1、 Media partners:Prepared with the support of:May 2024GREENLAST MILEEUROPEREPORT2024CONTENTS Executive summary Definitions About the authors and partners Background of the report Green last mile topology Why is the green last mile relevant today?Climate changes and responsibility Participants of the

2、report Review of initiatives Assessment of the value of projects Supplement:Ukraine,where even war doesnt stop green initiatives The environmental impact of the last mile Conclusions and the future How do we plan to develop the report for next year?T&C and contact31015232733535861114116124132145147M

3、edia partners:Prepared with the support ofEXECUTIVESUMMARYEXECUTIVESUMMARYEXECUTIVE SUMMARY4EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The increasing global temperature,estimated to cause approximately 1.0C of warming above pre-industrial levels and potentially reaching a critical thre-shold of 1.5C between 2027 and 2042,hi

4、ghlights urgent environmental chal-lenges.These challenges are exacerba-ted by the carbon emissions associated with the recent surge in e-commerce and parcel delivery vehicles.A UPIDO forecast that e-commerce parcel deli-very could contribute up to 5.5 million metric tonnes of CO2 by 2032 under-scor

5、es the need for drastic action in the logistics sector to mitigate these effects.More importantly,we could potentially reduce this carbon footprint by over 91%in just a decade,or to put it more visual-ly,save over one forest the size of the Black Forest in this time.The substantial carbon footprint

6、of last-mile delivery,which accounts for 40%of all e-commerce emissions,is partly due to inefficient and traditional delivery methods.Despite widespread claims of green policies by logistics stakeholders,there remains a pervasive issue of greenwa-shing,where actual progress towards sustainability is

7、 frequently overstated.However,some companies show ge-nuine commitment by integrating more sustainable practices,such as incre-asing the use of lockers and PUDOs or eco-friendly vehicles.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY5EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In this context,it is important that,thanks to the foresight and support of S

8、wipBox,we have been able to,once again,take a close look at the green Last Mile from the perspective of operators and market stakeholders.E-commerce currently represents over 70%of European CEP volumes and is considered by many experts to be more sustainable than bricks&mortar shopping.Last mile del

9、ivery and packaging are responsible for some 40%of all e-com-merce emissions and,unfortunately,as was the case last year,despite continu-ed communication activities by many stakeholders regarding their green poli-cies,our feeling is that unfortunately much of this is greenwashing and that few player

10、s,especially amongst car-riers,are really making headway in cre-ating a green last mile.On a more positive note,some opera-tors such as DPD Group PostNord,Lithuanian Post,Vinted,Allegro,Posti,Nova Post and Evri are genuinely seeking to walk the talk in the green last mile.They are supported by produ

11、-cers who are offering ever more ecolo-gical and efficient machines such as the SwipBox infinity locker.As we can see from the above para-graph,the rapid growth of e-commerce has compelled many national postal operators to innovate more sustainable last-mile delivery options.Data from Green Postal D

12、ay 2023 highlights a po-sitive trend,showing that 22 global postal companies have increased the use of eco-friendly vehicles,with elec-tric and biogas vehicles now constitu-ting 26%of their fleets,up from 12%in 2012.However,achieving sustainability in last-mile deliveries is challenged by higher par

13、cel volumes and consumer preferences for faster,often less susta-inable shipping methods.While the push for sustainability conti-nues,significant challenges remain in balancing consumer demands and price expectations with environmental responsibilities.Two main obstacles are incentivising consumer a

14、doption of greener methods and mitigating the environmental impacts associated with the growth and internationalisation of e-commerce.Parcel lockers and pick-up/drop-off points(PUDOs),which generate lower transport emissions,could make last-mile delivery greener.Nevertheless,consumer preference for

15、home delivery complicates the adoption of these more sustainable options.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY6EXECUTIVE SUMMARY First time delivery failure for home deli-very,can reach 25%and is associated with high costs,presents further chal-lenges.Research suggests that where efficient and dense OOH networks are in

16、 place,shifting parcels to nearby parcel lockers or PUDOs could cut CO2 emis-sions by up to two-thirds in urban areas.We also believe that it is important to explore how the sharing economy can promote a greener approach in last-mile delivery.This involves,among other strategies:Joint Organisation o

17、f Transport:Inde-pendent transport operators,inclu-ding Courier,Express,and Parcel(CEP)providers,should collaborate to use vehicles collectively.Preferably,these vehicles would be low or zero-emission to minimise environmental impact.Implementation of Shared Parcel Lockers:Instead of competing car-r

18、iers running inefficient,overlapping networks,a unified system of shared parcel lockers open to all courier companies would enhance coverage and reduce waste.While the sharing economy presents challenges and requires unique busi-ness models,it aligns well with environ-mental goals.According to Kanta

19、rs Who Cares?Who Does?2023 report,a segment of the global population known as Eco-Activeswho are highly concer-ned about sustainability and actively reduce their environmental impact-comprises 22%of the global demo-graphic and represents significant pur-chasing power.This group will hopefully grow a

20、nd help create demand for a greener last mile.An efficient and collaboratively structu-red delivery network is not only vital for meeting current demands but also cru-cial for securing a competitive edge in the future.Brands that prioritise susta-inability and invest in innovative solu-tions to opti

21、mise their delivery networks will not only shrink their environmental footprint but also strengthen their market position.Through continuous innovation and a commitment to susta-inability,the delivery industry can signifi-cantly alter how green initiatives are perceived and implemented,setting the s

22、tage for a more sustainable future.Looking at some project highlights from this years report,SwipBox integrated energy efficiency and recyclability into the design of their outdoor Infinity locker since its inception in 2017.They chose robust,long-lasting materials to with-stand various climates and

23、 removed complex components like screens and modems to minimise repair needs,enhancing the products sustainability.These lockers were also designed mo-dularly to facilitate easy recycling at the end of their lifecycle.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY7EXECUTIVE SUMMARY A 2023 life cycle analysis of the 16-com-partm

24、ent Infinity locker revealed that it generated only 324.7kg of CO2 equiva-lent emissions over ten years,significan-tly less than many everyday items,for example,2.5kg of beef fillet.In the broader logistics and delivery sector,companies like Posti and GeoPost are making strides towards sustainabilit

25、y.Posti has converted diesel trucks to electric ones,a cost-effective solution encouraging smaller Finnish transport companies to follow suit.GeoPost has set ambitious goals appro-ved by the Science Based Targets initia-tive(SBTi),aiming for Net Zero by 2040 and reducing GHG emissions significan-tly

26、 by 2030 and 2040 through adopting low-emission vehicles and optimising first and last-mile deliveries.DHL eCommerce in The Netherlands has advanced in creating a fossil-free last mile,with 80%of its deliveries now conducted via electric or sustainably fuelled vans.Similarly,Allegro has deve-loped a

27、 network of Allegro One Box parcel machines,designed with com-munity input and powered by 100%certified green electricity.These machi-nes not only provide a sustainable pac-kaging solution but also enhance local environments with integrated greenery and air quality sensors,accessible via the Allegro

28、 app.Vinted,a major player in the European fashion re-commerce market,has made significant strides in assessing and redu-cing its environmental impact.In 2021,Vinted collaborated with Vayuu to use automated carbon software for an inde-pendent analysis of its climate impact,analysing over half a bill

29、ion transactions.The results,published in 2022,showed that buying second-hand fashion on Vinted saves an average of 1.8 kg COe per item compared to buying new.Ho-wever,it also highlighted that 96%of Vinteds operational carbon footprint in 2021 was due to parcel deliveries.Despite the potential of el

30、ectric vehicles(EVs)to significantly reduce carbon emissions,their large-scale implemen-tation is hindered by challenges such as inadequate charging infrastructure and the prevalence of older,less eco-frien-dly vehicles.Therefore,in the short term,the focus is shifting towards eco education for merc

31、hants and consu-mers and the use of out-of-home(OOH)delivery options to mitigate carbon emissions.It is fair to assume that despite the cur-rent e-commerce slowdown,the demand for parcel deliveries in Europe will intensify environmental pressures after 2032,a critical period for limiting global warm

32、ing.Currently,the European Courier,Express,and Parcel(CEP)indu-stry is well-equipped with green last-mile solutions,but wider adoption is needed,which requires changes in consumer and business behaviour.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY8EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Several innovative solutions are being explored to enhance th

33、e green last mile.These include parcel reception boxes,smart door locks,and in-car deliveries,with parcel lockers and PUDO locations expected to be major drivers of alterna-tive delivery methods.Initiatives like Quadients Open Locker network in the UK and new OOH partnerships in Poland are seen as p

34、ositive steps towards denser and more effective OOH networks.As urban areas become more conge-sted,non-fossil fuel vehicles and e-car-go bikes are becoming increasingly vital for sustainable urban logistics,offering significant reductions in air pollution and traffic congestion.Regulatory changes in

35、 many large cities worldwide are pro-moting these sustainable transportation modes,enhancing their viability and adoption.Looking to the future,the last-mile deli-very sector is poised for transformative changes with the advent of autonomous delivery systems,en-route manufac-turing,and robotic store

36、s on wheels.Advanced technologies like drones(UAVs)and autonomous ground vehic-les(AGVs)are being improved but it will still be some time before they can provi-de cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives for parcel delivery at scale,especially given the safety concerns,regulatory iss

37、ues,and public acceptance.Meanwhile,concepts like crowdsourced delivery are emerging as flexible and eco-friendly alternatives that leverage existing trips and clean transport modes,although they require robust manage-ment to ensure reliability and trust.Overall,as climate awareness grows,consumers

38、are increasingly valuing sustainable delivery options,which are expected to become more prevalent and sought after,driven by both consu-mer demand and technological advan-cements.Today,the cost of a green alternative is still an issue for consu-mers,and this is a further reason why OOH delivery is k

39、ey,as it offers the chance to provide low cost and low carbon delivery.While there have been concerted efforts to shift towards more sustainable last-mile delivery options.The deploy-ment of OOH delivery still faces adoption challenges due to consumer preference for direct home delivery in many mark

40、ets.EXECUTIVE SUMMARY9EXECUTIVE SUMMARY To support technological and operatio-nal shifts,there is a critical need for a robust strategy that includes consumer education on the environmental impacts of their delivery choices,incentivisation of greener delivery options,and regula-tory support to facil

41、itate the transition to sustainable logistics practices.Compa-nies must also address the challenge of greenwashing by committing to transparent and measurable sustainabi-lity goals.In conclusion,the logistics industry stands at a crossroads where it can either continue contributing to global warming

