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1、1 制冷空調設備及系統制冷劑管理規范制冷空調設備及系統制冷劑管理規范解讀與發布解讀與發布 Interpretation and Release of Technical Specification for Refrigerant Management of Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and System 1 中國制冷空調工業協會中國制冷空調工業協會 China Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Industry Association(CRAA)劉璐璐劉璐璐 Liu Lulu 2023.4.8
2、2 目目 錄錄Contents 1 背景背景Background 2 主要內容主要內容Main Contents 3 關鍵要求關鍵要求Key Requirements 2 3 中國是全球最大的制冷空調設備生產國、消費國、出口國。中國是全球最大的制冷空調設備生產國、消費國、出口國。China is the worlds largest producer,consumer and exporter of refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment.中國也是當今全球最大的制冷劑消費國,年消費量超過中國也是當今全球最大的制冷劑消費國,年消費量超過35萬噸,
3、超過全球消費量的萬噸,超過全球消費量的50%,折合,折合CO2當量超過當量超過5億噸。億噸。China is also the worlds largest consumer of refrigerants,with an annual consumption of more than 350,000 tons.The amount is equivalent to over 500 million tons of CO2 emission,exceeding 50%of global consumption.2011年,國際空調制冷和供熱制造商協會聯合會(年,國際空調制冷和供熱制造商協會聯合
4、會(ICARHMA)正式發布了“制冷劑負責任使)正式發布了“制冷劑負責任使用聲明”用聲明”.In 2011,the International Council of Air Conditioning,Refrigeration,and Heating Manufacturers Associations(ICARHMA)issued Policy Statement on Responsible Use of Refrigerant.通過對制冷劑及含制冷劑的設備進行有效地管理通過對制冷劑及含制冷劑的設備進行有效地管理Effective management of refrigerants an
5、d refrigerant-containing equipment 加強培訓加強培訓Enhance training 推行良好的操作規范推行良好的操作規范Promote good practice in servcing sector 促進制冷劑回收、再利用及處置促進制冷劑回收、再利用及處置Promote refrigerant recovery,reuse and disposal 減少制冷劑的泄漏和排放減少制冷劑的泄漏和排放Reduce refrigerant leakage and emissions 降低運行能耗降低運行能耗Reduce operating energy consum
6、ption 1 背景背景Background 4 發達國家和地區普遍重視制冷劑的管理,多年前就提出了制冷劑管理的政策發達國家和地區普遍重視制冷劑的管理,多年前就提出了制冷劑管理的政策或標準?;驑藴?。Developed countries and regions generally attach importance to the management of refrigerants,and policies or standards for refrigerant management have been proposed many years ago.歐盟歐盟F-gas法規法規 EU F-g
7、as regulation 美國美國清潔空氣法清潔空氣法,ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1472019制冷空調設備和系統制冷空調設備和系統減少鹵代制冷劑的排放減少鹵代制冷劑的排放U.S.Clean Air Act ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 147-2019 Reducing the Release of Halogenated Refrigerants from Refrigerating 日本含氟化合物日本含氟化合物排放抑制法排放抑制法Japans Fluorine-containing Compounds Emission Control Act 5 本標準編制
8、時,對制冷劑管理的基本要求綜合參考了歐盟本標準編制時,對制冷劑管理的基本要求綜合參考了歐盟F-gas法規、美國法規、美國ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 1472019、日本、日本含氟化合物排放抑制法含氟化合物排放抑制法中的相關要中的相關要求,并結合國內制冷空調產品的使用、制冷劑管理的現狀提出了相關規定。求,并結合國內制冷空調產品的使用、制冷劑管理的現狀提出了相關規定。The requirements for refrigerant management in this standard are comprehensively referred to the relevant requ
