Common Sense：2017年兒童媒體使用情況報告.pdf

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1、THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS: MEDIA USE BY KIDS AGE ZERO TO EIGHT 2017 Common Sense is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to improving the lives of kids, families, and educators by providing the trustworthy information, education, and independent voice they need to thrive in a world of media

2、 and technology. Our independent research is designed to provide parents, educators, health organizations, and policymakers with reliable, independent data on childrens use of media and technology and the impact it has on their physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development. For more info

3、rmation, visit monsense.org/research. Common Sense is grateful for the generous support and underwriting that funded this research report. The Morgan Family Foundation Peter and Helen Bing John H.N. Fisher and Jennifer CaldwellEva and Bill Price Carnegie Corporation of New YorkThe Grable Foundation

4、The David and Lucile Packard Foundation EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Opening Letter 4 Essays 6 Jenny Radesky: Taking Advantage of Real Opportunities to Help Families Overwhelmed by Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Michael H. Levine: M Is for Mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5、. . . . . . 6 Julin Castro: A Narrowing but Still Troubling Divide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 At a Glance: Evolution of Kids Media Use 20112017 9 Introduction 11 Methodology 12 Survey Sample . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Media Definitions . .

6、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Demographic Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Presentation of Data in the Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Key Findings 15 Conclusion 29 Board of Directo

7、rs 30 Board of Advisors 30 To access the full research report, visit www commonsense org/zero-to-eight-census 4 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS: MEDIA USE BY KIDS AGE ZERO TO EIGHT 2017 COMMON SENSE MEDIA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. At Common Sense, our mission has always been to help families navigate the vast a

8、nd ever-changing landscape of media and technology. To do this effectively, we have always focused on understanding the underlying attitudes and behaviors of parents and kids, as we believe that facts, consistently gathered, are vital to a productive dialogue. Before we can begin to understand the i

9、mpact of media and technology on kids and families, we have to better understand their attitudes and behaviors. And before we can begin to discuss how to best leverage media and technology for educational and social goals, it is essential to know which platforms kids prefer to use and what they like

10、 to do on those platforms. So in 2011, we embarked on our first Zero to Eight project in an endeavor to understand the patterns of media use among children in America. Today, we are grateful to be able to continue along the journey we started six years ago with our third Zero to Eight study, which g

11、ives us critical data tracking the incredible and far- reaching presence that devices and media have in the lives of our youngest population. We have leveraged the data from our Zero to Eight research to shape and inform much of our work over the past six years. When our data showed that children gr

12、avitate toward mobile apps, streaming media, and online video, we dedicated more resources to reviews, advice, and articles focused on those types of media. And as research shows the ubiquity of media and tech in family life, weve created initiatives to help families have meaningful conversations ab

13、out their digital lives. Weve also ramped up our reviews and ratings for educators in order to help teachers and administrators be informed about the most up-to-date educational technologies in classrooms. And weve developed a digital citizenship curriculum to help children become safe, productive,

14、and critical consumers of all types of media. Our findings have also fueled our advocacy efforts. Our agenda, from childrens privacy to universal access to high-quality early-learning programs, stems from the concerns parents relay to us in our research. Today, were thrilled to be able to build on t

15、he foundations of our prior research with this third Zero to Eight report, which is full of facts on current and emerging trends. Facts are both intriguing and essential to progress. They have the power to open our eyes and disabuse us of stereotypes. We were surprised, for example, to find out that

16、 children overwhelmingly prefer paper books over digital. Of the 29 minutes children spend reading each day, just three minutes occur on electronic devices. The rest are spent with old-fashioned printed books, debunking the notion that children want to do everything on a screen. THE COMMON SENSE CEN

17、SUS: MEDIA USE BY KIDS AGE ZERO TO EIGHT 5 2017 COMMON SENSE MEDIA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Other significant data on childrens media use in this report include: Kids age 8 and under spend an average of 2 hours and 19 minutes a day with screen media, roughly the same as in prior years. Where they spend