42、 or take decisive steps to revo-lutionise its practices and significantly reduce its environmental impact.Thro-ugh collaboration,innovation,and strict adherence to sustainable practices,the sector can achieve a greener last mile,align with global climate goals,and ensure a sustainable future for the

43、 logi-stics industry.How fast this develop-ment is depending on all of us,so lets all play our part!Media partners:Prepared with the support ofDEFINITIONSDEFINITIONS9DEFINITIONSTERMS&DEFINITIONS Automated Parcel lockerBusiness to ConsumerBusiness to BusinessConsumer to ConsumerConsumer to anyoneCent

44、ral Eastern EuropeCourier Express ParcelCarbon dioxideCO2 equivalentCash on DeliveryCustomer ExperienceDoor to Door deliveryEnvironmental,Social and GovernanceElectric VehicleGreenhouse GasKey Performance IndicatorLeg of a journey comprising the movement of goods from a distribution centre to a fina

45、l destinationLast Mile ExpertsOut Of HomeNet Promoter ScoreProject Management OfficePublic Private PartnershipPick Up And Drop Off LocationAPMB2CB2BC2CC2XCEE CEPCO2CO2eCODCXD2DESGEV GHGKPILAST MILELMEOOHNPSPMOPPPPUDO11 12DEFINITIONSTERMS&DEFINITIONSTerms used in the report SBTi 1 Scientific Based Ta

46、rget initiative providescompanies with a framework to set targets that are aligned with the goal of limiting global warming to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels.As part of this framework,companies are required to set targets for their Scope 1 and 2 emissions.Scope 1 emissionsScope 1 covers e

47、missions from sources that an organisation owns or controls directly for example from burning fuel in our fleet of vehicles(if theyrenot electrically-powered).Scope 2 emissionsScope 2 are emissions that a company causes indirectly when the energy it purchases and usesis produced.For example,for our

48、electric fleet vehicles the emissions from the generation of the electricity theyre powered by would fall into this category.Scope 3 emissionsScope 3 encompasses emissions that are not produced by the company itself,and not the result of activities from assets owned or controlled by them,but by thos

49、e that its indirectly responsible for,up and down its value chain.An example of this is when we buy,use and dispose of products from suppliers.Scope 3 emissions include all sources not within the scope 1 and 2 boundaries.1 Source:https:/ IS THE LAST MILE?The term Last mile has been borrowed from the

50、 telecommunications industry,where it describes thedifficulty of connecting users homes or businesses to the main telecommunication network.Our definition of the last mile,inlogistics,covers all of the parcel flowsfrom the moment an item leaves the outbound ramp at a manufacturers/retail/e-commerce

51、warehouse.Thiscan actually involve the first mile to a carrier logistics facility,the middle mile between various hubs anddepots,and the last mile from the local delivery facility to the end consignee.The last mile is important because it is critical for any retail/e-commerce customer experience as

52、an item that is undelivered,damaged or late is arguably the most important service failure on the part of the merchant.Moreover,based on LME,internal research and calculations,the last mile makes up some 30-60%of all supply chain costs for B2C parcels and,more relevant to this report,is a key elemen

53、t of the carbon footprint created bye-commerce B2C parcel flows.13DEFINITIONSGREEN LAST MILE VS SUSTAINABLE LAST MILE1 ”15 minute city model”refers to a planning concept where essential services,amenities,and places of work are located within a 15-minute walking or cycling distance from peoples home

54、s.Green Logistics,although not having a clear or legally difined meaning,is com-monly understood to focus on economic return with a concurrent positive effect on the environment.Sustainability,is a broader,forward-looking concept that considers the needs of society,the environment,and economic benef

55、its all at once.In this report,we generally use the term green,but many of the projects we discuss are actually more aligned with the idea of sustainability.The importance of environmental susta-inability is growing for many consumers,who are increasingly choosing services and products with lower en

56、vironmental impact,even if they are not the most cost-effective options.This trend is particularly prevalent in the Nordic region.Some busi-nesses have come to realise the financial benefits of sustainability,especially as the effects of climate change become incre-asingly evident.Legislative and po

57、licy decisions are also beginning to promote sustainability,such as the implementation of low and zero emission zones in cities,the phasing out of combustion engined cars,and the promotion of walking in 15-minutecity models 1.Global human activities are believed to have caused approximately 1.0C of

58、global warming above pre-industrial levels(Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change,2018),Accor-ding to a 2021 study published in Climate Dynamics,global warming is likely to cross the threshold for dangerous warming of 1.5C between 2027 and 2042(2018 studies showed a time frame of 2030 2052).This

59、 could result in increased incidents of extreme weather and threats to biodiversi-ty,posing a significant threat to human life.Unfortunately,in 2023,the earths climate has approached and,in one case of the measurement method,even exceeded the predicted dangerous 1.5C above the normal warming thresho

60、ld of the last 50 years.Of the four major assessments of the earths temperature published so far in 2023,the earth according to Berkeley has a temperature of 1.54C,the European Meteorological Service has 1.48C,the World Meteorological Service has 1.45C and NASA has 1.44C.What is so important about a

61、 little war-ming?If the Earths current average war-ming of 1.54C is an average for land and ocean,then the warming on land is twice that of the cold oceans-an average of 3.08C.Then consider that extreme heat events are many times higher than avera-ge,and what appears to be a slight war-ming of 1.5C

62、becomes a very large number with obviously dangerous con-sequences.14Media partners:Prepared with the support ofABOUTTHE AUTHORSAND PARTNERSABOUTTHE AUTHORSAND PARTNERSLast Mile Experts is one of the very few specialist e-commerce last mile and CEP(courier,express&parcel)consultancies.Our experts ha

63、ve joint experience of several hundred years in our specialist areas and real hands-on knowledge in a broad spectrum of last mile related topics.While many of us have been consultants before,all of us are practitioners and therefore the solutions we suggest have usually already been tested by us bef

64、ore.We have relationships with many key suppliers of hardware and software for optimising sortation,middle and last mile courier and parcel logistics.Our goal is to help CEP companies,postal operators,e-commerce players,potential investors or other stakeholders to improve their performance,operation

65、s,organisation and technology as well as strategy development or M&A.Experience&knowledgeOur experts have the necessary know-how,resulting from years of experience in the CEP industry.FlexibilityFor the duration of the project,Last Mile Experts becomes part of your company.We adapt to your processes

66、 and structures.CommitmentWe believe that only full commitment can bring success,so we devote ourselves fully to our clients projects.AnalysisWe conduct in-depth analysis of operational processes,taking into account the specificity of a given enterprise.They result in recommendations of specific sol

67、utions together with the implementation program.EthicsBecause we believe that the basis for effective cooperation is trust,we always maintain the highest ethical standards.InnovationWe are constantly looking for new solutions.We have a great understanding of the processes in the CEP industry and kno

68、w the future technologies dedicated to the last mile.16ABOUT THE AUTHORS AND PARTNERSAdvises clients on strategic and commercial matters with a focus on e-commerce(especially PUDOs&Lockers)and M&A related activities.He has been part of the start-up team in Poland for DHL,and was the founder of Mster

69、link Express,now DPD Polska.As CEO of GeoPost CSEE,he created a region of 16 countries under the DPD brand.Until 2015,he was VP Amazon Logistics EU,and part of the Amazon Logistics start up team.Marek was deal Advents advisor and then Supervisory Board Member at InPost.More than 30 years in courier

70、business starting as a courier,managing several projects in Poland and abroad,and finishing as COO for UPS Poland.While at MS Stolica,he has worked with several companies including OCS,Airborne Express,Fedex,Aramex and GDA.In 2005 Mirek joined UPS following the acquisition of Stolica.As an industria

71、l engineering manager,he coordinated the integration of the network,including operational procedures and system implementation,as well as many other operational UPS projects across Europe.MAREK RYCKIManaging PartnerMIREK GRALVicePresident,PartnerAUTHORS17ABOUT THE AUTHORS AND PARTNERS18OUR PARTNERSW

72、IPBOXFocus on the user experienceSwipBox is focused on creating the worlds best user experience for delivering and picking up parcels using parcel lockers.Through a combination of intuitive network management software and hassle-free,app-operated parcel lockers,SwipBox delivers maximum convenience t

73、o logistics providers,retailers and end users alikeBeing 100%app-controlled,the SwipBox Infinity solution allows couriers to deliver,pick up and reallocate parcels,while end users can both collect and return parcels through a few simple steps in the app.No wiring means fast and flexible installation

74、Since Infinity communicates via Bluetooth and runs on a battery,there is no need for Wi-Fi routers and power outlets,making installation extremely fast and flexible.It also means that carriers can easily scale their network to adapt to changing needs.In one single year,SwipBox partners installed mor

75、e than 15,000 Infinity parcel lockers,proving the simplicity of installation.Global presence and experienceThe company is headquartered in Denmark and has additional global offices.Together with partners they have thousands of SwipBox parcel lockers in 30+countries.26Kantar is the worlds leading mar

76、keting data and analytics company.We have a complete,unique and rounded understanding of how people think,feel and act;globally and locally in over 90 markets.By combining the deep expertise of our people,our data resources and benchmarks and our innovative analytics and technology,we help our clien

77、tsunderstand peopleandinspire growth.CONTRIBUTORABOUT THE AUTHORS AND PARTNERSWill SimpsonClient DirectorClient Director in the Postal and Logistics Unit.Will has researched the postal industry for many years and worked with major logi-stics players including Royal Mail,IPC,Canada Post and Australia

78、 Post.He helped launch JICMAIL,a currency for the direct mail industry proving the efficacy of direct mail advertising.19ABOUT THE AUTHORS AND PARTNERSCONTRIBUTORMarta CudzioDeputy Director of the Modern Mobility Center for,Head of the Logistics Research Group at the Lukasiewicz-Poznan Institute of

79、Technology.Project manager and logistics consultant for over 17 years.During her career,she has led and co-implemented dozens of consulting projects for companies in the field of supply chain logistics optimisation for big,as well as SMEs companies including Grupa ywiec,Leroy Merlin,NEUCA,PGF S.A.,M

80、edia Markt,ENEA,abka.Apart from logistics consultancy,for several years she has been coordinating and co-implementing R&D projects co-financed by national institutions and EU bodies,researching new trends and creating innovative solutions to support logistics in Europe.She coordinates Lukasiewicz-PI

81、Ts activities within the EiT Urban Mobility partnership.In her career,she has also collaborated with the School of Logistics,teaching classes on logistics controlling,forecasting and simulation,digital transformation of supply chains.She has authored or co-authored industry and specialised articles

