API framework,which aims to provide a universal access interface,facilitate developers and cloud service providers to access operators networks faster,and enhance and deploy related services 26.Currently,in the plan of GSMA Open Gate-way,eight universal network APIs have been launche

157、d,including SIM card exchange,QoD,device state(access or roaming status),code verification,edge site selection and routing,code verification(SMS 2FA),operator billing-withdrawal and device location(verification location).It is expected that more APIs will be launched in 2023 according to the initiat

158、ive plan.With the construction of 5G network,the communication industry is becoming the van-guard of the digital era,and its information system has also changed from a business supporter to a business enabler,becoming a tool for operators to fully empower the dig-ital society.Therefore,facing the ev

159、olution of 6G network,operators need to define their business support capabilities more comprehensively and systematically.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 27 On the whole,TM Forum defined the open digital architecture(ODA)15 in 2019,and provided a possible system architecture reference for 6G BSS

160、.This architecture intended to replace the traditional operation support system(OSS)and business support system(BSS)with a new method,and provides the future-oriented blueprint,language and a set of key design principles accepted by the industry.ODA mainly includes five parts:Business Architecture:I

161、ncluding key business process multi-layer model(eTOM)that supports efficient and agile operation,and capable of mapping business capability and value stream.Information System Architecture:Including functional architecture and data architecture(SID)that support loose coupling,being capable of provid

162、ing standard information definitions among operators,suppliers and other partners.Implementation Architecture:Including more than 50 REST-based Open APIs,and capable of realizing the interoperability of standardized IT system;supporting reused and simply integrated ODA components.Standardized data m

163、odels can also help achieve AI operation and maintenance.Deployment&Runtime Environment:Using Canvas to support the running of plug-and-play ODA components,providing standard technical framework and DevOps support,and making verification by continuous deployment in laboratory test environment.E2E Go

164、vernance:Providing related principles,design guidelines,metadata,and agile management tools covering the full life cycle of the architecture.Through the collaboration of these five parts,operators can define their business archi-tecture according to the ever-changing business model,and create a digi

165、tal BSS capable of efficient,agile and automatic operation&maintenance like building blocks.Combined with the domain-based organization form of operators,the“customer-centric”operation mode is abstracted for the future,and the core part of ODA,i.e.eTOM business architecture(as shown in Figure 3-2)is

166、 constructed,which emphasizes the domain-based business process and divides the overall process into two parts from the perspec-tive of enterprise management:strategic planning and operation.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 28 Figure 3-2 eTOM Model of TM Forum Although the information system archi

167、tecture under the ODA system provides a refer-ence for BSS implementation in the communication industry,the ODA only presents the logical framework of the key function grouping L0 of BSS.It also identifies and captures five decoupled functional modules related to the work done by the organization,an

168、d connects and integrates them through the Open API(as shown in Figure 3-3).For the L0-L1 expansion,the business process in light of the eTom business model needs to be further refined.Figure 3-3 ODA Functional Architecture of TM Forum In the future,the 6G BSS system can further evolve on the ODA fu

169、nctional architecture,and introduce corresponding capabilities in combination with the development of the Internet to build a more open and flexible digital business support capability from the Strategy and agreement Infrastructure life cycle management Product life cycle management Operation suppor

170、t and preparation Business opening Business guarantee Billing and revenue management Strategy,infrastructure and product Operation 企業Enterprise management Strategy and enterprise planning Finance and asset management Knowledge and research management Stakeholder and external relationship management

171、Enterprise risk management Enterprise process management Human resource management General process management Partner Cooperation strategy and planning Cooperative bidding management Deliverables development and exit Cooperation agreement management Partners support and preparation Partner privacy m

172、anagement Partner training management Partner event management Processingof partners order Partner interaction management Promotion and withdrawal management of cooperative relationship Handling of partners problem Partner performance management Processing of partners order Resource Resource strateg

173、y and planning Resource capability delivery Resource development and exit Resource management/operation support and preparation Employee management Resources opening Resource problem handling Resource performance management Resource allocation and reporting Resource data collection and distribution

174、Service Service strategy and planning Service capability delivery Service development and exit Service management/operation support and preparation Service configuration and activation Service problem handling Service quality management Service guidance and deployment 客戶信息管理Customer Customer experie

175、nce strategy and planning Customer support and preparation Customer experience management Order processing User management Customer interaction management Customer problem handling Customer Qos/SLA management Bill and invoice management Bill payment and accounts receivable management Processing of b

176、ill inquiry Recharge management Balance management Product Product and commodity set planning Product&commodity capability delivery Product specification/commodity development and exit Product capability management Product life cycle management Product support and preparation Product configuration m

177、anagement Product performance management Product&commodity ordering management Market/MarketingMarket strategy and tactics Sales strategy and planning Sales forecasting Market brand management Market research Sales development Marketing support and preparation Loyalty program management Sales manage

178、ment Contact/management of potential users Marketing communications management Marketing activity management Marketing performance management Sales performance management Billing event management White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 29 bottom up,thus establishing an operator-centered ecosystem to acce

