中國農業大學：青島秸稈綜合利用現狀與項目實施方案2018-2020（40頁）.pdf

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1、青島秸稈綜合利用現狀與項目實施方案（2018-2020）Findings and Outcomes of the Survey and Description of the Workplan(2018-2020)何進 教授/He Jin,Professor中國農業大學/China Agricultural University農業農村部保護性耕作研究中心Conservation Tillage Research Center,MoA,P.R.China匯報匯報提綱提綱/outline/outline一、背景介紹Background二、效益評估Socio-economic assessment三

2、、項目實施方案Project strategy背景背景 Background青島適合農業生產Suitable for agricultural production 位于山東省南部，毗鄰黃海South of Shandong province,adjacent to the Yellow Sea.總面積(Area)10,654 km2;人口(Population)7629.2 thousand 溫帶季風性氣候，典型海洋性氣候Temperate monsoon climate with distinctive marine climate characteristics 土地和水資源豐富，一年兩

3、熟（小麥-玉米）Rich in land and water resources,annual double cropping area(winter wheat-summer maize)青島秸稈量巨大，每年可收集秸稈量約4百萬噸About annual 4 million tons straws can be collected 05010015020025030035040045020132014201520162017小麥玉米花生tons背景背景 Backgroundmaize potatowheat peanut萊西秸稈綜合利用面臨著巨大的壓力Great challenge for

4、Laixi!青島秸稈分布青島秸稈分布Straw distribution 分布在平度，萊西，膠州，即墨；The crops mainly distributes in Pingdu,Laixi,Jiaozhou and Jimo 萊西面積為105萬畝，單產433 kg/畝Crop yield:6500 kg/ha 萊西小麥、玉米、花生秸稈產量超過80萬噸The three main crops(Wheat,Maize and Peanut)annually produce 800 thousand tons of straws背景背景 Background秸稈綜合利用Integrated St

5、raw Management1.肥料化Fertilizer2.飼料化Fodder3.能源化New energy resources4.基料化Base stock5.原料化Industry material肥料化 秸稈直接還田Straws returning to the fields堆漚還田Pre-decomposed returning秸稈利用方式 Straw utilizationFertilizer牛糞還田Manure straw returning青貯飼料Ensilage沼氣工程Biogas production秸稈利用方式 Straw utilization生物質發電Power ge

6、neration喂牛feeding cattle飼料化Fodder能源化Energy resource秸稈利用方式 Straw utilization食用菌養殖Cultivating fungi造紙Papermaking手工藝品Crafts production基料化Base stock原料化Industry material青島五化利用都有，其中肥料化，飼料化最多，均大于百萬噸All 5 straw usage are found,straw used as fertilizer and fodder are the majority and larger than 1 billion to

7、ns青島秸稈綜合利用 Straw usage in Qingdao萊西秸稈萊西秸稈綜合利用率較高綜合利用率較高The ratio of straw integrated utilization in Laixi is high主要主要秸稈利用模式包括：秸稈還田秸稈利用模式包括：秸稈還田，青貯飼料青貯飼料，沼氣沼氣工程工程Main straw utilization patterns:straw returning,ensilage,biogasproduction萊西秸稈綜合利用萊西秸稈綜合利用Straw usage in Laixi秸稈利用,88%廢棄焚燒,12%效益評估Beneficial

8、 impacts肥料化利用減少肥料投入Save agricultural cost as fertilizer飼料化利用減少飼料投入Save agricultural cost as fodder提升土壤肥力增加作物產量Increase soil fertility and crop yield作為工藝品原材料從而實現增收Reasonable use of crops straws can enrich the production of rawmaterials經濟效益 Economic benefitsNoSiteStraw typePatternEconomic benefitsRefe

9、rence1LaixiWheatDirect straw returningSaved chemical fertilizer of 119-149 kg/ha2JimoMaizeEnsilageIncreased 180-225 RMB/ha for farmers;Improved milk production and meat yield by 15%and 10%Dong et al.(2011)3JiaozhouPotatoPre-decomposed straw returningIncreased 2.2 t/ha wheat yieldRen et al.(2017)4Jia

10、ozhouMaize/WheatBiological fertilizerAnnual sales of 50 thousand tons biological fertilizer,sales of more than 70 million RMBZhu et al.(2009)5LaixiCarrotDirect straw returningIn 2017,increased yield of 9.7%Ding et al.(2017)6PingduWheatDirect straw returningIn 2017,increased yield of 5.5%Ding et al.(