18、 that time, however, has changed dramatically. TV is still king, commanding 58 minutes a day of kids attention this year. But mobile is rapidly gaining ground, rising from 5 minutes a day in 2011 to 15 minutes in 2013 and now to 48 minutes a day in 2017. Meanwhile, time spent watching TV declined 11

19、 minutes over the same period. More families now subscribe to streaming video services such as Netflix and Hulu than pay for cable TV. Virtual reality headsets and voice-activated assistant devices are starting to make inroads. These technologies can be found in roughly one in 10 homes with young ch

20、ildren. Lower-income families continue to lag higher-income counterparts in internet and computer access. The gap in home computer access is 25 percentage points, while the gap in high-speed internet access at home is 24 percentage points, demonstrating that although the digital divide has narrowed,

21、 it remains an issue. Common Senses Zero to Eight studies represent an essential view into the media habits of children in the United States. Because our questions and methodologies have remained consistent, we are able to offer statistically reliable data on how media use among children has changed

22、 from 2011 to the present as technology has evolved. There is another revelation that came with the Zero to Eight initiative: We realized that we were not the only ones who needed this data. Since we published our second Zero to Eight study in 2013, the research has been cited more than 3,200 times

23、by hundreds of media outlets, including the New York Times, the Christian Science Monitor, the Washington Post, the Los Angeles Times, National Public Radio, CNN, Forbes, and Parents magazine. The study has also been cited by authors in more than 300 scientific journals, including Pediatrics and Chi

24、ld Development, both flagship journals of their respective organizations. That in turn has helped inform parents, educators, policymakers, pediatricians, and media creators as they make decisions about important matters affecting children, such as what types of educational media to produce and how m

25、uch screen time to recommend. We hope the research presented in this report will serve as a compass and inspiration as we all navigate the continually shifting technology landscape and strive to improve the quality of childrens media, help families achieve a healthy and balanced approach to media, a

26、nd teach our children to be critical thinkers wherever they encounter media. James P. Steyer Founder and Chief Executive Officer, Common Sense Reveta Franklin Bowers Chair, Common Sense Board of Directors 6 THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS: MEDIA USE BY KIDS AGE ZERO TO EIGHT 2017 COMMON SENSE MEDIA. ALL RIG

27、HTS RESERVED. M IS FOR MOBILE By Michael H Levine You may have heard that Sesame Streets beloved Cookie Monster has learned some valuable lessons in delaying his gratification and eating right. He now knows that his favorite chocolate chip treat is a “sometime food,” part of a balanced diet of fruit

28、s, vegetables, and the occasional hubcap! The same is true of childrens media diets. Some experiences may constitute “empty” calories that should certainly be limited, while others that are proven to be educational, like Sesame Street, are more substantive staples. But parents and educators cannot k

29、now what “balanced” means if they dont have an understanding of how kids are actually spending their time with media. Thanks to Common Senses Zero to Eight research initiative, we have a precise record of how much time kids spend on various types of media. We know what devices and platforms theyre u

30、sing. We know the types of activities they engage in. And we know how those patterns have changed over time. This years report contains a treasure trove of important find- ings. For me, the key one is the very rapid rise of mobile vis-a-vis other media, regardless of family income. In itself, mobile

31、 usage among young children is not a new phenomenon; our own research at the Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop has been documenting this trend since the introduction of the iPhone a decade ago. What is most interesting is the significant narrowing of the “app gap” as mobile device ownership

32、 has become more universal. And as this report documents, mobile is certainly here to stay. Children now spend 48 minutes a day on mobile devices. Thats a very substantial increase from just four years ago, when the daily average was 15 minutes! The big question now: Can well-designed mobile media p

33、ro- mote the type of parent-child “serve and return” dialogue that we know is so important to learning in the first few years of life? How can parents and educators ensure their children are engaging with well-designed, next-generation technologies as part of their balanced digital diet? We raised t