179、lerate the develop-ment of the digital economy.This system provides the following prospects for the busi-ness development of communication operators in the 6G era:Build a digital infrastructure featuring computing and network convergence based on network resources,thus developing hierarchical servic

180、es and products from the bottom up and enable operators to expand their digital capabilities of external empowerment.Remodel the whole process in a customer-centric approach,and attach importance to customer service experience and efficiency evaluation.Process marketing capability support,supporting

181、 the landing of diversified business models.Promote the collaborative communication of B domain,O domain and M domain,and build an efficient,agile and open digital BSS.3.2.2 Business Support Reference from Internet Industry Metcalfe,the father of computer network,once pointed out,“The value of a net

182、work is the square of the number of nodes in the network and is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system”.The Internet demonstrates the power-increas-ing relationship between network scale and network value,and based on the connection of people,greatly magnifies the

183、total ecological value through open cooperation.Refer-ence 17 focuses on typical Internet business in the Web 2.0 era,and gives 4C business model classification method(Connection,Content,Context,Commercial)from the top,representing social network,content service,information retrieval and e-commerce

184、busi-ness respectively.In the era of Web2.0,focusing on the core service value,enterprises gather data via platforms,and try to realize traffic monetization through advertisements,contents,commissions and other ways.In the process of supporting consumers business,the support systems of Internet comp

185、anies constantly polish their technical capabilities,forming a cloud-native IT system and DT system.In addition,they also build a middle platform business support system for developers,which not only effectively supports their own SaaS development,but also greatly empowers the corresponding cloud co

186、m-puting business based on IaaS and PaaS.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 30 As a result of Web2.0s centralized nature,the data from all aspects is collected by a few dominant players due to mergers and restructuring within the internet industry.This brings huge profits for the industry giants,but

187、 meanwhile has created social injustice and insecurity.Then,Web3.0,based on blockchain,DAPP,semantic web and other tech-nologies came into being,with the prospect of breaking the monopoly mechanism built on the platform in the Web2.0 era,and a large number of bottom-up innovations are quietly taking

188、 place.In this process,the research on business model is also in full swing.At present,the industry generally adopts bottom-up induction 27,28,29,30 to list various business models that have been implemented(such as charging according to License and blockchain service).On this basis,reference 31 sum

189、marizes the business model as shown in Figure 3-4.Its core idea is to promote multi-party cooperation and jointly cre-ate ecological prosperity around the core value model of key roles,based on consistent blockchain model,ecological expansion model and incentive distribution rules.In es-sence,Web3.0

190、 is to build a trusted digital society by imposing a wide range of constraint rules on a low-trust network through technology.From the perspective of value creation and value flow,Web3.0 inherits and continues the successful paradigm in Web2.0.With the implementation of production modes such as DAO,

191、more innovations can be ex-pected in the future.The related digital capabilities supporting Web3.0 businesses are divided into technologies of the basic layer,platform layer and application layer.The basic layer technology consists of the convergence technology of blockchain,including distributed le

192、dger,consensus algorithm,cryptography technology,smart contract,dis-tributed storage,cross-chain,etc.The platform layer technology includes AI,big data,extended reality(XR),cloud computing,rendering,3D modeling and so on.Application layer technologies include a wider variety and offer more possibili

193、ties,suggesting huge potential for the integration and development of various technologies.Therefore,practi-tioners of Web3.0 are also providing related services and improving the corresponding BSS from the bottom up around decentralized enabling technology.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 31 Figu

194、re 3-4 Business Model for Web3.0 In terms of connection enablement,the communication technology has built a more ste-reoscopic and prosperous cyberspace than the Internet.How to maximize the ecological value of operators based on the powerful cyberspace?6G Flagship and other organiza-tions 16,18,19

195、once introduced the 4C business model framework 17,which was applied to Web2.0,into the communication field(as shown in Figure 3-5).The purpose of this was to better cope with the increasingly diversified products and services of communi-cation operators.From the business development of the Internet

196、 industry,the following points are worthy of reference for the communication industry:Consensus on core values regarding to its own superior resources.Keep an open mind in cooperation to release more business potential.Change the business support from internal service to customer service,and focus o

197、n customer experience.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 32 Figure 3-5 4C Model of Communication Business In practice,operators have also expanded their flow management business with the help of the mobile Internet Connection capability provided by 4G,and began to gradually introduce the cloud nativ

198、e and big data of the Internet to improve the agility and intelli-gence of consumer business support,and then further expanded the industrial-level dig-ital business through the cloudified middle platform service under the capability support of the 5G Internet of Everything.For the future 6G era,ope

199、rators should not only con-sider the continuous influence of Web2.0,but pay attention to the new business model and business innovation brought by Web3.0.Their digital BSS shall be enhanced in the following aspects:With the innovation of the underlying technology from 4G,5G to 6G,the standard connec

200、tion value of communication operators is improving,including horizontal(perception capability,computing power integration capability,ICT convergence,etc.)and vertical(extreme improvement of network communication performance indicators)value expansion.As a result,the underlying core value constructio