9、irements in the EU F-gas regulation,the US ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 147-2019,and Japans Fluorine-containing Compound Emission Suppression Law,and combined with the use of domestic refrigeration and air conditioning products and the current situation of refrigerant management.標準制定的思路是制冷劑的管理需要貫穿在制冷空調設備整個壽
10、命期,本標準將為標準制定的思路是制冷劑的管理需要貫穿在制冷空調設備整個壽命期,本標準將為制冷空調行業相關產品、維修保養規范制定提供參考。制冷空調行業相關產品、維修保養規范制定提供參考。The idea behind this standard is that the management of refrigerants needs to run through the entire life cycle of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment.This standard will provide reference for the for
11、mulation of related products and maintenance specifications for the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.5 6 中國制冷空調工業協會制冷空調工程工作委員會中國制冷空調工業協會制冷空調工程工作委員會 合肥通用機械研究院有限公司合肥通用機械研究院有限公司 特靈空調系統(中國)有限公司特靈空調系統(中國)有限公司 青島海爾空調電子有限公司青島海爾空調電子有限公司 廣東美的暖通設備有限公司廣東美的暖通設備有限公司 約克廣州空調冷凍設備有限公司約克廣州空調冷凍設備有限公司 煙臺市奧威制
12、冷設備有限公司煙臺市奧威制冷設備有限公司 清華大學清華大學 浙江大學浙江大學 天津大學天津大學 同濟大學同濟大學 霍尼韋爾(中國)有限公司霍尼韋爾(中國)有限公司 天津澳宏環保材料有限公司天津澳宏環保材料有限公司 浙江飛越機電有限公司浙江飛越機電有限公司 6 標準起草單位標準起草單位 Standard drafting participants 南京春木制冷機電設備科技有限公司南京春木制冷機電設備科技有限公司 大金空調技術(中國)有限公司大金空調技術(中國)有限公司 珠海格力電器股份有限公司珠海格力電器股份有限公司 青島海信日立空調系統有限公司青島海信日立空調系統有限公司 深圳麥克維爾空調有限
13、公司深圳麥克維爾空調有限公司 科慕化學(上海)有限公司科慕化學(上海)有限公司 江森自控日立萬寶壓縮機(廣州)有限公司江森自控日立萬寶壓縮機(廣州)有限公司 寧波奧克斯電氣股份有限公司寧波奧克斯電氣股份有限公司 山東神舟制冷設備有限公司山東神舟制冷設備有限公司 浙江正理生能科技有限公司浙江正理生能科技有限公司 南京五洲制冷集團有限公司南京五洲制冷集團有限公司 青島綠環工業設備有限公司青島綠環工業設備有限公司 浙江德富新能源技術有限公司浙江德富新能源技術有限公司 沈陽中航機電三洋制冷設備有限公司沈陽中航機電三洋制冷設備有限公司 28家單位參與起草:涵蓋了制冷空調設備及其安裝維修部門、研究院、高校
14、、制冷劑生產企家單位參與起草:涵蓋了制冷空調設備及其安裝維修部門、研究院、高校、制冷劑生產企業、回收設備生產和回收處理企業業、回收設備生產和回收處理企業 28 participants:covers the R&AC equipment manufacturs,after-sales service department,research institute,refrigerant production enterprises,recovery equipment production and recovery processing enterprises 7 目目 次次Catalog 1 范
15、圍范圍Scope 2 規范性引用文件規范性引用文件Normative References 3 術語和定義術語和定義Terms and Definitions 4 一般要求一般要求General Requirements 5 設計設計Design 6 產品開發和測試產品開發和測試 Product development and testing 7 制造制造Manufacture 8 安裝安裝Installation 9 維修維修/運行運行/保養保養Repair/Operation/Maintenance 10 報廢報廢Discard 11 制冷劑回收、再利用與處置制冷劑回收、再利用與處置Ref
16、rigerant recovery,reuse and disposal 附錄附錄A(資料性附錄)制冷劑回收作業操作程序(資料性附錄)制冷劑回收作業操作程序Appendix A(Informative Appendix)Operating Procedures for Refrigerant Recovery Operations 7 貫穿制冷劑全生命周期 設計設計design 制造制造Manufacture 安裝安裝install 開發和開發和 測試測試develop&test 報廢報廢Discard 運行運行 operation 維修維修 repair 保養保養maintenance 制冷