82、and reports on e-commerce logistics and supply chain optimisation.Lukasiewicz-Poznan Institute of Technology is a modern scientific and research unit,part of the Lukasiewicz Research Network.It creates innovations,participates in international research projects,and responds to business needs.The Ins

83、titute includes four Research Centers:Sustainable Economy,Digital Transformation,Laboratory Research and Modern Mobility.It is within the latter that the Logistics Research Group operates,which conducts consulting services,applied research,development and implementation work in the field of logistic

84、s and supply chains,both at the level of process organisation and infrastructure.Lukasiewicz-PIT is a continuation of the Poznan-based Institute of Logistics and Warehousing.20Mathilde CarlierTransportation and Logistics research expert,STATISTA.Research expert at Statista,specialising in vehicles a

85、nd road traffic worldwide,as well as sustainable transport and logistics.Author of various Statista reports including ones on the postal service market and electric vehicles worldwide,she focuses mainly on new energy vehicles,green trucking,and startup brands,with a particular interest in how these

86、reshape the transport and logistics sector.Her research pairs industry insights with in-depth contextual analysis and structure.The transportation and logistics research team is a part of the Editorial Content division at Statista.As a team,their focus is on providing insights on dynamic market chan

87、ges and development in the transport industry,including maritime shipping,vehicles and road traffic,active mobility,metal manufacturing,and sustainable transportation.With more than one million statistics,Statista is one of the worlds leading data platforms for strategic market analysis,statistics,e

88、ditorial research,and data storytelling.S is a hub for data,insights,and trends on 9,000 topics across 170 industries,composed of proprietary surveys,exclusive secondary sources,and aggregated data from around 44,000 sources.Since 2007,Statista has grown to approximately 1,400 employees at 13 locati

89、ons worldwide and offers its more than 5.5 million registered users from business,science,and the public sector access to high-quality and reliable data and statistics.Statista also supports other companies with this expertise:Statista+carries out analyses and studies for clients,as well as conceive

90、s,realises and graphically edits topics for specific target groups.ABOUT THE AUTHORS AND PARTNERSCONTRIBUTOR21Vytautas AtkocaitisVice President of Vinted Go.Working on a mission to transform the parcel logistics industry by leveraging cutting-edge technology and creating a unique pan-European log-te

91、ch business.Previously Vytautas led tech innovation in supply chain and operations management,both at Vinted Marketplace and at Amazon.With a mission to make second-hand the first choice worldwide,Vinted enables people to sell and buy second-hand clothes and lifestyle items from each other,helping g

92、ive those items a second or even third life.Vinted Go,the logistics arm of Vinted,was launched in 2022.Dedicated to the reinvention of parcel shipping,Vinted Go offers Vinted marketplace users a convenient,affordable,and less polluting(compared to home deliveries)shipping option through the use of a

93、n extensive network of carriers and PUDO points.Currently,Vinted Go is present in 20 countries through more than 50 carriers,sending parcels across 200,000+delivery points.Vinted Go shipping solution is not only available to Vinted Marketplace users,but other customers as well.This product is called

94、 Routes by Vinted Go and is available in France,Belgium,Italy,Spain,Portugal,the Netherlands,and the United Kingdom.Users in France,one of Vinteds biggest markets,benefit from Vinted Gos enhanced shipping value proposition.Vinted Go is building its own PUDO network in France,consisting of five sorti

95、ng facilities,over 200 electric vehicles,and bloq.it-powered parcel lockers.This network is operational in 90+French cities,with more than 2000 available points.ABOUT THE AUTHORS AND PARTNERSCONTRIBUTOR22Media partners:Prepared with the support ofBACKGROUNDTO THE REPORTBACKGROUNDTO THE REPORTBACKGRO

96、UND TO THE REPORT24BACKGROUND TO THE REPORTThe CEP industrys previous rapid growth,fuelled by COVID 19 enhanced e-com-merce,has come to a sudden halt due to inflation and general uncertainty resulting from the war in Ukraine,though it still surpasses pre-COVID levels.Additionally,there is a possibil

97、ity of a general business slowdown and potential economic crises in 2023 that could impact the growth of the European parcel market,although the extent of the effect remains increasingly uncertain and dependent on various factors.As a result of this new market reality,some CEP players may be hesitan

98、t to introduce new sustainable initiatives unless they align with cost-saving me-asures.Having said this,there is some more optimistic news:the European CEP Market is back to growth in 2023 follo-wing a challenging year in 2022(-1.8%in parcel volume).A very preliminary esti-mate by Effigy Consulting

99、 puts volume growth in the European parcel market in 2023 at around 3-4%,which translates into more than 20 million parcels.Our report focuses on the impact of the last mile on the environment and aims to identify key trends and initiatives targeted at addressing this growing environmental issue.We

100、seek to understand the under-lying causes of the carbon footprint and assess the future impact on the environ-ment,assuming no action is taken or the use of best-in-class Green Last Mile projects.The CEP market is served by a mix of carriers,including national postal opera-tors and commercial carrie

101、rs or parcel locker operators.In recent years,faster delivery times and the need for localised stock have become increasingly relevant.However,consumers are becoming more aware of the sustainability related con-sequences of the last mile and expect the stakeholders of the process to adapt their acti

102、vities to alleviate the impact.LME has extensive knowledge of this market and has already shared various studies and reports in the public domain.Along with our partners,we aim to provi-de an initial status report on an area that is widely discussed,but where few signi-ficant initiatives are current

103、ly visible.We have directly contacted all key operators and used industry media and business social media(especially our sister busi-ness,the Last Mile Prophets)to gather project submissions.This has resulted in 22 varied projects across several markets that cover various aspects of the last mile in

104、cluding two cases covering future potential development.One of the most significant and disappoin-ting findings is the prevalence of green-washing,across the board.Few players have a coherent and effective green last mile strategy and can truly walk their green talk.However,some businesses are takin

105、g this issue seriously,and other stakeholders,particularly local authorities and governments,are becoming actively involved in monitoring and controlling the environmental impact of the last mile.BACKGROUND TO THE REPORT25What can you find in this report?The report covers green last mile pro-jects f

106、rom all Logistics&CEP organisa-tions who have shared information about their green initiatives on the European arena as well as selected other projects that we have been able to identify with desk research or in expert interviews.In the footnotes you will find interactive links to the data sources(w

107、here appli-cable).We also seek to identify the most pro-mising initiatives and to extrapolate what their impact could be if they were to be implemented on a wider scale.We take a look at Ukraine,where there is a war going on but at the same time care for the environment and the deve-lopment of low-c

108、arbon solutions for the last mile.What are the sources and methodology?The main sources for the report are:Extensive desk research on the CEP market covering company press rele-ases,websites and other sources.Use of UPIDOs advance internet search algorithm outcomes to estimate CO2 emissions in 27 EU

109、 countries plus Norway,Switzerland and the UK.Published information on the environ-mental impact of the CEP last mile.Interviews with senior-level expert con-tacts in the market.LMEs own,in depth,expert knowledge.Collaboration with subject matter experts including our partner SwipBox,our contributor

110、s,Will Simpson from Kantar,Marta Cudzio from ukasiewicz Pozna Institute of Technology,Mathil-de Calier from Statista,Vytautas Atko-caitis from Vinted Go and our Last Mile Experts partners.Where the actual or published data is not available,we have made estimations based upon our market knowledge.Who

111、 will benefit from our report?The report is intended for:Owners and operators of CEP networks.Online retailers.Governmental departments and local authorities.Investors in these buisinesses.Market regulators and policymakers.Journalists and editors of newspapers and magazines.Analysts,consultants and

112、 other stake-holders.Projects and case studiesAll business cases have been described by the solutions owners and have not been subject to any modification by Last Mile Experts.Both the content and the vocabulary used in the descriptions come from the authors and owners of the projects.Last Mile Expe

113、rts do not bear legal and civil liability for possible inaccuracies and errors in projects descriptionsBACKGROUND TO THE REPORT26NOTES TO THE REPORT It is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain concrete data from carriers and posts partly,we assume,due to new EU legislation which requires all Gre

114、en claims to be substantiated with con-crete and objective analysis.Data has been obtained from contribu-tors to the report,publicly available sources and from commercially availa-ble sources.The data published repre-sents the latest information available from these sources at the time we carried ou

115、t our research.The authors have reviewed company websites and publications or news items.Moreover,we have conducted numerous interviews(CEOs or senior-level CEP experts and data&research consultancies)to develop our core knowledge and understanding of the environment.Finally,we have used the Last Mi

116、le Experts teams own market know how and expectations for future developments.Media partners:Prepared with the support ofGREENLAST MILETOPOLOGYGREENLAST MILETOPOLOGYGREEN LAST MILE TOPOLOGY28GREEN LAST MILE TOPOLOGYProjects generally fall into 3 key categories:Operational:where the last mile is made

117、 greener due to operational efficiency(i.e.shorterroutes and better first time delivery),eco driving as a result of driver training and monitoring or simply by using less polluting vehicles such as EVs or cargo bikes.Infrastructural:where infrastructure allows for consolidated collections or deliver

118、ies as is the case with PUDO,lockers or urban consolidation points or where the logistics infrastructure itself,is greener due to investment in solar cells,heat exchange pumps or simply better heat insulation.Administrative:where the carbon footprint is offset by planting trees or where emissions ar

119、emonitored and controlled by local or central government and then charges are applied to discourage the most damaging carriers.In some cases this could even lead to a complete ban on certain vehicle/engine types in a given geography.132GREEN LAST MILE TOPOLOGY29GREEN LAST MILE TOPOLOGY Operational L

120、ow emission vehicles Eco driving Route optimisation Interactive Delivery ManagementInfrastructural Out-of-home delivery Consolidation points Green facilitiesAdministrative AuditingCarbon offset Source:Nova Post.Source:SwipBox.Source:freepik GREEN LAST MILE TOPOLOGY30GREEN LAST MILE TOPOLOGY So why a

121、re lockers and PUDOs soeffective?Today,with the exceptionof home office which took root after COVID19,people are generally not at home to receive deliveries during the working day,when most carriers deli-ver.A major challenge for all stakehol-ders in the process is inefficient home delivery.Accordin

122、g to various reports and depending on the country,an ineffective first delivery attempt can be around 8%even to more than 25%of all door-to-door deliveries.Our 2022 London survey revealed that the majority of customers still prefer home delivery as a last-mile option,as opposed to greener alternativ

123、es such as parcel machines or parcel shops.Of the customers surveyed who regularly shop online,53%prefer home delivery.But,only about 90%of deliveries were successful,the reason being the dec-lared presence of the recipient at home.There are many other reasons that a delivery attempt might fail.Some