201、n is no longer limited to the network,but extends to the dimensions of computing power,perception terminal and storage power.As a general purpose technology,connection has increasingly prominent value in enablement.Operators can use this core competence to integrate more White Paper on 6G BSS Techno

202、logies 33 technologies besides data,including intelligent collaboration,service connection,tool integration,etc.,and build a developer ecosystem to enhance their business innovation capabilities.Under the decentralized business model,it is particularly important to establish a digital ecosystem with

203、 operators as the core.Establishing a digital support system with incentive mechanism and efficient operation for business innovation will drive operators to continuously provide high-level value-added services and stimulate business innovation.3.2.3 BSS Evolution and Planning of Operators With the

204、advent of the digital economy era,the communication industry has been making proactive efforts since the 4G era to cope with the rapid changes in the market and tech-nology.In the current 5G era,with the saturation of the personal communication market,the enterprise market has indisputably become th

205、e growth pole of operators in the future.However,enterprise services such as SD-WAN,enterprise security and network slice need to be built on the combination of virtualization and various network functions(RAN,core,transmission and cloud),and are not provided by isolated network domains.In addition,

206、the needs of different enterprise customers and the ways of business coop-eration are quite different.Therefore,digital service providers must optimize their oper-ations to ensure the improvement of delivery cost and delivery efficiency.To respond to these changes,the global mainstream BSS manufactu

207、rers and even oper-ators have put forward a series of corresponding technologies,products and solution systems.For example,the established communication BSS manufacturers Amdocs,Er-icsson,Huawei,AsiaInfo,the international operator Verizon,and the three major domes-tic operators in China have provide

208、d corresponding solutions for the common needs of global operators.The digital brand experience support system provided by Amdocs is a digital customer management,commercial and monetization solution based on the existing BSS,which is specially designed for the digital brand needs of service provide

209、rs,who need to pro-vide digital experience for their customers while maintaining agility,innovation and rapid launching capability.This solution helps operators to streamline the closed loop of their business support by pre-building business and technical processes across the full life cycle,includi

210、ng customer care,business,ordering and monetization.In addition,White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 34 Amdocs provides cloud migration service on BSS,which is planned and executed by Amdocs in cooperation with AWS,involving a large number of BSS data,for the purpose of providing better personalized u

211、ser experience,improving self-service adoption rate and greater flexibility.In response to the transformation of communication service providers to digital service providers,Ericsson has built a new customer-centric BSS for operators.By redefining the multiple layers of digital customer enabler,digi

212、tal business enabler,service manage-ment and network&cloud infrastructure from top down,a multi-level value monetiza-tion system is established for operators to unleash business vitality.AsiaInfo has proposed the concept of“global virtualization,global intelligentization and global perception”(“thre

213、e global domains”for short)of 5G to enhance the technical evolution of 5G private network,5G network intelligentization,computing network and customer experience management(CEM)towards 3GPP 5G Advanced.They focus on three major technology modules(cloud network,IT and digital intelligence)and the tec

214、hnical evolution of Top X core technology of three major middle platform systems(technical middle platform,data middle platform and AI middle platform),as well as the continuous evolution of BO convergence technology.In response to the global wave of digital economy,international operators have deve

215、l-oped a variety of technologies and solutions for enterprise support systems,such as dig-ital transformation solutions,cloud solutions,mobile solutions,and IoT solutions.Beyond the enterprise market,the metaverse business based on Web3.0 may reshape all aspects of personal life.The first obvious bu

216、siness opportunity brought about by the metaverse for communication operators is the upgrade of connectivity.With the support of the 6G network,the metaverse business will move from those such as simulation ac-tivities,customer seminars,webinars,and digital twins for corporate operation to higher-le

217、vel metaverse application scenarios such as immersive XR,holographic imaging,and sensory interconnection.In the face of the changes brought about by the metaverse,some operators do not hope to be simple connection providers.For example,Deutsche Tele-kom recently cooperated with Telecom to bring the

218、Korean operators ifland Metaverse platform to Europe,allowing users to create virtual images and establish virtual confer-ences in the“New World”.For operators,the metaverse will be an opportunity to estab-lish partnerships and do more than connection service providers.Operators may have White Paper

219、 on 6G BSS Technologies 35 the opportunity to provide a“business platform”to use the combination of product cat-alog,bills,charging,partner management,care,sales and marketing to power the inno-vative businesses based on the metaverse.Metaverse has opened up a variety of new methods for the business

220、 innovation of operators.In the metaverse based on Web3.0,the potential for new business model,personalized contextual advertising&services,and value-added sales of digital content are enormous,but this also highlights the need for the existing BSS to provide a high degree of openness,adaptability a

221、nd flexibility.In order to better support the development of metaverse business under Web3.0,a TM Forum catalyst project jointly completed by multinational operators proposed to intro-duce a customer digital avatar driven by AI with decentralized digital identity and data ownership into the existing

222、 BSS,in order to provide new digital contact points for cus-tomer care and service agents,thereby comprehensively improving customer experience,employee experience,use experience and multiple experiences,and then strengthening the customer-centric sustainable business development model.Chinese opera

