Oulu：6G白皮書(英文版)(37頁).pdf

1、See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: KEY DRIVERS AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE Technical Report September 2019 CITATIONS 0 READS 464 40 authors, including: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related proj

2、ects: THE NAKED APPROACH ( Nordic perspective to gadgetfree hyperconnected environments) View project CONVINcE (Consumption Optimization in Video Networks) View project Raimo Kantola Aalto University 118 PUBLICATIONS582 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Pekka Kysti Keysight Technologies Finland oy 96 PUBLICATIO

3、NS2,402 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE A. Pouttu University of Oulu 59 PUBLICATIONS249 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Seppo Yrjola Nokia, Oulu, Finland 87 PUBLICATIONS695 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE All content following this page was uploaded by Madhusanka Liyanage on 09 September 2019. The user has requested enhancement

4、of the downloaded file. KEY DRIVERS AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE | 1 KEY DRIVERS AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE 6G Research Visions 1 September 2019 2 | KEY DRIVERS AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE TAB

5、LE OF CONTENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 INTRODUCTION 7 SOCIETAL AND BUSINESS DRIVERS FOR 6G 12 6G USE CASES AND NEW DEVICE FORMS 14 6G SPECTRUM AND KPI TARGETS 18 RADIO HARDWARE PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES 22 PHYSICAL LAYER AND WIRELESS SYSTEM 26 6G NETWORKING 29 NEW SERVICE ENABLERS 33 CONTRIBUTORS 6G Res

6、earch Visions 1 Key Drivers and Research Challenges for 6G Ubiquitous Wireless Intelligence Matti Latva-aho, Kari Leppnen (eds.) 6G Flagship, University of Oulu, Finland September 2019 ISBN 978-952-62-2353-7 (print) ISSN 2669-9621 (print) ISBN 978-952-62-2354-4 (online) ISSN 2669-963X (online) KEY D

7、RIVERS AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE | 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Our future society will be increasingly digitised, hyper-connected and globally data driven. Many widely anticipated future services, including eHealth and autonomous vehicles, will be critically dependent o

8、n instant, virtually unlimited wireless connectivity. Mobile communication technologies are expected to progress far beyond anything seen so far in wireless-enabled applications, making everyday lives smoother and safer and dramatically improving the efficiency of businesses. As fifth generation (5G

9、) research is maturing towards a global standard, the research community must focus on the development of beyond-5G solutions and the 2030 era, i.e. 6G. It is not clear yet what 6G will entail. It will include relevant technologies considered too immature for 5G or which are outside the defined scop

10、e of 5G. More specifically, the way in which data is collected, processed, transmitted and consumed within the wireless network will be a key driver for 6G. The first 6G Wireless Summit in March 2019 launched the process of identifying the key drivers, research requirements, challenges and essential

11、 research questions related to 6G. This white paper is the first version for the annually revised series of 6G research visions and can be phrased in one vision statement from the first 6G Wireless Summit: Ubiquitous wireless intelligence. It is envisioned that we will need new KPI drivers besides t

12、he current 5G technical KPIs. Societal megatrends, United Nations (UN) sustainability goals, lowering carbon dioxide emissions, emerging new technical enablers as well as ever increasing productivity demands are critical drivers towards 2030 solutions. Totally new services such as telepresence and m

13、ixed reality will be made possible by high resolution imaging and sensing, accurate positioning, wearable displays, mobile robots and drones, specialized processors, and next-generation wireless networks. Current smart phones are likely to be replaced by pervasive XR experiences with lightweight gla

14、sses delivering unprecedented resolution, frame rates, and dynamic range. 6G research should look at the problem of transmitting up to 1 Tbps per user. This is possible through the efficient utilization of the spectrum in the THz regime. Extended spectrum towards THz will enable merging communicatio

15、ns and new applications such as 3D imaging and sensing. However, new paradigms for transceiver architecture and computing will be needed to achieve these there are opportunities for semiconductors, optics and new materials in THz applications to mention a few. Artificial intelligence and machine lea

16、rning will play a major role both in link and system-level solutions of 6G wireless networks. New access methods will be needed for truly massive machine-type communications. Modulation and duplexing schemes beyond Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