17、劑管理涉及的環節 8 1 適用范圍:適用范圍:氟代烴類制冷劑:氟代烴類制冷劑:HCFCsHCFCs、HFCsHFCs等含氟制冷劑,且主要針對制冷劑充注量大于等含氟制冷劑,且主要針對制冷劑充注量大于5 5噸二氧化碳當量的制冷空調設備。噸二氧化碳當量的制冷空調設備。Scope:Fluorohydrocarbon refrigerants:HCFCs,HFCs and other fluorinated refrigerants,and mainly for refrigeration and air conditioning equipment with refrigerant charge gr
18、eater than 5 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent.8 冷凍冷藏設備冷凍冷藏設備Refrigeration equipment 冷水冷水(熱泵熱泵)機組機組Water chilling(heat pump)packages 熱泵熱水機熱泵熱水機Heat pump water heater 單元式空調機單元式空調機Unitary air conditioner 多聯式空調多聯式空調(熱泵熱泵)機組機組multi-split air conditioning(heat pump)units 壓縮冷凝機組壓縮冷凝機組Compression condensin
19、g unit 注:制冷劑充注量大于注:制冷劑充注量大于5 5噸二氧化碳當量含義是:制冷劑充注量折合的噸二氧化碳當量含義是:制冷劑充注量折合的CO2CO2當量,數值為制冷劑充注當量,數值為制冷劑充注 量的實物噸乘以制冷劑的量的實物噸乘以制冷劑的全全球變暖潛值球變暖潛值(GWPGWP)。)。Note:If the refrigerant to be charged is greater than 5 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent,it means that the refrigerant to be charged is equivalent to the C
20、O2 equivalent.The value is the physical ton of the refrigerant to be charged multiplied by the global warming potential(GWP)of the refrigerant.9 3 術語和定義術語和定義Terms and Definitions 制冷劑循環系統制冷劑循環系統Refrigerant cycle system 制冷劑回收制冷劑回收Refrigerant recovery 制冷劑再循環制冷劑再循環Refrigerant recycling 制冷劑再生制冷劑再生Refrige
21、rant reclamation 制冷劑處置制冷劑處置Refrigerant disposal 9 10 5 設計設計Design 設計是制冷空調設備及系統進行制冷劑管理第一個環節,良好的設計將為后設計是制冷空調設備及系統進行制冷劑管理第一個環節,良好的設計將為后面環節制冷劑的管理打下良好的基礎。設計過程中,應采取盡可能減少制冷劑充面環節制冷劑的管理打下良好的基礎。設計過程中,應采取盡可能減少制冷劑充注量和泄漏的設計方案,比如盡量減少接頭、采取相關措施以減少振動引起的泄注量和泄漏的設計方案,比如盡量減少接頭、采取相關措施以減少振動引起的泄漏、安裝必要的截止閥和檢修閥、安裝泄漏監測儀等。漏、安裝
22、必要的截止閥和檢修閥、安裝泄漏監測儀等。Design is the first link of refrigerant management of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment and systems,and good design will lay a good foundation for the management of refrigerants in the later links.During the design process,design solutions should be adopted to minimize
23、 refrigerant charge and leakage,such as minimizing joints,taking relevant measures to reduce leakage caused by vibration,installing necessary shut-off valves and service valves,installing leak monitors,etc.10 11 6 產品開發和測試產品開發和測試Product development and testing 在產品開發和測試環節在產品開發和測試環節,規定了耐壓試驗規定了耐壓試驗、極限強度
24、試驗極限強度試驗、泄漏試驗泄漏試驗、制冷劑的處理制冷劑的處理、系統清潔系統清潔、抽真空抽真空、振動試驗振動試驗、數據記錄和保存的相關要數據記錄和保存的相關要求求。In the product development and testing process,the relevant requirements for withstand voltage test,ultimate strength test,leakage test,refrigerant treatment,system cleaning,vacuuming,vibration test,data recording and s
25、torage are specified.7 制造制造Manufacture 在制造環節在制造環節,提出了清潔提出了清潔、干燥干燥、泄漏試驗泄漏試驗、抽真空抽真空、保護充注保護充注、密封密封和 制 冷 劑 處 理 的 相 關 要 求和 制 冷 劑 處 理 的 相 關 要 求。In the manufacture process,the relevant requirements for cleaning,drying,leakage testing,vacuuming,protective charging,sealing and refrigerant treatment are propo