223、tors have also defined a ubiquitous computing-aware network resource layer,a game-based com-puting power engine layer,an immersive social experience layer,and a hybrid reality business layer in the metaverse BSS from the bottom up.It can be seen from this plan that operators have borrowed ideas from

224、 the Internet companies to support the co-con-struction of infrastructure,the creation of development ecology,and the upgrade of user experience in a more inclusive manner.From operators current business exploration of the metaverse,it is observed that communication operators are accelerating their

225、trans-formation into digital service providers,so creating a new BSS for the 6G digital inno-vation has also become part of their agenda.3.3 6G Domain-based Business Support Model for Digital Innovation From the open digital architecture developed by the industry standard organization TM Forum,to th

226、e theoretical research on communication service models under Web2.0 in the industry,as well as the new topics brought by Web3.0 and 6G for operator business,and even the transformation practices of operators themselves to digital service providers,a possible evolutionary path for BSS capabilities in

227、 the 6G context can be summarized.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 36 First,the 6G network will greatly enhance the connection advantages of operators in infrastructure resources,enabling operators to adjust,integrate and enhance computing power with the support of the network,build blockchain bas

228、ed network infrastructure for Web3.0,and widely connect infrastructure providers through the 6G network so as to integrate network-wide resources.Second,operators can open up the CT capabilities of 6G network like Internet companies,introduce IT,DT,and OT capabilities,and create assembled full stack

229、 digital technology services for production developers,in order to support the innovative development of digital business.Third,based on ubiquitous com-puting-aware network and full stack digital technology capabilities,operators can en-hance their own digital business innovation,and also work with

230、partners to promote industrial digital business innovation.Finally,operators need to establish corresponding ecological cooperation at different levels such as resource supply,production&devel-opment and business innovation based on their core capabilities,in order to ensure the sustainable developm

231、ent of the 6G business.A customer-centric total experience and integrated operation and empowerment will run through the above domains,and the cor-responding 6G BSS will further improve the operation efficiency of operators in re-sponse to the above needs and upgrade the business support ability for

232、 external empow-erment.To improve the digital operation efficiency of operators themselves,6G BSS needs to be continuously upgraded in the following two aspects:Transition from internal-user-supported to customer-centric:Technologies such as intention recognition,new SLA evaluation system,data fabri

233、c,digital twin and ultra-automation should be introduced to build unified digital identities around customers and optimize customers service experience.Whole-process collaboration,enabling integrated and automated operation:New technologies such as digital intelligence,cloud native and Devops for op

234、erator-oriented business operations and support systems should be introduced to continuously improve the operation efficiency and scalability of core business.To improve the digital empowerment efficiency for operators,6G BSS needs to fully support ecological cooperation in a more open form:White Pa

235、per on 6G BSS Technologies 37 Accurate positioning of foundation core values:In the intergenerational replacement of communication capabilities,the carrier of communication core values has completed continuous upgrades from voice,text,traffic,video,and future holographic communication.With the intro

236、duction of technologies such as computing and network convergence and Web3.0 into 6G,future-oriented computing-aware network resources and decentralized Web3.0 support capabilities have also become new value carriers.Technology convergence drives product innovation:Due to the convergence and develop

237、ment of IT and CT technologies,operators can not only provide their powerful communication technology services,but also introduce technologies such as cloud computing,big data,AI and industrial interconnection operations to offer developers digital service production capabilities,with the services r

238、equired by decentralized applications taken into account to guarantee user data ownership under Web3.0.Value creation drives business innovation:The general purpose technologies and underlying resources provided based on the digital production layer can effectively promote the operators and ecologic

239、al partners to complete business innovation.In addition to trusted transactions of resources such as computing network and data,developers may obtain digital tools,end users can get corresponding digital products,and users are empowered to realize value through their own digital assets in the era of

240、 Web3.0.Connecting participants to promote ecological cooperation:All business innovations shall be based on effective business contracts of all participants.The ability to support innovation of different business modes and trusted transaction will be the key to the future ecological construction of

241、 operators.In particular,those of interest should pay attention to the effective utilization of the decentralized autonomous organizations emerging under Web3.0 to establish the ecosystem advocated by operators.In order to implement the above design elements and adhere to the principles of decou-pli

242、ng and collaboration,this White Paper proposes a domain-based business focus and collaborative cooperation model for digital innovation(see Table 3-1 below)to support the digital innovation of 6G business.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 38 Table 3-1 Operator Business Model for the 6G Era Experien

243、ce domain:This domain will focus on customers,identify breakpoints and optimizable points in business processes,and improve customer experience,employee experience,user experience,and multiple experiences.It will focus on total experience optimization of service processes.Operation domain:This domai

244、n will break down the institutional and technical barriers of various domains of operators,and achieve comprehensive automation of operation processes for safety production requirements and business use processes.It will focus on automation and intelligentization of operations across all domains.Res

245、ource domain:This domain will determine the core basic resources and corresponding resource management methods of operators,with a special focus on the overall resource utilization rate,as well as lean resource integration and operational management of resources.Production domain:This domain will in