17、(OFDM) must be developed and possibly it is time to start looking at analogue types of modulation at THz frequencies. Security at all levels of future systems will be much more critical in the future and 6G needs a network with embedded trust. The strongest security protection may be achieved in the

18、 physical layer. During the 6G era it will be possible to create data markets, and thus, privacy protection is one key enabler for future services and applications. 6G is not only about moving data around it will become a framework of services, including communication services where all user-specifi

19、c computation and intelligence may move to the edge cloud. The integration of sensing, imaging and highly accurate positioning capabilities with mobility will open a myriad of new applications in 6G. 4 | KEY DRIVERS AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE INTRODUCTION The arr

20、ival of the 5G mobile communications technology is already showing signs of becoming a major factor in driving productivity and is expected to be the key enabler for long-envisaged, highly integrated and autonomous applications in many sectors. This new wave of technology will accelerate the digital

21、isation of economies and society. Historically, a new mobile “generation” appears approximately every ten years, with 6G expected to emerge around 2030. The first release of 5G New Radio (NR) 3GPP Release 15 was ready in 2018, and global commercialization of 5G is currently taking off. 5G performanc

22、e and use cases will continue to evolve in the coming releases. 6G will take onboard new technologies and satisfy communication demands going beyond the 5G evolution. Now is the perfect time to identify future communication needs, performance requirements, system and radio challenges, and major tech

23、nical options for 6G to establish the research goals towards the 2030s. The first 6G Wireless Summit1 was organized in Levi, Finland, in March 2019 with almost 300 participants from 29 countries, including major infrastructure manufacturers, operators, regulators as well as academia. The event was o

24、rganised by the Finnish 6G Flagship Programme2. The 6G vision statement captures the essence of many of the key messages from the event: Ubiquitous Wireless Intelligence; Ubiquitous services follow users everywhere seamlessly; Wireless wireless connectivity is part of critical infrastructure; Intell

25、igence context-aware smart services and applications for human and non-human users. Following the summit, a workshop was organized with 70 selected participants to commence the drafting of the first 6G white paper. Each year, the white paper will be updated following the annual 6G Wireless Summit. T

26、he goal for this first edition was to identify the key drivers, research requirements, challenges and essential research questions related to 6G. The format of the white paper is deliberately short avoiding lengthy background and justifications; it is targeted primarily at technical experts working

27、in the field. At the highest level, the workshop identified major drivers for 6G (Figure 1): sustainability, society, productivity and technology. Is it nave to say “From 5G Engineering to 6G Humanity” or is it imperative? In 2016, the UN released 17 Sustainable Development Goals3 (SDGs) for the 203

28、0 Agenda. These goals were developed against a backdrop of a growing and ageing global population, increasing urbanization and a world in which the climate is changing. If adhered to, the UN SDGs are expected to drive policy and influence government spending in many economies, creating global demand

29、. It is estimated that the worlds population in 2019 is 7.6 billion people, and that this will grow to 8.5 billion by 2030, 9.7 billion by 2050 and 11.2 billion by the end of the current century. As of 2018, 55% of the worlds population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase

30、 to 68% by 20504. By 2030, the world is projected to have 43 megacities with more than 10 million inhabitants, most of them in developing regions. However, some of the fastest-growing urban agglomerations are cities with fewer than 1 million inhabitants, many of them located in Asia and Africa. 3See

31、 https:/www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/. 4Source UN Department of Economic Affairs 2018 Revision of World Urbanization Prospects. Available online https:/www.un.org/development/desa/en/news/population/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html. KEY DRIVERS AN

32、D RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE | 5 Figure 1. From 5G Engineering to 6G Humanity Breaking down the four areas driving 6G research. Urbanization calls for super-efficient ICT services throughout society, which will become more and more automated in all sectors to signifi

33、cantly increase productivity, reduce carbon dioxide emissions and generate cost savings for public expenditure. The future services must be available 24-7, ubiquitously. The services developed for the future urban areas need to be transformed for the needs of remote, often rural and very poor areas

34、in order to tackle the UN SDGs. At the same, as societies become heavily dependent on ICT services, they become extremely vulnerable to various types of security threats and attacks. The global threats5 can no longer be ignored when developing future 6G technologies. Further to the societal and SDG