26、sed.11 12 8 安裝安裝Installation 在安裝環節,提出了所有的管道和接頭都應防止泄漏、現場耐壓試驗、現場在安裝環節,提出了所有的管道和接頭都應防止泄漏、現場耐壓試驗、現場泄漏試驗、現場抽真空、現場充注、制冷劑充注記錄和保存的相關要求。泄漏試驗、現場抽真空、現場充注、制冷劑充注記錄和保存的相關要求。In the installation process,all pipelines and joints should be leakage prevention,on-site withstand pressure test,on-site leakage test,on-sit
27、e vacuum,on-site charging,refrigerant charging record and preservation requirements are proposed.9 維修維修/運行運行/保養保養Repair/Operation/Maintenance 在維修過程中,本標準中規定不允許在同一系統中混用不同的制冷劑。如需改在維修過程中,本標準中規定不允許在同一系統中混用不同的制冷劑。如需改變系統的制冷劑,應執行變系統的制冷劑,應執行GB/T 9237 的規定。的規定。During maintenance,it is specified in this standar
28、d that it is not allowed to mix different refrigerants in the same system.If the refrigerant of the system needs to be changed,the provisions of GB/T 9237 should be implemented.12 13 在運行在運行/保養環節保養環節,本標準規定了工商用系統的制冷劑超過本標準規定了工商用系統的制冷劑超過5噸噸CO2當量當量,操作人員應對設備檢漏操作人員應對設備檢漏。檢檢漏應按以下頻率進行:漏應按以下頻率進行:In the operat
29、ion/maintenance process,this standard stipulates that the refrigerant of industrial and commercial systems exceeds 5 tons of CO2 equivalent,and the operator should detect the equipment for leakage.Leak detection should be carried out at the following frequency:a)設備的制冷劑不低于設備的制冷劑不低于5噸但少于噸但少于50噸噸CO2當量當
30、量,至少每至少每12個月檢漏一次;如果已安裝了在線制冷劑泄個月檢漏一次;如果已安裝了在線制冷劑泄漏監測儀漏監測儀,至少每至少每24個月檢漏一次個月檢漏一次。The refrigerant of the equipment is not less than 5 tons but less than 50 tons of CO2 equivalent,and leak detection is carried out at least once every 12 months;If an in-line refrigerant leak monitor is installed,leak dete
31、ction is carried out at least every 24 months.b)設備的制冷劑不低于設備的制冷劑不低于50噸但少于噸但少于500噸噸CO2當量當量,至少每至少每6個月檢漏一次;如果已安裝了在線制冷劑泄個月檢漏一次;如果已安裝了在線制冷劑泄漏監測儀漏監測儀,至少每至少每12個月檢漏一次個月檢漏一次。The refrigerant of the equipment is not less than 50 tons but less than 500 tons of CO2 equivalent,and leakage is detected at least once
32、 every 6 months;If an online refrigerant leak monitor is installed,leak detection is carried out at least once every 12 months.c)設備的制冷劑不低于設備的制冷劑不低于500噸噸CO2當量當量,至少每至少每3個月檢漏一次;如果已安裝了在線制冷劑泄漏監測儀個月檢漏一次;如果已安裝了在線制冷劑泄漏監測儀,至少每至少每6個月檢漏一次個月檢漏一次。The refrigerant of the equipment is not less than 500 tons of CO2
33、equivalent,and leakage is detected at least once every 3 months;If an online refrigerant leak monitor is installed,leak detection is carried out at least every 6 months.該檢漏頻率與現行的歐盟該檢漏頻率與現行的歐盟F-gas法規法規(Regulation(EU)No 517/2014)一致一致。This leak detection frequency is in line with the current EU F-gas R