246、tegrate various digital production capabilities and produce corresponding digital tools or processing lines.It will focus on the production and R&D of digital products,and provide ecological support for creators.Business domain:This domain will determine the business process and operation mode,formu

247、late corresponding product plans,and provide core functions to ensure the best user experience.It will focus on deliverable services Digital innovation Design points of BSS Domain-based decoupling Improvement of digital operation efficiency Transition from internal-user-supported to customer-centric

248、 Experience Whole-process collaboration,enabling integration and automated operation Operation Digital empowerment efficiency Accurate positioning of basic core values Resource Technology convergence drives product innovation Production Value mining drives business innovation Business Connecting par

249、ticipants to promote ecological cooperation Ecosystem White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 39 and products,and ensure the full life cycle management of products and commodities.Ecosystem domain:This domain will build a communication channel for ecological partners with operators as the center and prov

250、ide real-time incentives and scenario empowerment through capital operation and other methods to quickly acquire the resources and capabilities required for cooperation.It will focus on ecological business model design,revenue generation,and formulation of commercial rule.White Paper on 6G BSS Techn

251、ologies 40 IV.Overall Vision of 6G BSS This White Paper holds that 6G,as a general purpose technology,will strengthen the vision of value spillovers,and operators also hope to become the core of the digital ser-vice ecosystem with the help of 6G capabilities,so as to secure an advantageous position

252、in the Internet digital upgrading process.So,6G BSS shall be able to construct an eco-logical system in a fully open form,and promote the self-creation and self-evolution of the overall digital economic value of the society.The accelerating transformation of dig-ital business and the upgrading of ca

253、pabilities driven by 6G technology from the bottom to top require operators to focus on different layers and collaborate on digital innovation.This 6G domain-based business support model will continuously strengthen and improve the digital operational efficiency and digital empowerment efficiency of

254、 operators.It also enables the development of BSS with DOICT as its technological basis,thereby realizing a series of visions,such as ecological valuation,business diversification,pro-duction flexibility,resource sharing,scenario-based experience,operation automation and native safety and security,a

255、nd enabling the 6G digital business innovation.These are shown in Figure 4-1:Figure 4-1 BSS Vision for 6G Scenario-based experience:In the experience domain,diverse experiences are provided based on different business scenarios to meet the needs of total Experience(scenario-based)Operation(super-aut

256、omated,native safety and security)Enable the 6G digital business innovationEcosystem(value-based)Business(diverse)Production(flexible)Resource(sharing)White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 41 experience of intelligent interaction and virtual-real interaction required by different role objects during en

257、terprise business activities,which are mainly reflected in:The objects satisfied by the digital experience include employees,corporate customers,partners,suppliers,consumers,etc.,focusing on the system platform and customers zero-touch collaboration and business intention perception capabilities.In

258、terms of digital experience interaction mode,it has expanded from traditional human-computer interaction,PC terminal and mobile terminal to total experience modes such as brain-computer interaction,virtual-real interaction between intelligent agent and twin aggregate,metaverse and super APP.Support

259、customer digital avatars,digital virtual humans,and achieve an omni-channel,full-process business intent driven experience.Being able to convert experience orders such as“I want machine-checked connections”into seamless on-demand services for product management provided and charged by a digital inno

260、vation platform.Operation automation:In the operation domain,focusing on the automation,process mining,and security of BSS business processes can be expanded to external enabling meeting the future business ecology monetization,to achieve the integration of B2B2X business ecology.Through the E2E bus

261、iness process automation,operations of resource,production,business and ecology are connected in series to improve digital operation and empowerment efficiencies,which is supported by security technologies such as platform engineering,blockchain and zero trust,embedded in the E2E business processes

262、of enterprise production,and coordinated with intelligent process mining and optimization to ensure the credibility of the entire process.Resource sharing:In the resource domain,network resources(connection,perception,positioning,etc.),computing power resources(CPU,GPU,etc.),storage resources(memory

263、),and related IT high-level computing power resources can realize sharing,reuse,elastic and efficient resource management White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 42 32,33 through cloud-edge-terminal distributed and container technologies,which are mainly reflected in:The integration of physical resources

264、 at different regions and levels.The integration of cloud-edge-terminal three-dimensional ubiquitous logical resources.The integration of heterogeneous resources brought by different computing hardware and diverse chip architectures.Production flexibility:In the production domain,new technologies su

265、ch as data fabric and digital twins are introduced as needed with the support of a cloud native component-based framework.The technical architecture is easy to expand,technical elements are easy to integrate,and technical capabilities are easy to invoke.Zero code/no code and visual drag-and-drop too

266、ls are provided for developers to simplify the application complexity of these technologies 32.Through production domain integration,various types of digital production capabilities are integrated and corresponding digital tools or processing lines are produced,focusing on the integration of digital

267、 product production and R&D,and providing ecological support for creators to enable rapid transformation and collaborative production of multiple technologies,processes,forms,and units.Business diversification:In the business domain,integrated communications and sensing,air-space-ground integration,