124、 of the most common reasons are:The address was incomplete or inaccurate.The driver could not find the ad-dress.The driver did not have access to a safe place to leave the package unattended.The recipient could not be met,and a signature was needed.Customer was unable or unwilling to pay cash on del

125、ivery(COD).As per Censuswide and Loqate,in 2020,the cost per failed delivery ave-raged 14.69 in Germany and 11.60 in the UK.In conclusion,late or failed deliveries can have significant negative consequ-ences for both customers and busines-ses.Customers may become frustra-ted and voice their complain

126、ts through negative online reviews and social media posts,which can damage a businesss reputation and deter poten-tial customers.The financial impact of these service failures can also be sub-stantial,with penalties for retailers and the average cost per failed delivery being relatively high.As such

127、,it is cru-cial for businesses to prioritise effective delivery management and seek to minimise the occurrence of late or failed deliveries to maintain positive customer experiences and preserve their reputation in the market.Keeping with the focus of this report,first time delivery also reduces the

128、 carbon foot-print due to elimination of return dri-ving and processing by couriers as well as unaccepted late delivered items,which are sometimes returned by the consumer and may then be scrapped.GREEN LAST MILE TOPOLOGY31GREEN LAST MILE TOPOLOGY Parcel lockers and pick-up/drop-off points(PUDOs)are

129、 fixed B2B-like loca-tions,generally with good visibility,par-king,and extended opening hours,which allows for simpler and more efficient routing strategies.Moreover,APMs and PUDOs significantly reduce the number of failed deliveries.Last Mile Experts estimates show that first-time delivery success

130、rates are usually above 99%for most items(excluding cash on delivery or seller push products that may not have been explicitly requested by the consi-gnee).Using some bpost terminology slipper distance1(ca 350m in an urban area)is key for customer centric and effective delivery in the last mile and

131、this is why in places where a dense and,proximate OOH network exists,amongst others in Sweden,France,United King-dom,Poland,Hungary,Finland,Czech Republic,Belgium or the Baltic States,these options are highly regarded by consignees.In fact,recent Kantar research showed that InPost is the best-recogn

132、ised parcel delivery brand in Poland,indicated by as many as 98%of the surveyed Internet users,and the best-known parcel lockers delivery company with 97%of indica-tions.Furthermore,respondents indicated:94%choose Parcel Locker InPost as their delivery method.83%choose Parcel Locker InPost as their

133、delivery method,81%consider Parcel Locker InPost the most environmentally friendly delive-ry method.Figure 1:Comparison of Last Mile Delivery Modes.Source:Last Mile Experts.This table is based upon one developed by BESTUFS.net with Mile Experts.*Pantry=non perishable groceries*Fresh availability is

134、subject to chill chain requirements being met*Unless COD or push sell item*Generally for fresh or“white gloves”*Where locker use is optimised*Can be mitigated with camerasComparison of Last Mile Delivery ModesAttended DeliveryDrop box/Delivery boxSmartlock/Controlled AccessAPM(locker)PUDO/Access Poi

135、ntLast mile served byCarrierCarrierCarrierConsigneeConsigneeConsignee presentYesNoNoNoNoItems ShippedAllCEP/Pantry*CEP/Pantry*/FreshCEP/Pantry*/Fresh*(size restricted)CEP/Pantry*/Fresh*(size restricted)First Time Delivery SuccessHigh*Delivery time WindowFixed carrier push/Customer Pull*Carrier opera

136、ting hoursCarrier operating hoursCarrier/location hoursPUDO hoursCollection timesNA24/724/724/7/location hoursPUDO hoursConsignee retrieval timeNoneMinimalMinimalSubject to APM location rulesSubject to PUDO location rulesLongMinimalMinimalSubject to APM locationSubject to PUDO locationCapex/ParcelMe

137、diumLowlowMedium/Low*Low/MediumDelivery cost/ParcelHighMediumMediumLowest*LowOperations issuesFailed delivery,low parcels per stopNeed for suitable size/density of boxes and accessCustomer security concerns*Customer travel to locationCustomer travel to locationCarbon reduction vs D2DNAModerateModera

138、teHighest*High1 Source 1:bpost term,based upon research from Posten Norge.GREEN LAST MILE TOPOLOGY32GREEN LAST MILE TOPOLOGY2 Source 2:Green Generation 2021”,Mobile Institute,in partnership with Allegro and ukasiewicz-ILiM.3 Source 3:Transportation Research Part D,Volume 93,April 2021,102764Are parc

139、el locker deliveries really more eco-friendly than direct Home delivery?Lets take a closer look.Most available research shows that if all courier trans-port moved to proximate andefficient parcel lockers and/or PUDOs it would be possible to reduce CO2 emissions by up to 2/3 in urban areas and even m

140、ore in rural ones.Of funda-mental importance is distance followed by accesibility,and in a market like Poland where the average distance from the parcel machine or PUDO to the customers home is slipper distan-ce”or about 350m in urban areas and where the access point is always on my way the risk of

141、a dedicated car trip is mitigated.According to the Green Generation 2 report,37%of respondents reach parcel machines walking.Moreover,according to the same survey,62%of customers take out their parcels on their way,for example when returning from work,traditional shopping or walking.Some people are

142、also willing to choose a bike(or electric scooter),certainly better for the environment,because cyclists had 84%lower CO2 emissions from all daily travel than non-cyclists and life cycle CO2 emissions decreased by 14%for each additional cycling trip 3.Based upon LME team experience,any super proxima

143、te access point(ie less than 350m from home)as is often the case in Poland,means that the parcel is almost invariably picked up by foot or on the way somewhere.Having stated that APMs and PUDOs have the highest CO2 reduction rate of all forms of delivery,it is worth highli-ghting the rationale for t

144、he develop-ment of OOH networks towards agno-stic networks,which,being open to any logistics operator,show even greater potential for reducing emissions at the last mile.The popularity of parcel ma-chine deliveries is one of the main dri-vers for the development of these ne-tworks.Supporting the abo

145、ve,the SwipBox Kontaktfri study demonstrated a direct correlation between the number of parcels delivered to lockers and the potential CO2 savings,highlighting theeffectiveness of the locker concept.In this particular case,where SwipBox lockers that are located in close proximity to end-users for 12

146、 parcels are delivered per stop(versus a typical number of just over 1 for home delive-ry),the potential savings could reach 63%,while with 24 parcels,the savings could increase up to 82%.Media partners:Prepared with the support ofWHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE

147、RELEVANT TODAY?WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?THE GREEN LAST MILEHURDLEHow is the rise of e-commerce increasing pressure on national postal operators and commercial carriers to invest in sustainable last mile options?On September 21,2023,the fifth edition of the Green Postal Day saw 22 of

148、 the global postal companies restate their commitment to becoming more environmentally friendly.This included companies highlighting the measures already put in place to make deliveries green,such as the use of electric or biogas vans.Postal operators have,in fact,more than doubled the share of gree

149、ner vehicles in their fleet between 2012 and 2022,up from 12%to 26%1.Further illustrating postal companies efforts towards a more sustainable sector,well over a third of the electricity consumed by postal operators for their facilities came from renewable sources in 20222,and initiatives to improve

150、the industrys sustainability remained underway through 2023.However,despite these pledges from operators across the globe,the postal service sector still has a long road ahead to reach sustainability.Among the challenges faced by national operators,those linked to making the last-mile delivery more

151、sustainable present complex hurdles,partly linked to how emissions are allocated at the parcel level and to the increase in shipments recorded in the past years due to the rise in e-commerce sales.Global e-commerce revenue forecast Figure 1:Current exchange rates and reflects the market impacts of t

152、he Russia-Ukraine war.Source:Statista,Oct 2023.1 Source:1.DHL Group.2 Source:2.International Post Corporation.34Share of respondents for whom carbon neutral shipping is important,by selected European countriesFigure 2:Original survey question:When thinking about online shopping,which of the followin

153、g criteria are important to you in terms of delivery?(multi-pick).Source:Statista.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?While e-commerce revenue is estimated to have dropped in 2023 as a result of geopolitical uncertainty,supply chain pressure,and negative consumer sentiment,Statista forecasts i

154、t will reach nearly 5.15 trillion USD by 2029.Trends in social commerce and an enhanced online shopping experience are expected to be the leading factors of this growth,which could also impact the volume of parcels shipped worldwide.In 2022,around 161 billion parcels were shipped globallya volume wh

155、ich has steadily increased since 20133,boosted by an increased consumer reliance on online purchases.This reliance further led to a rise in the share of last mile costs as part of the total shipping costs,emphasising the growing last mile market and importance of the last mile for providers,consumer

156、s,national operators,and commercial carriers.Improvements in making last-mile delivery sustainable must therefore be put in place at all levels of the e-commerce and postal services ecosystem,from retailers to consumers.In fact,a popular option for national operators and commercial carriers is to pu

157、t sustainability in the hands of the consumers and retailers,by offering greener options such as carbon-neutral shipping,usually with an associated price surcharge.This solution might,however,not obtain the results expected.In three of the leading European markets,under a quarter of consumers consid

158、ered carbon-neutral shipping as important for them in terms of delivery4,preferring fast and free shipping and returns to sustainable delivery options,such as reduced packaging waste,environmentally friendly packaging,and receiving several parcels in one delivery.Most survey respondents in these thr

159、ee countries were willing to pay a surcharge if a retailer guarantees environmentally friendly shipping,but for the largest share of them,this was dependent on the amount of the surcharge.There are therefore still gaps in the adoption of sustainable delivery by consumers,which directly influences th

160、e sustainability of the last mile.3 Source:3.Pitney Bowes.4 Source:4.Statista.35Global third-party logistics revenue forecastFigure 3:Current exchange rates.Data shown reflects the market impacts of the Russia-Ukraine war.Source:Statista,Feb 2024In conjunction with these challenges,consumers still o

161、verwhelmingly preferred home delivery over other last mile options.A 2023 survey by Geopost found that over three-quarter of regular e-shoppers in Europe usually had their parcels delivered at home,compared to nearly a quarter having them delivered to a parcel shop or parcel locker stationthe second

162、 and third most popular options among regular online shoppers.This apparent partiality in favor of home delivery adds another layer of complexity to making last mile logistics more sustainable,as it requires various stops and more elaborate routes than dropping packages off at centralised pick-up an

163、d drop-off points.We should,however,bear in mind that consumer preference is heavily affected by the checkout process and quality and/or proximity of available out of home options.Postal stakeholders are aware of these issues.In a July to September 2023 survey by the European Commission,these stakeh