34、egulation(Regulation(EU)No 517/2014).13 14 10 報廢報廢Discard 本節規定了報廢條件,提出待報廢設備應交由符合資質要求的回收拆解公司本節規定了報廢條件,提出待報廢設備應交由符合資質要求的回收拆解公司進行拆解報廢,拆解前對制冷劑進行回收和處理。進行拆解報廢,拆解前對制冷劑進行回收和處理。This section sets out the conditions for scrapping,and proposes that equipment to be scrapped should be dismantled and scrapped by a
35、 recycling and dismantling company that meets the qualification requirements,and the refrigerant is recovered and treated before dismantling.11 制冷劑回收、再利用與處置制冷劑回收、再利用與處置Refrigerant recovery,reuse and disposal 本節規定了制冷劑回收流程、回收安全要求、回收技術要求、制冷劑的貯存與本節規定了制冷劑回收流程、回收安全要求、回收技術要求、制冷劑的貯存與運輸等相關要求。運輸等相關要求。This sec
36、tion specifies the refrigerant recovery process,recovery safety requirements,recovery technical requirements,storage and transportation of refrigerants,and other related requirements.14 15 在在試驗、制造、維修、報廢等環節,設備和系統內的制冷劑嚴禁直接向大氣排試驗、制造、維修、報廢等環節,設備和系統內的制冷劑嚴禁直接向大氣排放。嚴禁利用制冷劑清潔系統和零部件,嚴禁利用制冷劑作為保護充注的氣體。放。嚴禁利用制冷
37、劑清潔系統和零部件,嚴禁利用制冷劑作為保護充注的氣體。應對所有的制冷劑進行回收利用或回收后進行再循環利用,或回收后按照國家應對所有的制冷劑進行回收利用或回收后進行再循環利用,或回收后按照國家規范送交有資質的單位進行再生利用或無害化處置。規范送交有資質的單位進行再生利用或無害化處置。In the testing,manufacture,maintenance,scrapping and other links,the refrigerant in the equipment and system is strictly prohibited to be directly emitted to t
38、he atmosphere.It is strictly forbidden to use refrigerant to clean systems and components,and it is strictly forbidden to use refrigerant as a protective gas charge.All refrigerants should be recovered or recycled after recovery,or sent to qualified units for recycling or harmless disposal in accord
39、ance with national regulations.設備維修需更換制冷劑循環系統零部件或若需打開和制冷劑連通的部分,應先設備維修需更換制冷劑循環系統零部件或若需打開和制冷劑連通的部分,應先回收制冷劑或者將制冷劑全部隔離在遠離泄漏點的部位(使用截止閥)?;厥罩评鋭┗蛘邔⒅评鋭┤扛綦x在遠離泄漏點的部位(使用截止閥)。Equipment maintenance requires replacement of refrigerant circulation system components or open the part connected with the refrigerant i
40、f necessary,the refrigerant should be recovered first or all refrigerant should be isolated away from the leakage point(use a shut-off valve).15 16 3 關鍵要求關鍵要求Key requirements 從業要求從業要求Practitioner requirements 企業:企業:制冷空調設備的維修、報廢處理等經營活動的單位,應當按照國家法律法規的規定向所制冷空調設備的維修、報廢處理等經營活動的單位,應當按照國家法律法規的規定向所在地縣級人民政府生
41、態環境主管部門備案。在地縣級人民政府生態環境主管部門備案。Enterprises:Enterprises engaged in business activities such as maintenance and scrapping of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment shall file with the competent department of ecology and environment of the government at the county level where they are located in ac
42、cordance with the provisions of national laws and regulations.從業人員:從業人員:The Professional 從事制冷劑處理、監管從事制冷劑處理、監管的人員還應掌握制冷劑管理相應的專業知識和技能,經考核合格后的人員還應掌握制冷劑管理相應的專業知識和技能,經考核合格后方可上崗方可上崗。Personnel engaged in refrigerant treatment and supervision should also master the corresponding professional knowledge and s