268、proliferation of intelligence,and high-precision perception and positioning further diversify the business and scenarios.In terms of diversified capacity building,the key points are:Extracting common features of business capabilities to form a digital business virtual network element and service uni

269、t orchestrator 34;integrating and solidifying through business service descriptor(BSD),and building standard business processes to achieve visualization,agile development and innovation,flexible deployment and scenario operations of business.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 43 Building a new busin

270、ess service evaluation system that integrates QoE(Quality of Experience)and QoS(Quality of Service),which can be used as a model definition for new communication services to analyze and measure visual/tactile sensing accuracy,experience,etc.Ecological valuation:In the ecosystem domain,B2B2X represen

271、ts a significant breakthrough in the past model for operators.The“chain connection”model based on simple upstream and downstream cooperation of“service provision,service procurement”,has evolved into a“network interconnection”model of multiple types of cooperation and collaboration 32.As operators o

272、f value network,operators have also shifted from“solution promoters”to“solution creators”,releasing the new paradigm of ecological cooperation and systematic capabilities such as customer security and privacy,data flow,trusted transactions,decentralized autonomous organizations.BSS shall be strength

273、ened to build a benign ecosystem,and provide protection for the sustainable and healthy development of digital systems.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 44 V.6G BSS Potential Technologies Generally,BSS presents an epochal business development trend in the 6G era,which re-quires the support of a ser

274、ies of future-oriented IT technologies.Based on the advance-ment timeline of 6G and the evolution characteristics of BSS,and for the reference of readers,some technologies that may serve as the future IT support for BSS have been identified and examined.These technologies,yet to be developed,are exp

275、ected to be avail-able around 2030.Figure 5-1 summarizes the recommended potential key IT technologies in the planning of 6G BSS.Figure 5-1 Potential Key Technologies of 6G BSS 6G BSS will be a system for application ecosystem and value chain,so the sharing of resources among applications,scenarios,

276、and partner support systems is very important.Based on this requirement,a sustainable cloud computing model needs to be introduced in the resource domain to support a cloud computing environment that is not entirely owned and controlled by operators.In addition,due to the concept of 6G sensing as a

277、network and its E2E capabilities for vertical industries,cloud-edge-terminal integration technology is naturally introduced to share cloud-edge-terminal computing resources.It is also necessary to introduce distributed scheduling technology to achieve unified re-source scheduling.Due to the complexi

278、ty and importance of the system in the 6G era(considering its in-volvement in core production and personal health),it will be necessary for individuals to exert their personal initiative to achieve democratization of manufacturing.Based on such premise,intelligent digital twins and data fabric techn

279、ology may be introduced into the White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 45 production domain.Intelligent digital twin technology can provide comprehensive per-ception and prediction capabilities for system managers,thereby essentially improving the controllability of the system;furthermore,data fabric t

280、echnology can provide data inte-gration capabilities of low cost and high timeliness,which will be a good foundation for monetization of operational data.At the level of business domain,considering the requirements of the Internet of Every-thing and interactive perception in the 6G era,supporting bu

281、siness diversification will become the development trend of BSS.Therefore,the ability of AI will become the key for operators to stand out from the competition.To achieve business diversification,it is necessary to introduce self-adaptive AI technology to enable operators to avoid long train-ing and

282、 parameter adjustment processes when using AI technology.It is particularly cru-cial to allow AI technology to adapt to the business.Due to the complexity of business and the diversity of participants,it will be very important to introduce business hypervis-ualization technology to respond to the ma

283、rket and application ecology in time.Similarly,in order to reconcile the need for system participants to use data in fierce competition and the growing awareness of various stakeholders to data privacy,the introduction of privacy computing technology will be inevitable.Experience in the 6G era requi

284、res a more natural human-computer interaction.Therefore,introducing an interactive mode based on intelligent customer avatars in the business do-main will enable operators to establish a more humanized and efficient interactive con-nection with customers,thereby achieving the ideal of collaborative

285、human-computer in-teraction.This connection also needs to overcome the inherent vagueness and ambiguity problems of natural interaction models,so intention perception technology needs to be introduced synchronously to truly capture the customers intentions and provide timely and appropriate response

286、s.Due to the characteristics of 6G BSS such as system participants,application ecological environment,Internet of Everything and system scale,the automation and security of op-erations will be crucial.Therefore,the system needs to establish a stronger security and operation system,in which the zero

287、trust security control and native safety and security based on blockchain trusted identity authentication shall be introduced to establish a se-curity system,and the introduction of super automation,platform engineering and digital immune system shall be an issue worthy of serious consideration so a

288、s to improve the overall operation efficiency of the system.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 46 5.1 6G BSS Technical Framework The 6G BSS technical framework adopts a cloud,edge and terminal architecture,as shown in Figure 5-2.Each part is designed based on a layered architecture and can simplify

289、com-plex issues.Based on the principle of single responsibility,each layer of codes performs their respective duties.Based on the design methodology of“high cohesion,low cou-pling”,the interaction between relevant layers is achieved,thereby improving the main-tainability and expandability of the pla