34、his concern nearly 10 years ago in a pioneering survey jointly conducted by the Cooney Center and Common Sense Media about the role of digital media in childrens lives. The question remains The findings from the 2017 Common Sense Zero to Eight Census tell me that we have a long way to go in helping

35、parents feel comfortable navigating the flood of new technologies in their homes. Ownership of smartphones, tablets, and new tech- nologies like virtual reality and virtual assistants continues to risewhich, in my research, parents describe as both a huge source of pleasure, but incredibly overwhelm

36、ing too. Even though the overall time of screen media use is unchanged, the nature and experience of media use are different: Mobile device use is more individual, immersive, and on-demand, and it influences interpersonal dynamics differently and can be harder to break yourself (or your child) away

37、from. For these reasons, parents describe it as more difficult to mediate and manage. My lower-income patients parents with lower digital literacy describe being particularly unsure how best to support their kids digital lives. Pediatricians see ourselves as child advocatesits part of our training.

38、So when we see parents and children feeling over- whelmed or engaging in heavy or inappropriate media use in the context of obesity, sleep problems, executive functioning, or strained relationshipsbehaviors that determine life course, health, emotional wellness, and productivitywe want to help. Whil

39、e our 2016 media guidelines were designed to be more family-centered and action-oriented, the Zero to Eight findings tell us that these messages are not reaching the majority of parents, especially the families facing more stress and adversity. But theres lots of interest, which gives us a huge oppo

40、rtunity to meet families where they are! Im hopeful that resources like the AAP guidelines and those provided by Common Sense Media can start to reach families through outreach not only in pediatric clinics, but also environments such as schools, birth-to-three or home-visiting programs, and early e

41、ducation centers. By TAKING ADVANTAGE OF REAL OPPORTUNITIES TO HELP FAMILIES OVERWHELMED BY TECHNOLOGY By Jenny Radesky THE COMMON SENSE CENSUS: MEDIA USE BY KIDS AGE ZERO TO EIGHT 7 2017 COMMON SENSE MEDIA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Michael H. Levine is the founding executive director of the Joan Ganz C

42、ooney Center at Sesame Workshop. The center conducts research, builds multisector alliances, and catalyzes industry and policy reforms needed to advance high-quality media experiences for all children. Michael also serves on the executive team at Sesame Workshop, where he focuses on educational impa

43、ct and partnerships for the global nonprofit. as relevant now as it has ever been, with technology continuing to morph at breakneck speeds. The Cooney Centers recent research suggests that many par- entsparticularly those with lower household incomesmay not feel confident with technology themselves,

44、 nor do they have the mentoring and support to find or use the highest-quality con- tent with their children to maximum advantage. And while the Zero to Eight report suggests that young children are increasingly facile in operating mobile technologies, we dont know yet how to best drive educational

45、and home-based practices to extend learning and development outside of the screen. New programs that support trusted media mentors such as librarians and that offer professional development on the effective use of digital media for early educators are now very much needed. Grounded in the reality of

46、 what children are doing every day, the data contained in this report will stimulate an important debate around many important questions. Todays increasingly mobile families have a real opportunity to tap the potential of media to help establish a foundation for lifelong learning and success. embedd

47、ing practical (e.g., where to look for good TV programs; how to handle a screen transition tantrum) and conceptual (e.g., how to teach a child to use media as a tool, and not be consumed by it) guidance in the contexts in which children live, we have the potential to be much more helpful to families

48、 in the distinct ways in which media integrates into families lives. We will also need the tech industrys support to help empower parents to use media the way that feels right for their family. The high rates of media use at bedtime is a great example. In my experience and that of my sleep specialist colleagues, changing bedtime media habits is exceedingly tough. All the motivational interviewing and behavioral charts in the world cant change some families use of tech at night. In addition to putting the onus on parents, pediatricians and media scholars should continue to wor