43、kills of refrigerant management,and can only take up their posts after passing the assessment.從業人員還應具有良好的環保意識,在操作過程中嚴禁故意排放制冷劑到大氣中。從業人員還應具有良好的環保意識,在操作過程中嚴禁故意排放制冷劑到大氣中。Practitioners should also have a good sense of environmental protection,and it is strictly forbidden to deliberately discharge refrige
44、rants into the atmosphere during operation.在涉及制冷劑的操作時,應嚴格按照規范執行,做好個人防護,如佩戴安全眼鏡、手套和在涉及制冷劑的操作時,應嚴格按照規范執行,做好個人防護,如佩戴安全眼鏡、手套和安全鞋等,避免液化制冷劑噴射到人身,因為它可能會導致凍傷。安全鞋等,避免液化制冷劑噴射到人身,因為它可能會導致凍傷。When it comes to the operation of refrigerants,it should be strictly carried out in accordance with the specifications,an
45、d personal protection should be done,such as wearing safety glasses,gloves and safety shoes,etc.,to avoid spraying liquefied refrigerant into the person,as it may cause frostbite.16 17 數據記錄數據記錄 Data Logging:消耗臭氧層物質管理條例消耗臭氧層物質管理條例完整保存有關生產經營活動的原始資料至少完整保存有關生產經營活動的原始資料至少3年,年,并按照國務院生態環境主管部門的規定報送相關數據。并按照國
46、務院生態環境主管部門的規定報送相關數據。The Regulations on the Administration of Ozone-Depleting Substances shall keep the original data related to production and business activities for at least 3 years,and submit relevant data in accordance with the provisions of the competent department of ecology and environment un
47、der the State Council.ISO9000質量管理體系質量管理體系:應在貫穿產品應在貫穿產品/服務實現過程控制并記錄產品服務實現過程控制并記錄產品/服務的唯服務的唯一性標識并保持記錄,防止發生混淆。一性標識并保持記錄,防止發生混淆。ISO9000 Quality Management System:Process control should be achieved throughout the product/service and the unique identification of the product/service should be recorded and
48、kept to prevent confusion.本標準還提出了制冷劑的使用應每年按照國家生態環境部門的規定申請配額或本標準還提出了制冷劑的使用應每年按照國家生態環境部門的規定申請配額或備案管理,并向行業協會報送使用數據。備案管理,并向行業協會報送使用數據。This standard also proposes that the use of refrigerants should apply for quota or record management in accordance with the provisions of the national ecological environm
49、ent department every year,and report the use data to the industry association.17 18 壓力和泄漏相關試驗壓力和泄漏相關試驗 Pressure and leakage related tests:在本標準中,在產品開發和測試、制造、安裝、維修環節均提出了泄漏試驗的要求;在產品開發在本標準中,在產品開發和測試、制造、安裝、維修環節均提出了泄漏試驗的要求;在產品開發和測試環節,提出了制冷空調設備應按照和測試環節,提出了制冷空調設備應按照GB/T 9237和產品標準的要求進行耐壓試驗和極限強度和產品標準的要求進行耐壓試驗
50、和極限強度試驗;在安裝環節,提出了大中型系統現場充注制冷劑前,系統應進行耐壓試驗。試驗;在安裝環節,提出了大中型系統現場充注制冷劑前,系統應進行耐壓試驗。In this standard,leakage test requirements are put forward in product development and testing,manufacturing,installation and maintenance;In the process of product development and testing,it is proposed that refrigeration an
