亞開行（ADB）：公平共享綠色和娛樂空間促進性別平等和包容性設計指南-第比利斯市（英文版）（67頁）.pdf

1、FAIR SHARED GREEN ANDRECREATIONAL SPACES GUIDELINES FOR GENDER-RESPONSIVE AND INCLUSIVE DESIGNTbilisi MunicipalityDECEMBER 2021Tables, Figures,and Boxes -vAbbreviations -viForeword - viiMessage -viiiAcknowledgments-ix1. INTRODUCTION -1Green Spaces in Tbilisi .2A Fair Shared City .3The Goal and Purpo

2、se of Fair Shared Green and Recreational SpacesGuidelines .4Key Resources Informing the Preparation of the Guidelines .52. URBAN GREEN SPACES AND GARDENS INTBILISI -6Typology of Parks in Tbilisi .7Categories of Parks in Tbilisi .8Cultural and Historical Context .93. PRINCIPLES AND STEPS IN GENDER-RE

3、SPONSIVE AND INCLUSIVE DESIGN - 10 OF GREEN AND RECREATIONAL SPACESThe Rationale for Gender-Responsive Design ofRecreationalSpaces . 11Gender-Responsive Design Approaches . 12Universal Design for a Fair Shared Park . 13Integrating a Gender and Inclusion Dimension in the Design Stage ofRecreational S

4、pace Development and/or Rehabilitation . 13Phase I: Procurement and Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13Phase II: Planning Process After the Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14Phase I

5、II: Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .154. CONSIDERATIONS IN GENDER-RESPONSIVE AND INCLUSIVE DESIGN - 16 OF GREEN AND RECREATIONAL SPACESLegal Framework . 17Public Participation in Park Planning and D

6、esign . 18CONTENTSGeneral Criteria for Park Design. 21Spatial Structure and Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21Ensuring Safety and Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22Barrier-Free and Accessible Parks and Green Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23Gender-Responsive Activity Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24Activities fo

8、r Senior Citizens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25Inclusive Playgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .265. STANDARDS ANDCRIT

9、ERIA FOR DETAILED PARK DESIGN - 27Provision of Green Spaces and Parks . 28Good Practice Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28Spatial Structure and Layout . 29Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Good Practice Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Security and Safety . 29Design Criteria . . .

11、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Good Practice Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Barrier-Free and Acc

12、essible Parks or Gardens . 30Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

13、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Gender-Responsive and Inclusive Playground Design . 31Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31Good Practice Standards . . . . . . . . . .

14、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33Active Areas for Adolescents and Adults . 34Materials . 34Plants, Green Areas, Ecology . 34Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34Required Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Good Practice Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Park Furnishings . 36Design Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Good Practice Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38Shade . 38Water Management and Energy Efficiency . 38Sealed Surfaces . 39Dog-Walking Spaces . 39Good Practice Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18、 . . .39APPENDIXESTypology and Detailed Description of Types of Parks inTbilisi . 41Detailed Standards for Lighting . 46Equipment and Furnishing Placement Standard . 52REFERENCES - 54ivContentsTABLESA2.1 A Tree Trunk 2.5 Meters Tall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48A2.2 A Tree Trunk 3 Meters Tall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48A2.3 A Tree Trunk 4 Meters Tall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49A2.4 A Tree Trunk 4.5 Meters Tall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49A2.5 A Tree Trunk 5 Meters Tall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21、 . . . . . . 50FIGURES1 Tbilisi Green Space Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Current Planning Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22、. 143 Integration of a Gender Perspective in Procurement and Competition Process . . . . . . . . 144 Actual Planning Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 Integration of Gender Perspectives and Participatory Design

23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156 Spatial Scale of Recreation Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287 Exterior Public Drinking Fountains Accessibility Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24、. 37A2.1 Tree Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46BOXES1 Organization and Mission of the Department of Environment andGreenSpaces . . . . . . . 22 Principles of an Inclusive City . . . . . . .

25、. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Participatory Process in Action . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 European Standards on Childrens Playground Equipment and Surfacin

26、g . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOXESADB Asian Development Bankcm centimeterCPRD Convention on the Rights of Persons with DisabilitiesCRC Convention on the Rights of the ChildGIS geographic information systemha hectarem metermm millimeterm2 square meter PUE power usage effectivene

27、ssSDCC Sustainable Development and Climate Change DepartmentSDG Sustainable Development GoalTCH Tbilisi City HallTOR terms of referenceUN United NationsABBREVIATIONSMaking cities more livable is one of the seven operational priorities under Strategy 2030 of the Asian Development Bank (ADB). ADB supp

28、orts municipalities to make cities safe, inclusive, and sustainable urban centers. It does so by helping cities adopt a holistic approach that includes, among other things, improving services and making them gender-responsive, inclusive, and sustainable; strengthening urban planning by promoting inc

29、lusive and participatoryprocesses; and improving urban environments. ADB was pleased to support the Tbilisi City Hall in the preparation of these guidelines as part of this commitment. Gender-responsive and inclusive design in cities contribute toward three of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs

30、): SDG 5 on achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls; SDG 11 on making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable; and SDG 16 on promoting peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development. Preparation of practical and applicable tools suc