164、olders mentioned they expected the same delivery methods chosen by shoppers in the Geopost survey to be the main three parcel delivery methods in the next 10 to 20 years.These stakeholders further highlighted that they believed the willingness of consumers to pay a premium or accept slower delivery

165、to mitigate the environmental impact of parcel delivery was low,and dependent on the value of goods ordered.In this context,national providers and commercial carriers must further contend with increased competition from various companies,including third-party logistics providers.The third-party logi

166、stics market size is projected to rise to 1.44 trillion USD by 20285.The growing cross-border e-commerce further heightens the need for international postal services,which benefits the third-party logistics sector and incentivises national postal providers and commercial carriers to collaborate,desp

167、ite the European Unions fairly granular physical postal networks.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?5 Source:5.Statista.36Leading delivery suppliers in France,according to consumersFigure 4:Original survey question:Which of the following suppliers have you received a parcel from in the past 1

168、2 months?(multiple)Online survey,respondent count:1,050,survey dates:September 18,2023,to September 21,2023 Source:Statista,Oct 2023According to the same Geopost survey,58%of regular European e-shoppers had purchased goods from foreign websites at least once,and the impact of Brexit on international

169、 e-commerce sales has not been noticed by European consumers,with only 1%of these regular online shoppers mentioning they had not bought from foreign websites since the United Kingdom left the European Union.This puts pressure on national providers and commercial carriers,but increased competition d

170、oes not inherently lead to a greener or more efficient last mile,instead emphasising faster-paced shipping options to meet consumer expectations.Increased competition has,however,benefited national providers and commercial carriers,who remain leaders in their domestic markets.In Germany,nearly nine

171、in 10 consumers had received a parcel from DHL within the past 12 months as of September 20236,a subsidiary of the national provider Deutsche Post AGoperating as the DHL Group since July 2023.This made the DHL Group the most common postal provider in the country.The UKs national provider also fares

172、well in this respect based on consumer reports.According to the Statista Consumer Insights,67%of UK consumers had received a parcel from the Royal Mail in the 12 months prior to September 2023.France further provides an interesting case study,as the national postal services are managed by the Groupe

173、 La Poste,which operates via various subsidiaries.Three of these subsidiariesColissimo,Chronopost,and La Posteranked among the five leading delivery services in France based on consumer self-reports regarding the 12 months before September 2023.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?6 Source:6.St

174、atista.37ChronopostMondial RelayLa PosteColissimoAmazonWhile the share of parcels received by consumers from these providers demonstrates the popularity of national postal operators in Europe,it also increases the responsibility of these national operators to provide more sustainable last mile deliv

175、ery options.This impetus is present in every European country,including those such as Poland and Romania where private postal operators and commercial carriers were preferred by consumers,in part due to the quality of their services.This tended to be reflected in the volume of e-commerce parcels han

176、dled by these carriers,adding another layer to the sustainability imperative faced by the sector.The transportation sector was responsible for the emission of 841.9 million metric tons of carbon dioxide in the European Union in 2021,over three-quarter of these coming from road transportation7.Based

177、on estimates by Salvador Ruiz,who runs the European Unions URBANIZED project,the last mile accounts for between 15%and 25%of all vehicle kilometers traveled,which is a sizeable share of road transportation in the region.A substantial portion of these vehicle kilometers traveled as part of the last m

178、ile could come from national operators and commercial carriers,given the share of parcels they haul among those delivered within their national borders.Programs from the European Union,such as the URBANIZED project,aim to provide modular sustainable mobility and last mile delivery solutions.Their ap

179、plication is already visible in many countries.At the end of January 2024,the Belgian national postal operator Bpost began delivering some mail and parcels in an electric vehicle with a detachable cargo compartment as part of the URBANIZED project.In Germany,the DHL Group had over 25,000 electric va

180、ns in service for mail and parcel deliveries8.In France and the UK,the Groupe La Poste and Royal Mail are also investing in electric mobility.While these initiatives are first steps in improving the green last mile,their long-term impact is still unclear.In 2022,the Groupe La Poste emitted around 2.

181、39 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent,excluding scope 3 emissions for La Banque Postale.88%of these emissions were related to transportation9.Future green last mile options trialed by national operators could face issues with consumer adoption,which could further draw out national operators

182、 already slow transition to a more environmentally friendly last mile.In France,37%of consumers would prefer to use a postal worker with e-transportation(e.g.,electric vans)and 36%a postal worker with traditional delivery methods(e.g.,a gasoline-powered van)as methods of delivery in the future,while

183、 27%of them were open to e-bike or bicycle delivery.This share was much lower when considering the potential for delivery via drones or robots10.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?7 Source:7.EEA,European Commission.8 Source:8.DHL Group.9 Source:9.La Poste Groupe.10 Source:10.Statista.38Import

184、antly,national delivery models tended to have far lower transport emissions than international delivery or store-based delivery models,with transport emissions the highest for international delivery by air,followed by European cross-border road deliveries and quick commerce11.Incentivising consumer

185、adoption and mitigating the environmental impact of the internationalisation of deliveries,boosted by an increased interest in e-commerce,are therefore two of the main challenges faced by national postal service providers who look to make the last mile more sustainable.Parcel lockers and PUDOs,with

186、lower transport emissions,could be a solution to make this last mile greener,but shoppers preferences in favour of home delivery present a hurdle for the adoption of these greener last mile options.In parallel,other carriers are also striving to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through measures simil

187、ar to those put in place by national postal operators.Ultimately,efforts from all sides of the supply chain ecosystem are fundamental to support national operators initiatives and to meet the decarbonisation targets set by the European Green Deal.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?11 Source:1

188、1.Oliver Wayman.39WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?E-COMMERCE-GREENOR JUST MORE SUSTAINABLE?Although the growth rate of e-commerce has slowed in recent months,it is still hugely popular in Europe.Moreover,if we look at re-commerce develoment in Europe,it is little short of incredible.In add

189、ition to the challenges of reducing or at least maintaining delivery costs,increasing demand for delivery,flexibility and timeliness,environmental aspects are becoming increasingly important.For this reason,we very often hear about eco e-commerce,green last mile,or green logistics.Green has become t

190、he most popular and most desirable colour in e-commerce logistics(and beyond).Increasing the green quality of e-commerce logistics operations,however,is not always rooted in the beliefs of retailers,logistics operators and consumers.The requirement to be green is most often on these entities by regu

191、lators.The European Green Deal aims to transform the European Union into an economy that achieves zero net greenhouse gas emissions in 2050 and reduces emissions by at least 55%by 2030 compared to 1990.Achieving these goals requires immediate action,and in every sector of the economy.E-commerce,as a

192、 hugely popular form of shopping,generates significant logistics activities related to,among other things,the picking of huge volumes of fragmented orders,the packaging of goods,their delivery to customers,including last-mile deliveries,and often the returns handling.The large scale of e-commerce lo

193、gistics operations means that this sector has become anarea for the production of largeamounts of packaging materials,the cause of many transportation orders,and ultimately a generator of high CO2 emissions.UPIDO research suggest that the carbon footprint associated with e-commerce could be as high

194、as 5.5 million tons in 2032.Numbers like this show just how important the efforts to bear the environmental quality of e-commerce logistics are in the fight to protect our planet.While all of us,from retailers to logistics operators to end users,will agree that ecology is crucial,it is important to

195、remember that the implementation of solutions that positively affect the environment must go hand in hand with economic calculation and respect for social norms.Thus,in the case of e-commerce logistics,including last-mile solutions,it is definitely better to focus on solutions more in line with the

196、idea of sustainability.Sustainability is a broader and more complex concept that takes into account both the needs of society,the environment and economic benefits.Only sustainable solutions will be able to be effectively implemented in business practice.Therefore,both legislative and political deci

197、sions made at the level of the European Union,or further specific European countries,promote sustainable development.40Global events show us how important it is to balance environmental,economic and social aspects,these have also affected the e-commerce area.While the COVID-19 pandemic contributed t

198、o sudden increases in demand,the war in Ukraine,inflation or the spectre of a general economic slowdown and potential economic crises still hanging over Europe,mean that e-commerce players,including CEP operators,continue take a close look at the costs associated with both current operations and the

199、 implementation of new initiatives.Therefore,it is all the more important to bear in mind that companies will be willing to implement green solutions only if their implementation goes hand in hand with economic benefits,or at least does not significantly increase costs within specific areas of busin

200、ess operations.Declarations vs.actions,that is eco-speak vs.eco-action and unfortunately the divergeance between the two seems to be growing.Lets take a look at Poland,an important out of home market with fast growing e-commerce and indeed re-commerce.A reading of industry reports or an analysis of

201、press reports suggests that there is a growing public awareness of caring for the environment.This caring can take on various dimensions,from a willingness to purchase ecologically produced or naturally sourced products,by paying attention to the types and manner of packaging,to choosing low-emissio

202、n forms of delivery.All of these practices have their particular application precisely in e-commerce.Last years GLM report1 analysed consumer behaviour in Poland,also examining the theme of consumers pro-ecological preferences.So,lets take a closer look at this area by analysing the updated research

203、.The Polish market has been studied in this regard by several independent organisations.Lets start with the e-Izba(The Chamber of Digital Economy)2023 report Responsible e-commerce.E-Izba brings together national entities engaged in the business of e-commerce or the provision of e-services.The organ

204、isation conducts periodic surveys that provide a description of customer attitudes and the state of advancement of companies in the areas of environmental and social responsibility.The survey conducted by e-Izba for the third edition of the report(for 2023)shows that knowledge of what sustainable de

205、velopment or socially responsible business(CSR)means,is declared by 23%of surveyed consumers vs.13%in 20222.This result signifies a growing level of knowledge in Polish society.This is a good sign.Does this knowledge translate into implemented actions?At the declarative level-yes:60%of Polish Intern

206、et users declare that they take into account when shopping online whether an e-shop is a sustainable company3.Lets take a more detailed look at the declarations of Polish consumers.Research shows that almost 80%of customers choose eco delivery when they have the option.However,there is a small but v

207、ery important detail here.The condition for such a choice is that they will not have to pay more for such eco-delivery.1 LME GREEN LAST MILE EUROPE REPORT 2023,p.44.2,3 RESPONSIBLE E-COMMERCE Report,e-Izba 2023.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?41Confirmation that Poles are not willing to pa

208、y more for eco solutions is also provided by the Blue Media report,which shows that the percentage of people willing to pay more for products in eco-friendly packaging(other than plastic)has dropped:in 2022 it was 31%(compared to 40%in 2021).So,very quickly from ecology we come to economics,confirmi

