構建背景：尾礦設施的創新和管理.pdf

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1、FRAMING THE CONTEXTANGELA G.KPPER,Ph.D.,P.Eng.,FEICDirector,Principal Geotechnical Engineer,BGC EngineeringINNOVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF TAILINGS FACILITIESMIT Global Summit on Mine Tailings InnovationSeptember 19,2024Where we have been and progress so farCurrent risks,challenges and innovationOutlin

2、e3Several unacceptable catastrophic failures of tailings facilitiesAffected the mining industry social licenseAffected investors attitudesA recognition of cases of poor practices worldwide Management,engineering,construction and/or operationCompounding the issue Unprecedented increase in tailings pr

3、oduction projected in the near futureIncreased societal expectations of the mining industry for high standards of social and environmental stewardshipWhere we have been4Response to catastrophic failures of tailings facilitiesICMM,UNEP and PRI initiativeDevelopment of a supporting document:Global Ind

4、ustry Standard on Tailings Management(GISTM)ICMM Good Practice Guide5GISTM required the Board of Directors adopt and publish a policy on or commitment to the safe management of tailings facilities.This creates the overarching guidance that sets the safety culture for the company.Requirement to appoi

5、nt an Accountable Executive answerable to the CEO and with scheduled communication with both the EoR and the Board.GISTM led to a change of tailings management from asset-centric to portfolio-centric.Where we are todayBroad global acceptance and implementation of the GISTMSignificant progress in tai

6、lings-related governance6Where we are todayMore awareness of tailings technical issues and risk managementSome progress in tailings training and educationCreative initiatives by mining companies to train their personnel and service suppliers.Synergetic relationship between industry and academia7Thus

7、,we need to focus on accelerating development and innovation.but there is still a lot to be done Wider implementation of the GISTMChallenges upgrading and managing existing and legacy facilitiesAddress the exponential increase in tailings production Improve approaches to new tailings facilities incl

8、uding closure8A fundamental pointManaging risk and maintaining the integrity of tailings facilities at all stages of their lifecycle is paramount.Risk management must guide all considerations for development and implementation of innovative approaches and tools.Innovation carries inherent risks and

9、potential unintended consequences due to limited real-time,full-scale performance data and experience in complex physical and human environments.9Risk and challenges provide direction for the most effective innovation.The can opener wasnt invented until more than 50 years after the can.10Risks and C

10、hallengesWaterClosureRegulatory SystemTechnologyPeople11HydrologyRequirements for surface water management on and around a tailings facility to reduce the risks of excessive erosion and overtopping.Climate change is expected to bring higher frequency of events of higher intensity and more uncertaint

11、y in predictions,challenging risk management.Water-likely the biggest risk relative to dam integrityRisks and Challenges:Water12Management of water in the groundNegative impact on the strength of foundation soils and tailings depositsDegree of saturation also affects the strength of materials and th

12、eir liquefaction potential cannot be readily and accurately determined for in situ tailings depositsRisks and Challenges:WaterInfiltration assessment and managementPotential for significant rise in groundwater level13Risks and Challenges:WaterSome areas that could benefit from further development an

13、d innovation:Refinements in meteorological and hydrological assessment in a dynamic climate situationErosion/scour prediction and managementEmergency spillway design and performanceInfiltration assessment and management especially for filtered,dewatered deposits Characterization of unsaturated mater

14、ials14Risks and Challenges:ClosureClosure issues will become increasingly important given the current social and cultural changes and where they can be expected to go.There is significant development to be had in most disciplines and aspects of closure,especially considering the long timeframes invo

15、lved.Must be considered in the early stages of any project and included in conceptual design of tailings facilities15Risks and Challenges:ClosureMust be considered on the overall cost of the enterprise from mining,processing,tailings disposal and closureCan have a positive impact on permitting,publi

16、c acceptance and cost through the life of the facility.In most jurisdictions there is little to no guidance on the long-term stewardship of closed tailings sites,including:transfer of ownership,maintenance,and governance.16Risks and Challenges:Regulatory SystemRegulations and personnelIn many jurisd

17、ictions,the regulatory system has not kept up to the current needs of the industry.Regulations need updating to adequate modern standards.Poor definition of closure requirements.Shortage of qualified personnel in regulatory agencies.Industry support and political support are necessaryRegulatory syst

18、em can support tailings management17Worldwide shortage of qualified tailings professionals at all levelsChallenges attract/retain people and provide professional trainingFormation of tailings professionals support from academiaRisks and Challenges:PeopleTailings ProfessionalsFormation:The process of

19、 guiding a person to a deeper understanding of a particular knowledge area and its theoretical fundamentals.It includes the development of perspectives,ways of thinking,knowing,and doing.18Risks and Challenges:PeopleTailings ProfessionalsTechnical formation needs to lead to the development of:A soli

20、d understanding of the natural phenomenaA strong grasp of the assumptions and simplifications in the models A clear and critical thinking process for effective problem solving and innovationAn ability to report on the above in a logical,clear and concise manner19More needs to be done to engage commu

21、nities-early in the processRisks and Challenges-PEOPLERisks and Challenges:PeopleCommunity RelationsDevelopment of productive relationshipsCommunication of risk20Risks and Challenges:TechnologyRecent developments are focused on:Tailings processingFiltration,co-deposition,chemical treatment,etc.Taili

22、ngs characterizationCPT,VST,geophysics,laboratory testsTailings deposit behaviour(saturated and unsaturated conditions)Surface deformation monitoring of tailings facilities by remote sensing21Risks and Challenges:TechnologyRecent developments are focused on:Dam breach analysesApproaches to risk asse

23、ssment and ALARPField instrumentationAll risks and challenges are opportunities for innovation!Integration from resource drilling through mining,processing,tailings disposal and closure will be critical;multidisciplinary work is a must.We are now working within a new cultural,social,legal and financ

24、ial context.These are exciting times that support high quality,sustainable mining that is both beneficial to society and environmentally responsible.CONCLUDING REMARKSBGC LocationsCANADAVICTORIAVANCOUVERKELOWNAKAMLOOPSCALGARYEDMONTONTORONTOSUDBURYUSAGOLDENNASHVILLECHILESANTIAGOKINGSTONOTTAWAMONTREALQUEBEC CITYDOMINICAN REPUBLICSANTO DOMINGOAUSTRALIABRISBANEwww.bgcengineering.caThank YouHALIFAXFREDERICTONAngela G.Kupper,Ph.D.,P.Eng.,FEICDirector,Principal Geotechnical Engineerakupperbgcengineering.ca24