2020年自動駕駛安全報告 - 來福車（英文版）（43頁）.pdf

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1、Self-Driving Safety Report 2020 Content 03 05 07 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 10 13 17 21 22 27 28 31 33 Letter from CEO Logan Green Introduction Lyfts Safety Principles Consumer Education System Safety Operational Safety Operational Design Domain (ODD) Object and Event Detection and Response The eyes of ou

2、r cars The brain of our cars The knowledge of our cars Fallback - Minimal Risk Condition Validation Methods Human Machine Interface Cybersecurity Crashworthiness Post-Crash ADS Behavior Data Recording Federal, State, and Local Laws Conclusion Legal Disclaimer Glossary of Terms LYFT 2020 SELF-DRIVING

3、 SAFETY REPORT Letter from the CEO Lyft was founded in 2012 in part to use technology to radically shift the concept of personal transportation, becoming the first company to establish peer-to-peer, on-demand ridesharing. This was just the beginning of a movement to end car ownership and reclaim our

4、 cities that Lyft has been championing ever since. Fast-forward to 2020, and we are speeding toward the next phase of transportation innovation the era of autonomous vehicles. Lyft believes that self-driving cars will be critical to the improved transportation system of tomorrow, addressing the chal

5、lenges we face on todays roadways, including congestion, environmental impacts, access inequality, and most importantly, safety. We stand firm that self-driving cars have significant potential to make our roads safer than ever before by dramatically reducing the tragic effects of human error. Our vi

6、sion for the future of transportation is centered around people, and not cars. We recognize that to center transportation around people will require self-driving cars to be available and accessible in the day-to-day lives of Americans. This will remain an aspiration if safety is not front and center

7、. At Lyft, safety is fundamental to everything we do. Which brings us to the Voluntary Safety Self-Assessment (VSSA) that you are reading today. This document provides a transparent overview of Lyfts overarching safety principles and details our approach and methodology to autonomous vehicle develop

8、ment and safety. Ultimately, our goal for this VSSA is to deliver an objective framework for reference as we collaborate with the broader autonomous vehicle community, industry stakeholders and local, state, and federal policymakers and regulators to establish clear and transparent guidelines and re

9、gulations. Only together can we gain the publics trust and enable self-driving cars to deliver on their promise for safe, accessible, and environmentally sustainable transportation for the critical mass. To gain that level of trust, we recognize that it must be earned. Thats why weve developed a saf

10、ety methodology and multi-staged testing protocol that allows us to first demonstrate our Pioneering the future of transportation, together. 3 LYFT 2020 SELF-DRIVING SAFETY REPORT technology to be safe to ourselves, within controlled Lyft-owned testing environments, and then to regulators, as well a

11、s stakeholders, passengers and other road users. And since Lyfts focus on safety includes all types of transportation modes and road users, we think it is especially important to leverage this technology to address the safety of vulnerable road users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, and scooter r

12、iders. This is the path to public trust and adoption. As we continue to champion the future of transportation, Lyft remains wholeheartedly committed to our original mission: to improve peoples lives with the worlds best transportation. It is important to note that self-driving technology will take t

13、ime to evolve and it will take years or decades to be deployed at scale, across a wide range of geographies and environmental conditions. Even as self-driving cars become more prevalent, they wont be capable of doing all rides. Therefore, human drivers will continue to be a critical part of the Lyft

14、 platform and we are committed to our platform as a place to provide drivers with earnings opportunities now and for years to come. With the acceleration of our autonomous vehicle fleet, Lyft has the opportunity to deliver one of the most significant societal shifts since the advent of the car. We d

15、o not take that responsibility lightly, and we intend to lead this next phase of transportation innovation with integrity, humanity, and strong execution, ensuring the safety of our riders and our communities every step of the way. Together, we can make tangible progress toward realizing the future

16、of transportation with self-driving cars steering the way toward safer streets and healthier cities, while also making traffic a thing of the past. Letter from the CEO (continued) Sincerely, Logan Green Chief Executive Officer 4 LYFT 2020 SELF-DRIVING SAFETY REPORT Introduction Todays transportation

