約瑟夫·F·康納-美國生豬生產商如何在低利潤市場生存.pdf

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1、本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿美國生豬生產商如何在低利潤市場生存How American pig producers survive in low profit markets約瑟夫F康納Joseph F.ConnorThe Belt and Road International Pig Industry Conference“一帶一路”國際生豬產業大會蘇州本愿農業技術服務有限公司SUZHOU ASPIRE AGRITECH CONSULTING CO.,LTD一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Agenda 提綱 History 歷史 Key Drivers 主要驅動因素 Action

2、s 行動 Summary 總結一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Average Loss-$27 per head 平均損失-每頭27美元19 Months 19個月愛荷華上市豬的利潤分娩到育肥，月度美元/頭一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Farrow to Finish Operation Revenue and Costs分娩到育肥的運營收入和成本Average Cost/cwt carcass Average Profits/Hd 平均成本/每英擔胴體重 平均利潤/頭2020$63.68-2021$80.65$21.492022$95.21$4.482023

3、$97.31$-27.712024$86.13$20.24Iowa State 一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿You cannot change what you cannot measure 你無法改變你無法衡量的Evaluate Every Input Cost評估每一項投入成本Production 生產Financial 金融Stay current 與時俱進5一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Top 10 Costs Breed-to-Wean配種到斷奶的十大成本 Gestation feed 妊娠料 Labor 人力 Lactation feed 哺乳

4、料 Depreciation 折舊 Facilities&Equip 設施設備 Gilt Purchases 購買后備母豬 Gilt Developer Feed 后備母豬料 Semen Purchases 購買精液 Pharmaceuticals 藥品 Repairs/Maintenance 維修/維護 Interest 利息一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿 Feed 飼料 Wean pig 斷奶豬 Facility 設施 Labor 人力 Mortality 死亡率Top 10 Costs Breed-to-Wean配種到斷奶的十大成本一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行

5、 達其所愿Cost Acceleration 成本加速 Facilities 設施 Labor 人力 Interest 利息 Insurance 保險 Electricity 電 Supplies 物資 Equipment 設備一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Optimizing Costs 成本最優化 Measure it 測量它 Manage it 管理它 Improve it 提高它不能衡量的就不能管理彼得德魯克一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Balanced System 平衡的系統10一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Balanced S

6、ystem 平衡的系統 Correct sow inventory 正確母豬存欄 Optimum lactation length/wean age 最佳哺乳期長度/斷奶日齡 Adequate weaning weight(6 kgs)斷奶體重要足夠高（6公斤）Wean to finish throughput 斷奶到育肥產量 105-107%of capacity 產能的105-107%Optimum space per pig 每頭最佳占地面積 Target harvest weight(Kgs)目標上市體重（公斤）一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Review your e

7、ntire system 回顧整個系統1.Weaning weight 斷奶重2.Health 健康3.Vaccinations 免疫4.Feed ingredients 飼料原料5.Finishing square feet/pig 每頭育肥豬占地多少立方英尺6.Building design 圈舍設計7.Ventilation 通風8.Feeder design 料槽設計9.Water availability 水的可用性10.SOP implementation SOP的實施12一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Health 健康 Health drives Average

8、 Daily Feed Intake健康水平決定平均日采食量 Average Daily Feed Intake drives gain平均日采食量決定增重 High Health=High ADG 健康水平高=日增重高 Poor Health=Increased mortality 健康水平低=死亡率增高 Increased mortality=less pounds out the door 死亡率上升=上市總重減少 Less pounds=Reduced ADG and lost Revenue上市總重減少=平均日增重下降，收入減少Health 健康 13一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐

9、本而行 達其所愿一些豬病的經濟影響病原成本參考豬流感病毒A型藍耳病毒豬肺炎支原體藍耳+支原體藍耳+豬流感豬流感+支原體勞森菌豬痢疾一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Health Status at Weaning Matters斷奶時的健康狀況很重要斷奶時藍耳狀況斷奶時支原體狀況陰性穩定不穩定陰性穩定不穩定斷奶到育肥死亡率斷奶到育肥死亡率一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Assessing the Production and Economic Impact of Disease評估疾病對生產和經濟的影響定義健康狀況 監測生產力數據健康狀況+生產數據 估算藍耳豬流行

10、性腹瀉支原體持續的診斷&臨床監測關鍵指標，例如死亡率或日增重數據分析感染支原體的成本為3.6美元/頭，從1.5到9.1美元不等一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Optimizing Health 健康最優化 It starts with a healthy pig coming into the barn開始時，一頭健康豬進入舍內 PRRS negative sow herd 藍耳陰性的母豬場 SIV/Myco stable/negative sow herd 母豬場的豬流感/支原體穩定/陰性 Optimize PCV2 vaccine timing 優化PCV2疫苗接種時間 V

11、accination should be done before 5 weeks of age 應在5周齡之前免疫 Ideal weaning weight 理想的斷奶重 6 kgs pounds average 平均斷奶重6公斤 Ideal weaning age 理想的斷奶日齡 23-25 days 23-25日齡17一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Health Programs 健康計劃 There are no standard health programs 無標準的健康計劃 Herd health programs are a continual series of

12、 calculated efforts individually designed for each farm to maximize production and optimize costs 健康計劃是為每個場量身定制的可以計算的一系列努力，從而讓生產最大化，成本最優化。18一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Herd 2 Weekly In Process 22-20 to 23-51 從2022年第20周到2023年第51周，2場的每周成績一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Health 健康20 Stabilize the health of the sour