290、tform.Figure 5-2 6G BSS Technical Framework The entire technical framework follows the platform engineering philosophy in order to optimize the developer experience and accelerate the product teams speed for creating value for customers.For different business domains,BSS,as an industry cloud platfor

291、m,can provide industry modular capabilities to support industry application scenarios by combining SaaS,platform as a service(PaaS),and infrastructure as a service(IaaS).The platform truly realized“continuous and ubiquitous learning and perpetual updates”across different business ecosystems,offering

292、 AI services and applications to every end user and allowing real-time and reliable AI intelligence to become a faithful partner for every indi-vidual,family and industry,thus achieving proliferation of intelligence.When any interested party takes any type of action,BSS will generate“observable data

293、”containing digital features,such as logs,traces,API calls,dwell times,downloads and file transfers and feed back all observable characteristic data in a highly coordinated and inte-grated manner to create a decision-making cycle,thereby improving the effectiveness of Cloudnativeplatform Storagelaye

294、r Servicelayer Presentationlayer Platform engineering Intelligent customer avatar Self-adaptive AI DIMIntent identification Super automation Intelligent digital twin Proliferation of intelligence Edge Terminal Trusted identity authentication based on blockchain Cloud-edge-terminal integration Data f

295、abric and privacy computing Sustainable cloud computing model High-performance cloudified architecture Cloud side White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 47 organizational decision-making and the application observability capabilities.The digital immune system will create an excellent user experience(UX)

296、while reducing system faults.The platform using the digital immune system can reduce system downtime by up to 80%,and the reduced losses will directly translate into higher revenue.The cloud-edge-terminal integrated BSS provides unified application and operation management for business sce-narios,an

297、d will become a fundamental platform for digital transformation in various in-dustries,enabling in-depth empowerment for digital transformation and intelligent up-grading in various industries and more accurate and efficient screening,convergence,analysis,and prediction of massive situational percep

298、tion information.The intelligent dig-ital twin connects the data of cloud,edge and terminal layers of the platform,and pro-cesses and analyzes the data.It has the capabilities of holographic mapping,simulation deduction,analysis&prediction and real-time interaction.The full-stack technology sys-tem

299、can quickly adapt to various industries,meet the cost reduction and efficiency increase requirements of business digital transformation,and provide strong support for establish-ing industrial upgrade with data as the core driving factor.BSS can adopt a zero trust security model to ensure security.In

300、 essence,zero trust is to authenticate all assets such as personnel,devices and servers and build an identity centric trust evaluation and dynamic access control system to ensure security protection for busi-ness data access.That is,through the zero trust business access model,it ensures that the co

301、rrect people,use the correct terminals,use the correct authority to access the correct business at any network location and obtain the correct data.A decentralized trusted iden-tity authentication solution based on blockchain can be applied to identity authentication and manage keys in decentralized

302、 related business scenarios.BSS can also introduce low code platforms,which can enhance communication efficiency between business teams and IT departments by reducing losses caused by human commu-nication.For developers,low code platforms eliminate the tedious and repetitive coding work in the devel

303、opment process,and can effectively reduce labor costs and improve the development efficiency.In terms of low code,the super APP solution adopted provides a very convenient service.With strong third-party integration capabilities,it offers multiple services by a single application and can save resour

304、ce and realize data sharing.On this basis,a super automated business technology platform is constructed,which is composed of a business automation orchestration module,a data governance module,a data flow orchestration modeling module,an AI algorithm module,a visualization module and a White Paper o

305、n 6G BSS Technologies 48 SmartAgent module.For scenarios where process standardization rates can be applied,the platform can comprehensively solve manual errors in business processes and improves enterprise process efficiency.5.2 6G BSS Key Technologies 5.2.1 Total Experience Upgrade Based on Intell

306、igent Customer Avatars Undoubtedly,total experience 35 will become one of the main options for communication operators to move towards Web3.0 metaverse operation based on 6G capabilities.It is a business strategy implemented for all enterprise related personnel(including customers,employees,users,pa

307、rtners,etc.),with the goal of creating a more comprehensive and more pertinent brand perception and experience for everyone.Total experience includes four categories:customer experience,i.e.to measure customers perception and experience of the brand through their interaction and behavior with the en

308、terprise;employee experience,i.e.to measure employees perception and experience of the brand through their interac-tion and behavior with customers;user experience,i.e.to measure the users experience of this application through their behavior and feelings during the use of digital products;multiple

309、experiences,i.e.to measure the experience of different interaction modes brought to users by the same application across devices and contacts.With the upgrading of computing and network infrastructure brought by the 6G network,the customer avatar 36 based on Web3.0 is expected to significantly enhan

310、ce the total experience of the metaverse as a killer application:customer avatar,as customers digital avatar,uses the key of an Internet token to smoothly navigate different applications,while enterprise employees can also verify the identity of the same user,both parties have es-tablished a mutual

311、trust relationship based on trusted technology;customer avatar pro-vides customers with personal data management throughout their full life cycle,including authorizing third parties to use data and personal data transaction.Enterprises obtain legal and compliant data utilization rights through smart