51、d air conditioning equipment should be subjected to pressure test and ultimate strength test in accordance with the requirements of GB/T 9237and product standards;In the installation process,it is proposed that the system should undergo a pressure test before the large and medium-sized system is fil
52、led with refrigerant on site.按照壓力容器標準,從試驗的目的來說,壓力和泄漏相關試驗可以分為三類:耐壓試驗、泄漏類按照壓力容器標準,從試驗的目的來說,壓力和泄漏相關試驗可以分為三類:耐壓試驗、泄漏類試驗和驗證性強度試驗。耐壓試驗包括三類試驗:液壓試驗試驗和驗證性強度試驗。耐壓試驗包括三類試驗:液壓試驗(設計壓力的設計壓力的1.25倍倍)、氣壓試驗(設、氣壓試驗(設計壓力的計壓力的1.1倍)和氣液組合試驗(設計壓力的倍)和氣液組合試驗(設計壓力的1.1倍)。倍)。According to the pressure vessel standard,from the pu
53、rpose of the test,the pressure and leakage related tests can be divided into three categories:pressure test,leakage test and confirmatory strength test.The withstand pressure test includes three types of tests:hydraulic test(1.25 times the design pressure),air pressure test(1.1 times the design pres
54、sure)and gas-liquid combination test(1.1 times the design pressure).18 19 壓力和泄漏相關試驗壓力和泄漏相關試驗 Pressure and leakage related tests:泄漏類試驗分成兩類試驗:一類是考核容器中盛裝的介質是否存在向環境的不允許泄漏類試驗分成兩類試驗:一類是考核容器中盛裝的介質是否存在向環境的不允許泄漏,通常叫做泄漏試驗(外漏試驗),包括氣密性試驗、氨檢漏試驗、鹵素檢漏泄漏,通常叫做泄漏試驗(外漏試驗),包括氣密性試驗、氨檢漏試驗、鹵素檢漏試驗和氦檢漏試驗等;試驗和氦檢漏試驗等;Leakage
55、test is divided into two types of tests:one is to assess whether the medium contained in the container is not allowed to leak to the environment,usually called leakage test(leakage test),including air tightness test,ammonia leak test,halogen leak test and helium leak test;另一類是考核環境中的空氣是否存在向容器內部的不允許泄漏
56、,通常叫做真空試驗另一類是考核環境中的空氣是否存在向容器內部的不允許泄漏,通常叫做真空試驗(內漏試驗)。驗證性強度試驗包括爆破試驗和極限強度試驗(內漏試驗)。驗證性強度試驗包括爆破試驗和極限強度試驗。The other is to assess whether the air in the environment is not allowed to leak into the inside of the container,usually called a vacuum test(internal leakage test).Confirmatory strength tests includ
57、e burst tests and ultimate strength tests.19 20 泄漏監測和檢漏泄漏監測和檢漏 Leak monitoring and leak detection:制冷劑的泄漏為了及時被發現,需要對制冷劑的泄漏情況進行監測,監測到泄漏后,制冷劑的泄漏為了及時被發現,需要對制冷劑的泄漏情況進行監測,監測到泄漏后,使用檢漏儀或檢漏的措施找到泄漏口。使用檢漏儀或檢漏的措施找到泄漏口。In order to detect the leakage of refrigerant in time,it is necessary to monitor the leakage o
58、f the refrigerant,and after monitoring the leakage,use a leak detector or leak detection measures to find the leakage outlet.本標準規定了在運行本標準規定了在運行/保養環節檢漏的頻率要求,也規定了對制冷劑泄漏監測儀的配備保養環節檢漏的頻率要求,也規定了對制冷劑泄漏監測儀的配備要求:要求:a)制冷劑不低于制冷劑不低于500噸噸CO2當量設備的操作人員,工作時應配置制冷劑泄漏監測當量設備的操作人員,工作時應配置制冷劑泄漏監測儀,一旦發生泄漏將向操作人員或維修公司發出報警;儀,
59、一旦發生泄漏將向操作人員或維修公司發出報警;b)大中型制冷空調系統的機房大中型制冷空調系統的機房應配備制冷劑泄漏監測儀并與報警系統聯動,以預警早期制冷劑泄漏。應配備制冷劑泄漏監測儀并與報警系統聯動,以預警早期制冷劑泄漏。This standard specifies the frequency requirements for leakage detection in the operation/maintenance link,and also stipulates the requirements for the configuration of refrigerant leakage m