31、h as this Fair Shared Green and Recreational Spaces: Guidelines for Gender-Responsive and Inclusive Design helps to build the institutional capacity of municipalities to localize the SDGs to the city level. The Tbilisi City Hall was supported in these efforts by drawing from the depth and breadth of

32、 experience of Vienna City Hall in mainstreaming gender in urban planning. Gender-responsive design makes women feel safe in the city and enables them to carry out their daily activities and enjoy its amenities. Awoman-friendly city is, by default, a city that is friendly to children and the elderly

33、. Support for the preparation of these guidelines through ADB Trust Funds builds on several years of partnership with Tbilisi City administration in urban planning, and urban transport initiatives. The partnership continues to flourish through the Livable Cities Investment Program to improve plannin

34、g and infrastructure in major cities and regional clusters in Georgia, including in the capital city of Tbilisi. These guidelines will contribute to ensuring the promotion in gender-responsiveness and inclusiveness of initiatives under this program.I hope the insights this publication offers will pr

35、ovide cross-regional learning to foster innovative urban development across Asia and the Pacific, to meet the evolving needs and interests of all. Bruno Carrasco Director General Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department Asian Development BankFOREWORDGreen and recreational spaces play a

36、crucial role in peoples lives as a place for physical activity, social interactions, and recreation. There are significant health and well-being benefits for communities with access to parks and recreational areas for exercise and relaxation. Neighborhoods that incorporate green spaces attract peopl

37、e to live in them. This is recognized in the planning strategy documents and national planning guidelines around the developed world that prioritize access to high-quality open spaces.Sustainable development and environmental protection strategies are crucial to enable Tbilisi to meet the public spa

38、ce needs of different users and to become a more attractive and livablecity. The Tbilisi City Hall vision described in the Green City Action Plan for 20172030, defines the principles for the provision of residents access to fair shared green spaces and parks that meet their recreational needs and co

39、ntribute to making Tbilisi an attractive place for allwomen and men, young and old, and people with disabilitiesto live, work, and invest.The Fair Shared Green and Recreational Spaces: Guidelines for Gender-Responsive and Inclusive Design recommends development features and design specifications for

40、 green space provision. They also identify priorities for improvements and for ensuring that limited resources are targeted at areas of most need. This document will contribute to the sustainable development of Tbilisi city.The guidelines are an essential tool to guide decisions that will give Tbili

41、si new life while protecting its valuable heritage, and creating a culture of high standards in development and conservation that preserves the green landscape for successive generations.Andria Basilaia Deputy Mayor Tbilisi City HallMESSAGEThis publication is the result of the collaborative efforts

42、of the Asian Development Bank(ADB) andthe Municipal Department of Environmental Protection of Tbilisi City Hall.The core team from ADB: Gillian Brown, lead consultant Nana Adeishvili, project manager Doris Damyanovic, consultantThe core team from Tbilisi City Hall: Giga Gigashvili, head, Department

43、of Environment and Green Spaces Marika Bejashvili, Tamar Sharashidze, and Tamar Zedelashvili; former employees Nino Burdzenidze, gender advisor to the mayor of TbilisiADB Project Team: Samantha Hung, chief of Gender Equality Thematic Group, Sustainable Development and ClimateChange Department (SDCC)

44、 Prabhjot Khan, social development specialist (Gender and Development), SDCC Ramola Naik Singru, principal urban development specialist, Central and West Asia Department (CWRD) Ann Mushayt Alemania, associate operations analyst, SDCCProduction: Layla Yasmin Tanjutco, editor Nelly Akobia, translatorT

45、he core team thanks the following for their support, in-depth interviews, comments, reviews, andtechnical inputs: Sonomi Tanaka, country director, ADB Lao Peoples Democratic Republic Resident Mission Shane Rosenthal, country director, ADB Georgia Resident Mission Yong Ye, country director, ADB Pakis

46、tan Resident Mission Hiranya Mukhopadhyay, chief of governance thematic group, ADB SDCC Heeyoung Hong, principal urban development specialist (Finance), ADB CWRD Laxmi Sharma, urban development specialist, ADB South Asia Department Rachana Shrestha, public management specialist, ADB SDCC Eva Kail, g

47、ender expert, City Hall of Vienna Tea Papuashvili, associate project officer (Infrastructure), ADB Georgia Resident MissionACKNOWLEDGMENTS1INTRODUCTION2Box 1: Organization and Mission of the Department of Environment andGreenSpacesOur Work To ensure the protection of the environment, development of

48、green infrastructure, planning of landscape and recreational spaces, and municipal forest management.Our Team Environmental protection division Forest policy division Permit and monitoring division Green landscape planning divisionOur Service Development of forest management strategy and action plan

49、, maintenance of forest and green space inventory, study of forest conditions, and the planning, management and coordination of forest recovery and renewal measures. Making decisions on carrying out plant cutting and replacement Development of Waste Management Strategy and Action Plan, identificatio

50、n of illegal landfills and planning for their closure and recultivation determines municipal climate change resilience programs, and assesses the risks of climate change on urban environment. Identification of uniform policies for urban ecosystems, provision of green infrastructure development strat