11、2017)7PingduMaizeBiological fertilizerAnnual production of 25 thousand tons of solid bio-organic fertilizer and 22 thousand tons of liquid organic fertilizerWang J.M.(2016)8QingdaoMaizeEnsilageIncrease farmers income by more than 80 million RMBZhu X.L.(2007)9QingdaoVarious strawBiogas production/Gas

12、ification fuel200 thousand tons crop straw were consumed,increased farmers income by 33 million RMBDong et al.(2011)10LaixiMaizeEnsilageA cow produced 30 kg/d of milk,annual income was 1.12 billion RMB based on 30 thousand cows11LaixiMaizeManure straw returningReduced 448-746 kg/ha of chemical ferti

13、lizer12JiaozhouWheatDirect straw returningReduced 600 kg/ha chemical fertilizers;increased 1.0 t/ha wheat yield and 3,000 RMB/ha incomeRen et al.(2017)13LaixiWheat/MaizePower generationQingdao Qiquan biomass power generation annually generated 308 million kWh of electricity and increased income by 1

14、00 million RMBThe comprehensive utilization of straw can prolongthe relevant industries chain,and achieve multiplevalue-added incomes秸稈綜合利用和延長相關產業鏈，獲得多重效益替代不可再生能源Replace non-renewable resources保護環境Protect environment生態效益 Ecological benefits秸稈中富含豐富的N,P,K元素，可替代部分肥料，增加土壤有機質含量，提升土壤肥力Nutrient resources s

15、uch as N,P and K are rich in straw.Increase soil SOC,improve soil fertility秸稈綜合利用可提高秸稈利用率，減少秸稈焚燒Increase straw usage,reduce straw burning秸稈還田可減少水土流失,減少溫室氣體排放Reduce soil/water lose and GHG emission秸稈造紙可以保護森林資源Protect forest resource by papermaking with straw可作為原料進行生物發電，替代不可再生能源Used as energy resource

16、,to replace non-renewableresources改善土壤質量Improve soil fertility社會效益 Social benefits增加秸稈資源利用途徑Broaden the channel of straw resource utilization助力農業發展，提升農村經濟Promote the development of agriculture and rural economy項目實施方案Project strategy目標目標1：調研青島萊西秸稈綜合利用現狀：調研青島萊西秸稈綜合利用現狀Objective 1:Investigate the statu

17、s and benefits ofintegrated straw utilization in Laixi,Qingdao目標目標2：篩選適宜的秸稈綜合利用技術模式：篩選適宜的秸稈綜合利用技術模式Objective 2:Select and recommend technical patterns ofintegrated straw utilization目標目標3：建立示范點進行示范推廣：建立示范點進行示范推廣Objective 3:Establish demonstration sites of integratedstraw utilization in Laixi目標目標4：提升當

18、地農民和技術人員水平：提升當地農民和技術人員水平Objective 4:Promote technology level of farmers andtechnicians項目目標項目目標 Objectives1.調研青島萊西現有秸稈綜合利用模式Survey on status of integrated straw management in Qingdao2.選擇適宜的秸稈綜合利用模式Selection of integrating straw utilization pattern 3.評估并優化秸稈還田技術模式Analysis and optimization of technical

19、 pattern of integrated straw utilization 4.在萊西進行秸稈綜合利用技術示范Demonstration of integrated straw utilization technical patterns 5.提升當地農民技術水平Training of high-efficient and integrated technology for local farmers and technicians項目實施方案項目實施方案 Project strategy內容一內容一秸稈綜合利用現狀調研秸稈綜合利用現狀調研Activity 1:Status of int

20、egrated straw utilization文獻分析Literature analysis青島秸稈綜合利用現狀調研Survey on status of integrated straw management實地調研Field survey內容二內容二技術模式篩選技術模式篩選Activity 2:Selection of technical patterns技術模式篩選 Selection of technical pattern根據秸稈綜合利用現狀和效益分析，選擇在萊西進行示范Demonstration at Laixi主要有三化：肥料化、飼料化、能源化示范Straw used as

21、fertilizer,fodder and new energy resource秸稈覆蓋秸稈混埋Covered on soilMixed with soil秸稈處理Straw handling土壤耕作Tillage methods少免耕No/minimum tillage旋耕Rotary tillage1.肥料化肥料化 Fertilizer直接還田 Direct straw returning秸稈覆蓋秸稈覆蓋：作物收獲-秸稈粉碎還田-少免耕播種Soil cover:Crop harvest straw chopping and mulching no-till seeding秸稈混埋秸稈混埋