17、 system has many challenges, including congestion, environmental impacts, access inequality, and most importantly, safety. In the 2018 calendar year, 36,560 people died on our nations roads, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), with basic human error contributing

18、to 94% of the fatal crashes. Yet society has largely internalized such a large number of motor vehicle fatalities as the unavoidable byproduct of our transportation system, and have come to accept these outcomes as an acceptably “safe” system. Consequently, only modest, incremental progress has been

19、 made in the last decade to increase vehicle safety and reduce the number of fatalities. With the development of autonomous vehicle (AV) technology comes the long-awaited opportunity to significantly transform the entire transportation system for good. This change will be highlighted by advances in

20、personal and public safety, comprised primarily of the potential for AVs to reduce the effects of human error. When combined with the benefits in mobility, accessibility, and emissions reduction, AVs can help shape cities of the future to serve people, and not cars. Make no mistake Lyft understands

21、that for AVs to emerge as a mainstream transportation source, the public must first come to trust that the technology is safe and secure. Thats why everyone involved with Lyfts self-driving division from the operators and engineers to the data scientists and leadership is dedicated to earning and ma

22、intaining the trust of regulators, stakeholders, passengers, other road users, and of course, the public at large. For the public to put its collective trust in autonomous technology, there is a need for transparent and understandable methods and metrics to demonstrate safety, which is a complex tec

23、hnical challenge in itself. We believe that simplicity in metrics is key to solve this challenge in a way that the public can see and understand. Currently, we are partnering with others to create the transparent and understandable safety framework needed to forge a way forward to quantify and demon

24、strate the safety of AVs. Across transportation modes, Lyft is committed to improving safety for all, especially vulnerable road 5 LYFT 2020 SELF-DRIVING SAFETY REPORT users (VRUs) such as pedestrians, bicyclists, and scooter riders. As we develop and deploy AVs, a priority focus is on VRU safety an

25、d how the vehicles can operate safely in an environment amongst a growing number of vulnerable road users that are increasingly reliant on walking, biking, and scooting in dense urban areas. These ideas have shaped our AV program and brought us to our current state of testing and developing this tec

26、hnology. At this stage of development, Lyfts systematic safety approach includes the presence of human safety operators to reduce and mitigate risk. However, we fully expect to continuously advance the state of our technology to eventually operate without the immediate supervision of safety operator

27、s in the vehicle. This Voluntary Safety Self Assessment (VSSA) is intended to communicate our principled approach to AV safety, and to continue a forward-looking dialogue with regulators, legislators, partners, other stakeholders, and the public about the importance of this potentially safety-benefi

28、cial technology. Introduction (continued) 6 Safety is fundamental to everything we do. Because we want to focus on the outcome of increased safety, Lyft has established the following core safety principles that guide our autonomous vehicle program to help reduce all types of roadway risks: Improve a

29、utonomous technology Guard the safety of all road users Quantify safety through metrics Collaborate with others Maintain trust LYFT 2020 SELF-DRIVING SAFETY REPORT 7 Lyfts Safety Principles We will continuously seek to improve our AV technology to reduce the aggregate effect of human error on road s

30、afety by learning from experience and deliberately mitigating developmental risks. Our current transportation system in the US today is far from perfect, and in fact no system is ever perfect. We have to strive for thoughtful and timely continuous improvement, and we believe that we can improve the

31、transportation system by reducing the effects of human error that result in crashes. As we develop AV technology, Lyft believes it is critical to learn from experience as we systematically identify, understand, and resolve issues with this technology. We will strive to continuously mitigate risks an

32、d improve the technology through our systematic safety approach. We will guard the safety of all road users, while attending to the uniqueness of vulnerable road users (pedestrians, bicyclists, scooter riders, etc.). Walking, biking, and scooting are an increasingly important transportation mode in

33、our cities and suburbs. Lyft envisions cities designed for people (not cars), including a continuous presence of pedestrian and micro- mobility road users. Lyft believes that vulnerable road users (VRUs) deserve special attention as we develop self-driving technology. We are convinced that the vigil