60、onitors:a)The operator of the refrigerant equipment with no less than 500 tons of CO2 equivalent should be equipped with a refrigerant leakage monitor when working,and an alarm will be issued to the operator or maintenance company once a leakage occurs;b)The computer room of large and medium-sized r
61、efrigeration and air conditioning systems should be equipped with refrigerant leakage monitors and linked with the alarm system to warn of early refrigerant leakage.20 21 抽真空抽真空Vacuuming:本標準的規定為:本標準的規定為:7.3 制造環節抽真空“進行工廠充注的系統進行泄漏試驗合制造環節抽真空“進行工廠充注的系統進行泄漏試驗合格后,應抽真空至絕對壓力格后,應抽真空至絕對壓力132Pa或相關標準及廠家文件規定的更低壓
62、力,去或相關標準及廠家文件規定的更低壓力,去除水蒸氣和不凝性氣體”;除水蒸氣和不凝性氣體”;The provisions of this standard are:7.3 Vacuum in the manufacturing process After passing the leakage test of the factory-charged system,it should be vacuumed to an absolute pressure of 132Pa or lower pressure specified in relevant standards and factory
63、documents to remove water vapor and non-condensable gases;8.4安裝環節現場抽真空“進行現場充注的系統進行泄漏試驗合格后,應抽真空安裝環節現場抽真空“進行現場充注的系統進行泄漏試驗合格后,應抽真空至絕對壓力至絕對壓力270Pa或相關標準及廠家文件規定的更低壓力,去除水蒸氣和不凝或相關標準及廠家文件規定的更低壓力,去除水蒸氣和不凝性氣體”。性氣體”。On-site vacuum in the installation link After the leakage test of the on-site charging system is
64、 qualified,it should be vacuumed to an absolute pressure of 270Pa or a lower pressure specified in relevant standards and manufacturer documents to remove water vapor and non-condensable gases.21 22 小小 結結 隨著全球對環境保護的日益重視,加強制冷空調設備及系統制冷劑的管理已經越來越受隨著全球對環境保護的日益重視,加強制冷空調設備及系統制冷劑的管理已經越來越受到各國的重視。到各國的重視。With
65、the increasing attention of the world to environmental protection,strengthening the management of refrigerants in refrigeration and air conditioning equipment and system has received more and more attention from all countries.制冷劑的管理貫穿在制冷空調設備的整個壽命期,涉及環節和操作人員多,經濟成本高,制冷劑的管理貫穿在制冷空調設備的整個壽命期,涉及環節和操作人員多,經濟
66、成本高,實施起來面臨眾多的壓力和挑戰。實施起來面臨眾多的壓力和挑戰。The management of refrigerants runs through the entire life cycle of refrigeration and air conditioning equipment,involving many links and operators,high economic costs,and facing many pressures and challenges in implementation.本標準的首次制定,就是一個良好的開端,未來還需要加強制冷劑管理相關的政策、法
67、本標準的首次制定,就是一個良好的開端,未來還需要加強制冷劑管理相關的政策、法規、標準制定和協調,推動制冷劑管理的落實實施,為規、標準制定和協調,推動制冷劑管理的落實實施,為蒙特利爾議定書蒙特利爾議定書履約做出應履約做出應有的貢獻。有的貢獻。The first formulation of this standard is a good start,and it is necessary to strengthen the development and coordination of policies,regulations,standards and regulations related to refrigerant management in the future,promote the implementation of refrigerant management,and make contributions to the implementation of the Montreal Protocol.22 23 23 謝謝 謝謝!