209、ng the conclusions posed in the introduction that we should look for solutions in line with the idea of sustainable development,that is,where ecology,economics and social factors remain in a trade-up relationship.OOH delivery is an example of such sustainable solutions because,in a market like Polan

210、d with optimised networks,it is both ecological and economical.Nevertheless,the implementation of new technologies or new types of packaging in e-commerce logistics,is often associated with increased costs for retailers and additional charges for consumers.Meanwhile,in times of crises,high inflation

211、 and an unstable economic situation,both consumers and businesses are less inclined to incur higher costs when they are actually looking for savings.However,a quid pro quo situation is not always avoidable,at least at the current stage of practical implementation of green solutions.This supports the

212、 conclusion that the implementation of environmentally friendly solutions requires certain compromises,concessions,but also a consistent approach to action,both on the part of customers,as well as on the part of retailers or logistics operators.The declared increasing eco-awareness of the public and

213、 the search for sustainable solutions is a good driving force for e-stores that are trying to meet these new expectations.Lets get back to consumers and their green declarations.A large dose of information in this regard is provided by Gemius reports.Gemius is an international research and technolog

214、y company established in Poland in 1999,conducting cyclical research in various areas of the market.An important recipient of Gemius reports are companies from the e-commerce sector,as the company periodically and multifacetedly studies the phenomenon of Internet commerce in Poland.The research cond

215、ucted is carried out in accordance with the principles of the international ICC/ESOMAR code.The Gemius E-commerce in Poland report for 2023 is the eleventh edition of the report and,like the previous editions,was prepared by three entities:Gemius,Polish Internet Research and the Association of Inter

216、net Industry Employers IAB Poland.The study was conducted using CAWI(Computer-Assisted Web Interview)surveys on an Internet panel.Data was collected between June 28 and July 6,2023.Completed interviews from 1,608 Internet users aged 15 and older were analysed.Gemius 2023 report shows that 42%of surv

217、eyed Poles say the environmental impact of the form of delivery is important to them.Environmentally friendly delivery motivates about 5 in 10 online shoppers.As per Fig.1,the most important green delivery issues for e-commerce customers are packaging issues:67%of 2023 respondents indicated the use

218、of eco-friendly packaging,and 58%indicated the possibility of using reusable packaging4.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?4 The Gemius 2023 report,E-commerce w Polsce.42This is an interesting result,showing that from the perspective of consumers,the eco-friendliness of the shopping experienc

219、e is more determined by packaging issues than delivery carbon issues.Whats more,the percentage of people pointing to these two issues,related to packaging,in the context of going green,has increased from 2022.Other studies also confirm the importance of packaging for e-commerce customers.The Polityk

220、a Insight,business,economic and political information portal report shows that 55%of Internet users pay attention to the green aspect of product packaging.Here,however,it is 6%less than in 2022.Interestingly,however,consumers willingness to pay a surcharge for eco-packaging has increased in 2023.It

221、is declared by 34%(+6p.p.)of respondents.If consumers are ready to accept surcharges,it will again be very small amounts.3-5 PLN(about 1 EUR)would be an acceptable surcharge for 39%.On the other hand,35%,would like to pay extra 1-2 PLN(about 0,25-0,50 EUR)5.Nevertheless,such a result,may be evidence

222、 that a group of customers is building up society,who in their eco-choices can be very conscious,but also consistent,especially when it comes to aspects of possible additional costs.Gemius research has shown that the issues of carbon footprint and transportation by electric vehicles are perceived by

223、 respondents as less important in terms of green delivery6.As shown in Fig.1,delivery using electric cars is not only the least important to customers in terms of the greenness of delivery,but also this factor is losing its importance year after year.In 2022,25%of respondents indicated that transpor

224、tation by electric cars was important to them in terms of the greenness of deliveries,while in 2023 this share declined to 18%.Meanwhile,from the perspective of sustainable efficiency of logistics processes,it is the last mile that builds the biggest challenges for logistics operators.So,it is the f

225、orm of delivery that is crucial if we are to achieve a greener last mile.What is the view of the last mile eco-friendliness of customers in Poland?The answer is once again provided by the Gemius report E-commerce w Polsce”a survey of perceptions of the greenness of various forms of delivery.Year aft

226、er year,consumers proved to be very decisive in this aspect.In 2023,7 out of 10 respondents(70%)indicated parcel machine delivery as the most eco-friendly form of delivery(see Fig.2).Interestingly,this form of delivery strengthened its position as the most environmentally friendly compared to the re

227、sults of 2022,when this form of delivery as the most environmentally friendly was indicated by 67%of respondents.The other forms of delivery scored much lower,meaning that they were rated being less green.In addition,for every form of delivery,except parcel machine delivery,the share of those consid

228、ering these forms of delivery to be green declined year-on-year.It can be surmised that it is this ecological rationale that helps to make parcel machine delivery the most popular among Poles at the same time:82%of respondents in the 2023 report most often choose parcel machine delivery(of which 93%

229、choose Paczkomat InPost).WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?5 Report E-commerce Challenges from a Consumer Perspective,Polityka Insight Research,November 2023.6 The Gemius 2023 report,E-commerce w Polsce43WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?Figure 2:Perception of forms of delivery throu

230、gh the prism of ecology.Source:Gemius 2023 Report E-commerce w Polsce”.Figure 1:Key areas related to green forms of delivery or return of goods.Source:Gemius 2023 Report E-commerce w Polsce”.Ecological perception of forms of deliveryPlease take a look at the following forms of delivery/shipping and

231、tell us how environmentally friendly you think each one is?(from 1 to 5)Key areas related to environmentally friendly forms of delivery/return of goodsWhich green delivery/return issues are most important to you?Basis for percentage:online shoppers(N=1235),sum of percentages of responses 4 and 5Perc

232、entage base:those who rated the importance of the environmental impact of the form of delivery/return as 4 or 5(important or very important)(N=530)44Greenwashing,or the Illusion of Eco-Friendliness in Corporate PracticesLast mile delivery and packaging of goods are elements of e-commerce logistics,a

233、ccounting for 40%of all e-commerce emissions7.At the same time,last mile delivery,depending on the type of delivery,can account for as much as 35%up to 70%of the total cost of delivery.Sustainable optimisation of last-mile delivery and packaging methods is therefore an extremely important issue,and

234、just as difficult.It requires a high level of awareness on the part of both consumers and entrepreneurs,consistency in action,and often some compromises or concessions.Meanwhile,many entrepreneurs find it difficult to shift their approach away from the key business goals of cutting costs and maximis

235、ing profits.Thus,if they have to make decisions to implement new green solutions,but their implementation is associated with incurring additional costs,i.e.based on trade-off relations(something for something),they will often still choose methods of operation that guarantee the achievement of econom

236、ic goals.On the other hand,today it is no longer appropriate not to be eco,moreover,this is not allowed by the numerous regulations of the European Commission,which are increasingly penetrating the areas of national legislation.The latter,however,are not yet defined strongly enough to give specific

237、prescriptions for action,or specific yardsticks that speak of the level of ecological development.And in this situation,if there is not a high and genuine awareness of sustainability behind the actions of companies,they often end up with so-called greenwashing.This is one of the most disappointing,b

238、ut unfortunately increasingly common phenomena today.Indeed,we can see that on one hand more and more companies are talking green far more than they are actually walking green.All the while,relatively few market players in the area of e-commerce logistics have a coherent and effective green last mil

239、e strategy that they consistently implement.What does this look like at the survey level?The declarative responses of Polish respondents to the e-Izba survey,described in the Responsible e-commerce report,indicate that as many as 9 out of 10 surveyed managers rated their company as one that acts res

240、ponsibly in 2023.In turn,delineated strategies for responsible development and e-business are now declared by more than half of e-firms(55%).9 out of 10 surveyed e-firms indicated that they benefit from doing business responsibly,with the noteworthy fact that these are mainly image benefits8.Such su

241、rvey results theoretically build some basis for optimism.However,how stable is this basis?Unfortunately,e-commerce entrepreneurs themselves undermine this basis somewhat:a Google survey9 shows that almost three-quarters of managers(72%)believe that greenwashing activities would be detected in most o

242、rganisations in their industry if audited.7 LME GREEN LAST MILE EUROPE REPORT 2023.8 RESPONSIBLE E-COMMERCE Report,e-Izba 2023.9 Google Cloud Sustainability Survey 2023WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?45Such results are definitely not optimistic.However,we must remember that while sustainab

243、ility and the importance of social and environmental issues,on par with economic ones,have long been talked about,there is a long way to go from talk to implementation.The e-commerce sector has only recently realistically embarked on this path.Therefore,in the beginning,the eco approach was more of

244、a fad,a trend that was modern and desirable.It was relatively easy to be eco,because being eco was largely declarative,both at the level of entrepreneurs and consumers.There were no real definitions of green activities and no indicators or standards that,when measured regularly,would allow one to as

245、sess whether a company was actually implementing meaningful environmental practices.This situation is(fortunately)changing.Local authorities and governments are actively engaged in monitoring and controlling environmental impacts.With the coming into force of the CSRD(Corporate Sustainability Report

246、ing Directive),greenwashing practices will be treated similarly to falsification of financial statements.E-commerce companies,like all other companies using greenwashing and taking advantage of the information hype so far in the market regarding ESG requirements,will increasingly risk exposure.So,it

247、s high time to move from talking to planning concrete actions that take the requirements of the sustainability concept seriously.Directions of development of sustainable e-commerce logisticsAnalysing the issues of sustainable development of e-commerce and the special consideration of ecological aspe

248、cts in the framework of logistics delivery service,it can be concluded that there is great potential for new organisational and technological solutions in this area.Their implementation should be more and more widespread,tangible and driven by the deep awareness of both consumers and entrepreneurs o

249、f the need to level the negative human impact on the environment.The scale of benefits associated with the implementation of environmentally friendly solutions can grow as the economies of scale of their use increase.For example,if logistics operators decide to implement cargo hubs and cargo bikes o

250、n a large scale,this will increase the demand for cargo bikes,so there is a real opportunity to increase their availability and reduce their price.Whats more,those implementing pro-environmental solutions can probably lead to various types of support from local authorities,central government,or Euro

251、pean institutions consisting in subsidising such implementations(in the form of grants,projects,etc.).WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?46It is also absolutely worth considering how the sharing economy can also be a greener economy.In the case of the last mile,this should mean,among other th

252、ings:joint organisation and implementation of transport(collective use of vehicles,preferably low or no emission)by independent transport operators,including CEP operators,implementation of shared parcel lockers,which are an infrastructure offering open to all courier companies.This would be far bet