34、ance of sensors that dont have human characteristics, such as getting distracted or sleepy, is potentially powerful in preventing collisions with people. We will focus on these road users and hope to leverage our knowledge and experience on how people use micro-mobility devices in cities to aid our

35、development of self-driving technology. LYFT 2020 SELF-DRIVING SAFETY REPORT We will quantify safety through metrics, and when possible compare AV performance to aggregate human driver performance. Lyft believes that establishing clear and understandable measures of safety for AVs is a critical step

36、 to earn the trust of our customers and stakeholders, including cities and states where we develop or intend to operate. To do that, we believe it is incumbent on industry developers to work with each other and with other stakeholders to develop simple, but meaningful, quantified metrics and methods

37、 to assure the safe operation of these vehicles. We also believe it is important to use these metrics, where possible, to compare to the performance of human drivers to understand societal outcomes for transportation safety. 8 Lyfts Safety Principles (continued) We will collaborate with others to sh

38、are safety best practices to improve safety for all road users. Safety is a fundamental consideration in developing AV technology, and Lyft believes that we should work together with other developers and stakeholders to deliver on the safety potential of this technology. In truth, developing this te

39、chnology is a significant technical and societal challenge, and AV developers and stakeholders must collaborate to establish and share best practices to further the safety of the transportation public. To that end, Lyft is committed to partnering with federal and state governments and other public a

40、nd private stakeholders to implement the safe testing and deployment of autonomous vehicles. LYFT 2020 SELF-DRIVING SAFETY REPORT We will maintain our customers and stakeholders trust in Lyft, and consider safety as critical to our decision-making process. The safety of the millions of people using

41、Lyfts mobility platform has been fundamental to Lyft since its founding. We have worked hard to earn the trust of our customers and stakeholders by continuously improving the safety of the Lyft platform by developing innovative products, policies, and processes. Lyfts approach to building an autonom

42、ous vehicle passenger service is no different, and customer safety and trust will always be the prime factors in our decision-making process. 9 Lyfts Safety Principles (continued) LYFT 2020 SELF-DRIVING SAFETY REPORT Consumer Education Since Lyfts founding, we have centered our platform around the s

43、afety of our users. Even before the first ride was given in 2013, we focused on building tools to help people get where they are going, and give them peace of mind about their safety. Were proud of our safety-first legacy and the standard for rideshare safety that it created, and were applying this

44、near decade of experience in rideshare safety to our autonomous future. Rider safety and education is fundamental to our approach. Whether its communicating with a rider on what to expect during a self-driving ride, providing in-car education, or offering riders multiple ways to provide feedback, we

45、re focused on giving our riders peace-of-mind during every step of the self-driving journey. Lyfts self-driving pilot program Our self-driving pilot program allows Lyft riders to engage directly with self-driving technology today, through the same Lyft app they already know and trust. Lyft riders in

46、 select markets are able to request a self-driving ride just as they would a standard Lyft ride, and offer feedback directly through their Lyft app. All pilot program rides include a safety operator in the drivers seat who is focused on safety at all times. Survey data shows this program allows cons

47、umers to gain a better understanding of self-driving technology. Ninety-five percent (95%) of riders in our Las Vegas, Nevada pilot are likely to take another self-driving ride in the future. Our rider journey Lyfts user experience is designed to help riders request self-driving rides seamlessly, un

48、derstand the technology that powers the ride, and engage with the technology safely. Before the ride: Through the Lyft app and on the site, our riders can learn about the benefits of self-driving technology, as well as the basics of how and where they can experience it. They can also hear from real

49、riders who have taken self-driving rides to help them better understand what to expect. Self-driving opt-in: At Lyft, we believe the decision to try a self-driving ride should sit with the rider. All self-driving rides on our network are opt-in: A rider can always choose to use a standard Lyft ride instead of a self-driving ride. In-app education: Before a self-driving ride is booked, the Lyft app educates the rider about key aspects of their self-driving ride, such as pick-up details and in-ride