312、 contracts,and employees do not need to worry about compromising their personal privacy;customer avatar provides an open interface that allows customers to purchase and access intelligent services provided by enterprises,enabling them to act as intelligent assistants to help customers effectively ma

313、nage the interaction behavior and time of the metaverse.In terms of user experience White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 49 and multiple experiences,regardless of the device or terminal,customers can interact with their main or even unique contact customer avatar in a natural way.For example,a virtual

314、 reality helmet can be operated through voice intonation,eye movement,facial expressions and even body language,while wearable watches,allows user to interact through voice,or text,in an environment that requires silence.In short,all parties in the metaverse com-municate effectively by natural langu

315、age interaction at different contacts through cus-tomer avatar.Customer avatar can always be online,react in real time,and continuously optimize itself.In the metaverse era supported by 6G network,customer journey will become the most fundamental and core element,and effective management and sharing

316、 of customer jour-ney will become the cornerstone of continuous optimization and total experience 37.The characteristics of current customer journey data aggregation are that data needs to be in-jected in a real-time,agile and continuous manner,and data from different systems and sources need to be

317、matched based on the unified identity of the customer.In the customer journey analysis phase,the focus is on connecting customer behavior trajectory data from different channels,contacts and interfaces based on time series to reveal the customers true history trajectory,replacing the original scatte

318、red analysis of contacts with linear tra-jectory path analysis.In terms of the application of customer journey strategy,it can sim-ultaneously bring benefits in the three dimensions of enterprise value beliefs(product leadership,customer intimacy and operational excellence),focusing on four aspects:

319、op-eration efficiency enhancement,experience improvement,revenue growth and customer loyalty.With customer avatar as an innovative interface for user experience,customer-centric,immersive and wrap-around integrated contact services will become the main-stream in the future.The granularity of contact

320、,communication and interaction between enterprises and customers will become increasingly detailed,covering a wider customer journey and a more extensive multi-dimensional service space.5.2.2 Upgrade of Interaction Methods Based on Intention Perception The technological development in the 6G era wil

321、l be inclined to interact with systems with natural ways in order to improve efficiency and lower the threshold for system use,and enable the intelligent agents to obtain more training data for faster iterations.Therefore,White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 50 the interaction method based on natural

322、input/output modes such as voice,coupled with intention perception38,will definitely promote the upgrade of interaction method.Intention perception-based interaction is an intelligent interaction method,by which the users language,semantics,background and other information can be analyzed to under-s

323、tand the users intentions and provide corresponding help or answers.This interaction method can make the user experience more natural,and help users obtain the required information more quickly and accurately.Compared to traditional interaction methods,intention perception-based interaction can prov

324、ide more personalized and flexible services and more efficient solution to problems.Implementing this interaction method requires strong natural language processing capabilities and a rich knowledge base;meanwhile,issues such as uncertainty,ambiguity and vagueness,as well as how to improve the accu-

325、racy and credibility of the system also need to be addressed.Intention perception-based interaction can be combined with voice as an input/output method.This allows users to interact with the system by speaking without using text or other input methods.Using BSS based on intention perception,voice i

326、nput and other technologies can achieve rapid upgrades in interaction methods,greatly reduce the threshold for system use,and enable end customers,temporary employees and others to use the system efficiently and accurately.In addition,it can also improve production efficiency,enable users to obtain

327、more accurate business operation data faster,and make timely and accurate responses to the market.5.2.3 Visual Operation Based on Intelligent Digital Twins Due to the fully open architecture of BSS in the 6G era and the unprecedented enhance-ment of communication network capabilities,a large number

328、of advanced technologies will be integrated into the system,and BSS will penetrate all aspects of the cloud,network,edge and terminal,all of which lead to the unprecedented complexity of BSS.At the same time,6G has carved out many new frontiers for the development of telecommunication business,and h

329、as also made business development and market competition more complex and difficult to control.Visual operations based on intelligent digital twin can reflect the architecture and operational status of the system,as well as changes in business in an intuitive and real-time manner,and enable a certai

330、n degree of prediction and simulation for business.White Paper on 6G BSS Technologies 51 The intelligent digital twin 39 technology allows entities or processes in the physical world to be digitally mirrored and replicated in the digital world.Intelligent interactions between people and people,peopl

331、e and objects,objects and objects may be achieved through mappings in the digital world.By mining rich historical and real-time data in the digital world and generating perceptual and cognitive intelligence through advanced al-gorithmic models,the digital world can simulate,verify,predict and contro

332、l physical en-tities or processes,thereby obtaining the optimal state of the physical world.Intelligent digital twin technology can provide many possibilities in various fields:in the medical field,medical systems can duplicate the patient information via digital twin to make dis-ease diagnosis and

333、determine the best treatment plan;in the industrial field,optimizing product design through the digital domain can reduce costs and improve efficiency;in the agricultural field,using digital twin to simulate and deduce agricultural production pro-cesses can predict adverse factors and improve agricultural production and land use effi-ciency;in the field of network operation&maintenance,through clo