253、ter than the current unhealthy situation in which several carriers are runnig sub-optimal networks alongside each other,with only one,InPost,having optimal coverage.The sharing economy,while difficult to implement and requiring specific business models,responds well to environmental concerns.WHY IS

254、THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?47In this section,well be drawing primarily on Kantars BrandZ database which has tracked 20,000 brands across 522 categories and in 51 markets world-wide for almost 25 years.Its brand valuations have been verified time and again against the financial outcomes of br

255、ands and the companies that own them.As a resource,it gives unrivalled insight into how brands build,maintain and lose value.In last years Green Last Mile Europe report,we argued that in general businesses were not owning the space in a differentiated way that supported their brands growth.From look

256、ing at Brand Z perception data collected over the last year,it seems this continues to be true.However,with the addition that sustainability,as it is currently being enacted and communicated by players in the industry,is arguably losing its potential to be a differentiating factor.The changing face

257、of sustainability in the delivery industryHowever,lets be clear:That is not to say it is not hugely important!The point is that initiatives that address a companys ESG responsibilities are expected by consumers and business buyers now.After all,it is no secret that the logistics industry is necessar

258、ily a huge contributor to carbon emissions.Proven ESG commitments are now table-stakes for winning business,but often not the deciding factor.Some of the key metrics that BrandZ makes possible demonstrates this.From the BrandZ dataset,Kantar is able to reliably estimate the volume,pricing power and

259、likely future growth of a company if purchase decisions were based solely on brand(to the exclusion of other factors).What we have noted is an interesting dynamic where sustainability is increasingly able to predict the demand power of a brand,but less able to predict its likelihood to grow or sugge

260、st the pricing it can command.This is seen most clearly in Germany,as a forerunner in ESG-orientated consumers and with a very developed carrier market but is also evident in other countries.What this means is that future growth is not predicated on sustainability initiatives,but the maintenance of

261、their current volume share is.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?NAVIGATING THE GREEN WAVE:SUSTAINABILITY AND EFFICIENCY IN THE DELIVERY INDUSTRY48Less price sensitiveAt the same time,another trend is appearing,driven in part by the understanding gained over the E-commerce boom of covid of th

262、e importance of the delivery event to repeat purchase.In our studies of business buyers of logistics services,were seeing indications that business buyers are becoming less price sensitive.In Germany,UK and North America,as examples,we see this clear tendency over the last 7 years.In Germany and UK,

263、it has been consistent,while in America were returning to levels previously seen in 2018,perhaps with the added variable of shippers willing to try out different brands in July 2023,nearly 3 in 4 of our respondents agreed with the statement There are several different makes that I would choose betwe

264、en,regardless of the price.Brands could look to leverage this trend in pursuit of green initiatives.Obviously,we accept that,lost in the to-and-fro of signing deals this may feel at odds with the experience of some salespeople on the ground,but the trend is consistent across multiple countries and m

265、ay well grow as the proportion of people taking sustainability seriously in their purchase decisions grows.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?Figure 1:Price sensitivity(2017-2023),Source:BrandZ,Kantar.49A statement:The sustainability opportunity is huge!Kantars Who Cares?Who Does?2023,which s

266、egments the world population based on their attitude to sustainability,saw Eco-Actives,those who are highly concerned and generally take the most action to reduce their impact on the environment.They make up 22%of the global population and represent purchasing power of EUR 458 billion of spending po

267、wer today.Given the expansion of this segment over the last 5 years of this study,we project this could account for a trillion dollars by 2028.In addition to the Eco-actives,we have the Eco-considerers who worry about the environment and will balance sustainable choice against other factors in their

268、 life.In Europe and Latin America,together they make up over 50%of the population.So,with the right initiatives,promoted correctly the pressure from these buyers will encourage B2C businesses to increasingly prioritise sustainability offers.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?Figure 2:House po

269、pulation share.Source:Who Cares?Who Does?2023,Kantar.50Corporate TrustHowever,we did say above that even for these groups,sustainability will need to be a support for the reasons to buy rather than being them.Ultimately,what we believe we are seeing is sustainability initiatives starting to feed int

270、o wider conceptions of trust and corporate reputation.And of course,trust is nowhere of more importance than the delivery industry.Taking Germany as an example again,were seeing our sustainability index correlate more and more strongly with brand consideration and,importantly(!),customer loyalty dur

271、ing the purchase decision.Efficient networksTaking this point about trust further,the emerging link between sustainability and the more traditional success measures of the delivery industry on time delivery etc will mean that loss of trust on sustainability could have the same impact as the loss of

272、trust based on failed deliveries.Therefore,it should be recognised that as well as outward facing initiatives,efficiency and effectiveness in delivery networks is paramount for sustainable operations and customer satisfaction.Of course,it should be recognised that a well-optimised network not only r

273、educes carbon emissions but also enhances brand reputation and customer loyalty.Brands must prioritise efficiency in their delivery networks to remain competitive in the evolving landscape of sustainability-driven consumer preferences.WHY IS THE GREEN LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?Figure 3:House populati

274、on share.Source:Who Cares?Who Does?2023,Kantar.51An efficient network not only ensures timely deliveries but also minimises resource wastage and environmental impact.Companies that invest in technologies such as route optimisation algorithms,electric vehicles,and smart logistics systems can signific

275、antly reduce their carbon footprint while improving operational efficiency.In terms of advertising,they could think about linking these efficiency efforts into their ESG commitments.Moreover,an efficient delivery network enhances customer experience by offering reliable and transparent services.Cust

276、omers expect real-time tracking,accurate delivery estimates,and hassle-free returns,all of which are facilitated by a well-designed and optimised delivery network.As sustainability becomes increasingly intertwined with consumer trust,businesses must align their delivery operations with environmental

277、 responsibility.Greenwashing,or the practice of misleading consumers about a companys environmental practices,will no longer be tolerated.Authentic commitment to sustainability,backed by tangible actions and transparent communication,is essential for building trust and loyalty among eco-conscious co

278、nsumers.In conclusion,an efficient delivery network is not only essential for meeting current demand but also for securing a competitive advantage in the future.Brands that prioritise sustainability and invest in innovative solutions to optimise their delivery networks will not only reduce their env

279、ironmental footprint but also strengthen their position in the market.With continuous innovation and commitment to sustainability,the delivery industry has the potential to revolutionise how green initiatives are perceived and implemented,paving the way for a more sustainable future.WHY IS THE GREEN

280、 LAST MILE RELEVANT TODAY?52Media partners:Prepared with the support ofCLIMATE CHANGES ANDRESPONSIBILITYCLIMATE CHANGES ANDRESPONSIBILITYIntroductionWith the effects of global warming becoming increasingly evident,SwipBox decided to think energy efficiency and recycling into the design when starting

281、 to develop their outdoor Infinity locker back in 2017.They chose robust materials with a long lifetime that would allow the locker to be used in hot and cold climates alike.They eliminated service-heavy features such as screens,modems and power cables to reduce the time and resources spent on repai

282、rs.And last but not least they chose a modular design that would make it easy to take the locker apart for recycling.And the decisions paid off.A lifecycle analysis performed by an external party in 2023 showed that the CO2 equivalent emissions of an Infinity locker over a period of 10 years from ex

283、traction of materials,installation and use to disposal was a mere 324.7kg.In comparison,the CO2 equivalent emissions of 2.5kg of fillet of beef is 379.9kg1.CLIMATE CHANGE-A NEED FORCOMPANIES TO TAKE RESPONSIBILITYCLIMATE CHANGES AND RESPONSIBILITY1 Source 1:https:/denstoreklimadatabase.dk/en/food/be

284、ef-fillet-defatted/ra0001154GreenwashingHas SwipBox been openly discussing their efforts at reducing their impact on the environment?Not much.For one,they wanted more hard facts before doing so.And two,like so many other companies they wanted to being accused of so-called greenwashing.Greenwashing b

285、ecame a household term when sustainability became a hot topic.Seeing how well products marked as green,environmentally friendly and similar sold,these became misused by companies in most industries and markets,with many claims either being false or exaggerated.This was problematic in two ways.First

286、of all,it is illegal to market your product as sustainable if this cannot be documented.Secondly,as time went by,consumers became weary and distrustful of such vague claims;in other words,greenwashing could end up being bad business.GreenhushingSwipBoxs reaction?Keeping communication about sustainab

287、ility initiatives to a bare minimum.And they were not alone in this.With strict rules and regulations in place dictating the dos and donts of sustainability communication,many companies like them were deterred from making any sustainability claims at all out of fear of breaking the rules.In other wo

288、rds,it often led to the opposite of greenwashing:greenhushing.However,adapting this strategy,SwipBox realised that it was missing out on an opportunity to tell the good stories the positive steps taken,and results achieved and thereby also on reaping the benefits in terms of gaining consumer trust.T

289、he power of honestyFinding the right balance between greenwashing and greenhushing at first seemed difficult but turned out to be quite simple.Basically,it just required being honest and avoid claiming that their products were more sustainable than they actually were.And in order to be honest,which

290、is part of the SwipBox mindset,they first needed to get the correct data,in their case the results of the life cycle analysis of their Infinity locker.But one thing is having the numbers,another is to communicate themGuided by EU legislation and best practise as outlined by the Danish consumer ombud

291、sman,they adopted the following guidelines for communicating about the impact of their products:Avoid generalities Avoid general statements such as our product is environmentally friendly/green/sustainable.Be preciseBe precise and describe which parts of the product have a positive impact.Do not exa

292、ggerateDo not exaggerate or leave out essential information.DocumentBe transparent and make sure you can document all claims.CLIMATE CHANGES AND RESPONSIBILITY55Will communicating about environmental impact be a daunting exercise for some?Probably.Will the data published be overly positive the first

293、 time around?Probably not.But by being honest,companies give off an important signal about their dedication to the issue.This is a particularly poignant point as a recent report shows that consumers are engaging more and more in which steps brands are taking towards ensuring a higher degree of susta

294、inability2.SwipBox has started this journey by conducting the above-mentioned life cycle analysis of their primary product,the battery-driven Infinity locker.This analysis has given them an indication of what they are doing well and what can be improved.It has also given them concrete figures to wor

295、k with.While it does not cover the whole business or all of their products,it is a start.The wider impactLooking at the impact of a product on its own from production and use to disposal is an important place to start;but it is not enough.It is also necessary to look at the wider impact that a produ

296、ct has on the environment.For instance,as a locker company SwipBox need to ask themselves:How will our locker be used?Can we do something to help our customers reduce their CO2 emissions when using our product?Can we help our customers nudge their end users to adopt more responsible means of transpo

297、rtation when using our solution?An equally important question for locker companies to ask themselves is whether their product has any wider impact that extends beyond the immediate use of it?Lockers cannot be seen in isolation,and locker companies cannot solely focus on developing a responsible lock

298、er solution.Why not?Because lockers handle millions of parcels and thereby indirectly support the use of single-use packaging.Orders are packed,shipped and picked up and the packaging discarded.SwipBox has therefore invested in developing a digital labelling solution that enables reusable packaging.