22、：作物收獲-秸稈粉碎拋撒-旋耕秸稈混埋-播種Straw mixed with soil:Crop harvest straw chopping and spreading straw mixing seeding1.肥料化肥料化 Fertilizer 牛糞還田Cow dung returning堆肥發酵（添加腐熟劑）撒肥 免耕播種Composting(adding decomposition agent)fertilizerspreading no-tillage seeding1.肥料化肥料化 Fertilizer 沼渣還田 Biogas residues returning 沼渣再次發酵人

23、工或者機械拋撒免耕播種Biogasresiduesre-fermentationmanuallyandmechanically fertilizer spreading no tillage seeding2.飼料化飼料化 Fodder玉米玉米青貯收獲秸稈儲存發酵喂牛Maize harvesting straw storage and fermentation feeding cow 小麥（花生）小麥（花生）收獲秸稈儲存攪拌喂牛Harvesting wheat(Peanut)straws storage Mixing feeding cow3.能源化能源化 New energy resourc

24、e秸稈沼氣Biogas 原材料（牛糞）堆漚發酵生產沼氣供暖供氣Raw material composting and fermentation produce biogas heating supply and cooking 4.基料化基料化 Base stock蘑菇養殖 Cultivating fungi 如果資金等支持,if enough budget材料儲存腐解發酵蘑菇種植管理采收Material reserving fermentation planting fungi management harvest內容三內容三技術模式優化技術模式優化Activity 3:Optimizati

25、on of technical patterns田間試驗Field test三、技術模式優化三、技術模式優化 Optimization調查問卷Questionaire經濟效益肥料等投入 Investment牛奶產量 Milk yield作物產量Crop yield生態效益有機質含量 SOC content土壤理化性質 Soil properties社會效益秸稈利用率 Straw usage機具優化秸稈還田機具 Straw returning machine牛糞拋撒機 Cattle dung scatter machine技術模式優化內容四內容四示范示范Activity 4:Demonstrat

26、ion在萊西建立一個秸稈綜合利用示范點Establish 1 pilot site in Laixi秸稈還田示范田300畝/20ha for straw used as fertilizer牛75頭/75 head of cows沼氣池600m3/Biogas digester(600m3)四、技術模式示范四、技術模式示范 Demonstration 青島志濤農機專業合作社 Qingdao ZhitaoAgricultural Machinery Specialized Cooperative內容五內容五技術技術培訓培訓Activity 5:Technical training課堂培訓Clas

27、s training五、技術五、技術培訓培訓Technical training 提高農民與技術人員技術水平Improve the technical level of local technicians and farmers in integrated straw utilization田間參觀Field tour討論Discussion 調研青島秸稈綜合利用模式/Survey and selection of integrated straw utilization pattern 研討會/Workshop 示范點建立/Establishment of demonstration sit

28、e肥料化利用：秸稈直接還田，牛糞還田Used as fertilizer:Soil cover,cow dung returning to the fields飼料化利用：青貯玉米Used as fodder:Ensilage maize項目計劃項目計劃 workplan-2018項目計劃項目計劃 workplan-2019 技術模式優化（肥料化、飼料化）/Optimizing straw utilization patterns(used as fertilizer and fodder)沼渣還田利用、沼氣能源化利用/Biogas residues returning to the fiel

29、ds,Biogas 肥料化飼料化能源化示范/Demonstration of straw used as fertilizer,fodder and biogas 田間試驗/Field testing 技術培訓/Technical training項目計劃項目計劃 workplan-2020完善秸稈綜合利用技術/Optimize integrated straw utilization patterns技術示范/Demonstration of integrated straw utilization技術培訓/Technical training中國農業大學China Agricultural

30、 University 青島志濤農業合作社Qingdao Zhitao agricultural machinery specialized cooperative青島農機局Qingdao Municipal Agricultural Machinery Administration萊西農機局LaixiAgricultural Machinery Administration合作單位合作單位 Partners聯合國可持續農業機械化中心Center for Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization技術研究Technical research項目總體規劃Management and Guiding of theproject組織會議、培訓、示范Organizing workshop,technicaltraining,demonstration示范點Demonstration siteThanks！