35、drivers, we have included some examples of technology trends and drivers for increased productivity. 5G is envisioned to solve our communication challenges set for 2020s and beyond. However, the first 5G NR release only covers a subset of 5G targets and envisioned use cases. New requirements and tec

36、hnologies are continuously emerging. Some are expected to enter future releases of 5G whereas far more rich requirements and technologies will need to wait for a clean slate of 6G specifications. Some of the emerging and promising directions in technology, described further in later chapters, are li

37、sted in Figures 2 and 3. 6G HUMANITY RAN Agnostic/Automatically Orchestrated Transceivers Non-device Centric Communications HBI Extreme URLLC Below CM Positioning Consent and Privacy Preserving Data Sharing Support for Ambient/Novel Sensing Small Data AI (Distributed Learning) Distributed Trust Cybe

38、r-physical Security Terahertz Technologies 4D-Imaging and Image Projection and XR Haptic Remote Telepresence Full Spectrum Photonic Signal Processing Proactive Decision Making/Informations Ofering Pervasive User Identifi cation and Authentication Net Neutrality Zero-energy Communications AI Inspired

39、 Air Interfaces Grant Free Access (IoT) Education Innovations Societal Services Health and Wellbeing Services Urbanisation vs. Remote Infrastructure Work Life Change Data Security and Privacy Automation Personalisation Quality Education Clean Water and Sanitation Gender Equality Life Below Water Lif

40、e on Land No Poverty Good Health and Well-being Climate Action Sustainable Cities and Communities Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions Clean Water and Sanitation Zero Hunger Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Afordable and Clean Energy Reduced Inequalities Partnerships for the Goals Responsi

41、ble Consumption and Production Decent Work and Economic Growth Health Manufacturing Finance Technologies Society 5.0 Transport Global Afordable Coverage Education Agriculture Energy FinTech SUSTAINABILITY GoalsTECHNOLOGY Enablers PRODUCTIVITY in Vertical IndustriesSOCIETAL Challenges 5Source World E

42、conomic Forum: The Global Risks Report 2019. Available online http:/www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Global_ Risks_Report_2019.pdf. 6 | KEY DRIVERS AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE Figure 2. New wireless hardware and physical layer technologies. Figure 3. Possible technologie

43、s for user interface and service enablers. In the remainder of this white paper, key areas for investigation are identified to make the 2030 vision for Ubiquitous Wireless Intelligence a reality. The goal is also to identify essential research questions within the areas of interest. It is acknowledg

44、ed that this does not form a comprehensive list, rather a starting point reflecting the discussions at the first 6G Wireless Summit as well as views from the 6G Flagship programme. Future editions of this white paper will complement the missing areas not discussed at the summit. HIGH IMPACTLOW IMPAC

45、T LOW UNCERTAINTYHIGH UNCERTAINTY Hardware PHY 1998. https:/www.icnirp.org/cms/upload/publications/ICNIRPemfgdl.pdf. 7WHO - World Health Organization. Extremely low frequency fields. Environmental Health Criteria, Vol. 238. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2007. https:/www.who.int/peh-emf/en/ 8 |

46、KEY DRIVERS AND RESEARCH CHALLENGES FOR 6G UBIQUITOUS WIRELESS INTELLIGENCE Figure 4. 6G PESTLE (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental) analysis results highlight inclusion, sustainability and transparency. We are moving towards a data sharing / data market economy wher

47、e issues with data ownership and contractual policies require special attention. Access to data and data ownership are increasingly major factors in value creation, and limiting such access is a means of control. Creating a system that transforms how data is collected, prioritized, and shared can cr

48、eate strong drivers for future value, but may also lead to serious privacy and ethical concerns over the location and use of data. Furthermore, how the data itself can be used becomes a key question. The contractual rights and obligations of the different members of a communications ecosystem may de

49、scribe how the information and data may be used. The challenge, however, will be the mapping of these rights and obligations to the data collected and used by highly adaptive autonomous systems, or smart devices, to create the services of the future. The transition to ever higher frequencies with smaller radio ranges and the increasing role of indoor networks will boost network sharing in cities and indoor spaces, and especially drive the “local operator” paradigm. For the foreseeable