299、Simple to use and with low energy consumption,the label can be circulated up to 1,000 times before having to exchange the battery.While they have yet to conduct a life cycle analysis of this product,they believe that using the same packaging(plastic or otherwise)1,000 times or more will be better fo

300、r the environment than using cardboard boxes once.Time will tell whether their assumptions are correct.CLIMATE CHANGES AND RESPONSIBILITY2 Sustainable Brand Index 202356CLIMATE CHANGES AND RESPONSIBILITYWe in the last-mile industry need to take responsibility for the impact that our solutions have o

301、n the planet.We need to make the more sustainable last-mile choice easy.We need to communicate honestly about our results and goals.And,perhaps most importantly,we need to have the courage to go new ways.Allan KaczmarekSwipBox Founder57Media partners:Prepared with the support ofPARTICIPANTSOF THE RE

302、PORTAUSTRIA:Stiva Advanced Products GmbH,Technologiepark 10 4851 Gampern.DENMARK:SwipBox International A/S,Ellegrdvej 7,6400 Snderborg.FINLAND:Posti Group Oyj,Postintaival 7A,00230 Helsinki.FRANCE:GeoPost SA,26 rue Guynemer,92130 Issy Les Moulineaux.LITHUANIA:Lithuanian post(AB Lietuvos pastas),J.Ba

303、likonio g.3,03500 Vilnius.LITHUANIA:Vinted Go UAB,Svitrigailos g.13,03228 Vilnius.THE NETHERLANDS:DHL eCommerce NL,Reactorweg 25 3542 AD Utrecht.POLAND:Allegro Sp.z o.o,ul.Wierzbicice 1B,61-569 Pozna.POLAND:Alsendo,ul.Klimczaka 1,02-797 Warszawa.POLAND:Emapa S.A.ul.Zota 59,00-120 Warszawa.ROMANIA:Sa

304、meday Group,Globalworth Square,Gara Herastrau no.6,Sector 2,Bucharest.SWEDEN:PostNord Group,Terminalvgen 42,171 73 Solna.UNITED KINGDOM:Evri(Hermes Parcelnet),Capitol House,1 Capitol Close,Morley,Leeds,LS27 0WH.UNITED KINGDOM:Stuart Delivery Ltd,71 Central Street,London,71 Central Street,London,UK,E

305、C1V 8BU.PARTICIPANTS OF THE REPORTPARTICIPANTS OF THE REPORT59PARTICIPANTS OF THE REPORTPROJECTS MAP60Media partners:Prepared with the support ofREVIEWOF INITIATIVES*in alphabetical order by countrySUMMARYThe Smalox WPS system,developed by Stiwa Manufacturing,represents a sustainable solution for el

306、ectronic locks,revolutionising the last mile delivery landscape.Utilising NFC technology,Smalox WPS eliminates the need for cables and batteries,offering a seamless and eco-friendly locking solution for various applications.By harnessing the energy from mobile phones,the system enhances security and

307、 operational efficiency while significantly reducing environmental impact.With prototypes showcased at key industry events and positive feedback from stakeholders,Smalox WPS is poised to transform the logistics sector.Figure 1:Smalox WPS electronic locks.Source:Stiwa.REVIEW OF INITIATIVESAUSTRIAStiw

308、a Advanced Products GmbH62INTRODUCTIONStiwa Manufacturing embarked on the development of the Smalox WPS system in response to emerging megatrends in safety and sustainability.Recognising the limitations of traditional electronic locks,the company leveraged its expertise in automation and production

309、to pioneer a groundbreaking solution.By prioritising customer requirements and collaborating with development partners,Stiwa designed Smalox WPS to meet the diverse needs of various market segments,including parcel lockers,homeboxes,and courier boxes.With a focus on innovation and user-centric desig

310、n,Smalox WPS sets a new standard for sustainable locking solutions in the last mile delivery ecosystem.METHODOLOGYStiwa Manufacturings methodology for developing the Smalox WPS system involved a strategic alignment with key megatrends and market insights.Leveraging its extensive production capabilit

311、ies,the company explored alternative locking solutions,ultimately adopting NFC technology for energy transfer.Collaborative efforts with development partners facilitated a deep understanding of market requirements,informing the iterative design process.With prototypes showcased at industry events an

312、d partnerships forged with key stakeholders,Smalox WPS is on track for market availability within the next six months.RESULTSSustainabilityThe sustainability benefits of implementing the Smalox WPS system are underscored by its remarkably low energy consumption compared to traditional locking soluti

313、ons.The following table illustrates the energy consumption over an 8-year period for various energy sources.When considering the total energy required to supply an average parcel locker over an 8-year period,whether from a battery or directly from the grid,it is estimated that the energy consumption

314、 for a standard locker is significantly higher compared to one equipped with the Smalox WPS system.Specifically,one can supply 50,000 lockers featuring SMALOX with the same amount of energy needed to supply a single standard locker.REVIEW OF INITIATIVES63Figure 2:Energy consumption and CO2 comparisi

315、on.Source:Stiwa.REVIEW OF INITIATIVES1 Assuming that there is power available right where the parcel locker is supposed to be set up.2 According to Cleveron,a grid-connected parcel locker consumes on average 11 W of power,while a battery powered locker consumes 6 mW(Cleveron 2024).The energy consump

316、tion for 8 years has been calculated on this basis.3 When assuming a non-rechargeable battery,the 0.42 kWh of energy must be stored initially(not taking into account the self-discharge over the time span of 8 years).Manufacturing a battery of alkaline type that stores 0.42 kWh requires an energy inp

317、ut of 31.39 kWh(ko-Institut e.V.2012)4 One cycle of locking/unlocking of SMALOX requires 40mWs of energy.Calculating for one cycle a day and a parcel locker of 20 compartments,this results in 0.65 Wh for 8 years of use.5 Taking the average CO2 emission per kWh of power generation in the EU in 2022 i

318、s 0.25 kg(European Environment Agency 2023)6 The manufacturing and disposal of an alkaline battery per 1kWh is 18 kg(ko-Institut e.V.2012)BibliographyCleveron.Cleveron-354.21.02 2024.https:/ e.V.Wiederaufladbare Batterien in Standardgren.“Berlin,2012.Statista.Hhe der CO-Emissionen durch Stromerzeugu

319、ng in der EU nach Lndern im Jahr 2022.12.2 2024.https:/ am 17.3 2024).64REVIEW OF INITIATIVESOperational EfficiencyWhile operational efficiency typically refers to ongoing operational processes,the installation process itself also plays a crucial role in overall efficiency.For traditional lockers re

320、quiring wired or battery-powered locks,the installation process can be labour-intensive and time-consuming.Based on discussions with parcel locker providers,it is estimated that a standard locker with 20 to 24 compartments requires approximately 20 meters of cable and entails an installation effort

321、of about 5 hours.The implementation of the Smalox WPS system offers significant operational efficiency gains by streamlining the installation process.With no need for wiring or battery installations,the Smalox WPS system drastically reduces installation time and labour costs,contributing to overall

322、operational efficiency.Additionally,the Smalox WPS system introduces further sustainability advantages by eliminating the need for a standby power source,such as a terminal.With the smartphone acting as the terminal and utilising the Smalox wireless power share option,standby power consumption is el

323、iminated entirely.This innovation not only reduces energy consumption but also simplifies the system architecture,contributing to overall sustainability goals.LEARNINGSThe transition to a customer-centric design approach has been instrumental in shaping the development of the Smalox WPS system.By qu

324、estioning established norms and focusing on essentials,Stiwa Manufacturing has positioned itself as an innovator in the electronic lock industry.The shift from production-focused to collaborative design has led to valuable insights and learnings,driving continuous improvement,and ensuring the succes

325、s of the Smalox WPS project.6585DENMARKSWIPBOXREVIEW OF INITIATIVESSUMMARYSwipBox has been producing parcel lockers since 2012.While originally focusing solely on convenience,they have since extended their focus to also include environmental responsibility.When designing their outdoor Infinity locke

326、r,it was paramount to choose robust materials with long durability,enabling the locker to be used in a wide range of weather conditions.Equally important was designing a locker that was easy to disassemble and recycle.With Infinity lockers in operation since 2019,SwipBox had a good idea about the im

327、pact of their use.However,what they lacked were figures demonstrating the complete impact of the locker on the environment.In 2023,SwipBox therefore engaged an external party to perform a life cycle analysis of their 16-compartment Infinity locker.This showed that changing their focus to include env

328、ironmental respon-sibilitywas a sound decision.While materials used have a heavy impact,the recyclable design weighs up for this,resulting in a very low CO2e.Figure 1:SwipBox Infinity lockers.Source:SwipBox,66INTRODUCTIONFrom the outset,SwipBox has been on a mission to deliver first-and last-mile co

329、nvenience from carriers and co-uriers to end users and service provi-ders.This first resulted in the indoor screen-operated Classic locker,which quickly became a popular solution in Denmark and beyond,letting users pick up their parcels using a code.When developing their next model,SwipBox wished to

330、 design a locker which was even more convenient and also took the environment into consi-deration.They therefore focused on designing a locker with as smooth a user flow and as little power con-sumption as possible.This led to an app-operated locker that communica-tes via Bluetooth,in turn eliminati

331、ng the need for an internet modem and enabling it to run on a battery.Not only does this make it a more environ-mentally friendly locker,it also enab-les a wider range of users to use it such as visually impaired people,who cannot use a screen.Their design was also guided by a wish to create a locke

332、r with long dura-bility,minimum maintenance require-ments and a high degree of recyclabi-lity.With the lockers in operation since 2019,SwipBox had a good idea about the impact that using the locker had on the environment.To get a complete picture of the impact,inclu-ding from production and waste,th

333、ey commissioned an external party to conduct a life cycle analysis of the Infinity locker in 2023.METHODOLOGYTo carry out the life cycle analysis,SwipBox contracted an external party with great experience in this area.Together with them they set out the criteria for the analysis,which was to cover all lifecycle stages of a typical Infinity locker unit(16 compartments)over a period of ten years,inc