13、ce sow farms穩定源頭母豬場的健康狀況 Pigs can be kept healthy after weaning if production systems and pig flows are designed and implemented correctly如果生產系統和豬流設計合理，實施正確，仔豬斷奶后就會保持健康 Biosecurity is critical to keeping breeding and growing pig herds healthy 要保持種豬群和生長豬群健康，生物安全是關鍵 Everything pales in comparison to p

14、ig-to-pig transmission and spread of diseases via live-haul 與豬與豬之間通過活體運輸傳播疾病相比，一切都相形見絀 The best health programs have no value unless they are carried out最好的生物安全計劃如果不執行，就沒有價值 Build in implementation steps that ensure health products are administered and administered correctly列出實施步驟，確保使用并正確使用動物保健品一帶一路

15、國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Production Systems 生產系統21 All-inAll-out 全進全出 Works well with single-sources pigs by site,barn,and room in that order of effectiveness按照場、棟、單元做到單一來源豬只的有效的全進全出“Old-style”continuous flow perform well if they are placed healthy and stay healthy老式的連續式豬流管理如果能設置好，保持健康，那就可以運行良好 Pigs of m

16、ultiple weekly age groups are reared in the same space多種日齡的豬只群體在同一空間內飼養一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Production Systems 生產系統22 Straight-line distribution 直線分布 Replacement gilts from daughter nucleus and gilt multiplier farms 后備母豬來源于核心母豬場和后備擴繁場 Market pigs from sow farms through nurseries and finishers 上市豬

17、來源于母豬場，經過保育和育肥階段 Reduces the occurrence of health problems 減少健康問題的發生 Must compensate for the reduced facility utilization設施利用減少，必須補償一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Optimize Feed Costs 優化飼料成本23 Common occurrences in large swine operations are 大豬場常見的情況是 Not following feed budgets 不遵守飼料預算 Delivering the wrong

18、feed to the wrong bin把錯誤的料打進錯誤的料塔 Over-feeding sows during gestation 妊娠期過度飼喂 Unanticipated increases in feed ingredient costs,especially grains and protein sources意料之外的飼料原料成本增加，尤其是谷物和蛋白原料 Poor production by the breeding herd inflates feed cost per weaned pig種豬群生產成績差，每頭斷奶仔豬的飼料成本就會增高一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而

19、行 達其所愿Optimize Feed Costs優化飼料成本 Particle size 顆粒大小 Target 500-550microns 目標是500-550微米 Feed conversion ratio will decrease by 1.2%for every 100 microns over 600 直徑600微米以上，每增加100微米，飼料效率將會降低1.2%FOLLOW FEED BUDGETS!按照飼料預算行事！Avoid overfeeding diets,especially the earlier phases避免過度飼喂，尤其是早期階段 Can cost up

20、to$0.65 per pig 成本可高達0.65美元/頭 If mortality is over target/disease outbreak,recalculate budgets and adjust amount delivered for subsequent phases 如果死亡率超過目標/疾病暴發，重新做預算，調整后續階段的飼喂量一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Optimize Feed Usage優化飼料使用 Continue to evaluate ingredient costs 持續評估原料成本 Fat price 脂肪價格 For each 1%a

21、dded fat,improve FCR by up to 1.5%每1%添加的脂肪改善能讓飼料效率改善高達1.5%Fat to Corn breakeven is about 4:1.脂肪：玉米的收支平衡點約為4:1 If corn is$0.07/pound,you can affort to pay up to$0.28/pound for fat如果玉米價格為0.07美元/磅，你可以給脂肪最高花費為0.28美元/磅 High Soybean meal price 豆粕價格高 Add more synthetic lysine to diets,potential cost saving

22、s of up to$6/ton 日糧中添加更多合成賴氨酸，潛在飼料成本可節約多達6美元/噸一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Cost Mitigation 降低成本26 Health products 保健品 Water medications of nursery and finishing pigs are typically overused and not well monitored for efficacy 經常為保育和育肥豬過度使用飲水加藥，并且不能很好地監督效果“Big gun”drugs and extra-label drugs are often used

23、 經常使用強效的藥物和標簽外藥品 Repair and maintenance 維修和維護 Preventative maintenance is not done and farms are allowed to become run-down沒有進行預防性維護，農場被允許關閉 Farm workers are not trained to do routine maintenance沒有培訓豬場員工做常規維護工作 Outside contractors are required to be brought in 需要引進外來簽約的維修工 Initial construction is sh

24、oddily done or equipment is poorly manufactured requiring augmented maintenance 建筑原始質量差，設備出廠質量差，需要后續加強維修 Maintenance crews become bureaucratic and spend their time riding around in trucks rather than servicing herds 維修工人官僚主義，開著車瞎晃悠，而并非服務于豬場Dial,1998一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Costs Management 成本管理 27 Li

25、ve haul 活豬運輸 Trucks not efficiently routed or filled to capacity卡車沒有有效規劃路線，或按照容量運輸 Trucks sit idle at wash bays waiting in line for their turn to be cleaned 卡車在洗車車間閑置，排隊等候被清洗 Weight of pigs shipped is under budget運輸的豬只體重低于預算 Supplies 物料 Farm inventories are not centrally tracked with upper and lower

26、 inventory limits being set沒有使用設置的上下限集中追蹤豬場庫存一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Cost Management 成本管理28 The key to management of these costs areas is budgeting管理這些成本的關鍵是做好預算 Set up an information system that allows you to track costs設置一個能追蹤成本的信息系統 Establish a budget 做好預算 Use the budget for driving costs out of

27、the system 使用預算，消除成本 Establish procedures for capturing costs accurately and in a timely fashion 設立及時準確計算成本的步驟 Set up farrowing and nursery farms as cost centers with pigs being transferred at cost of production to the finishing phase,which becomes the profit center 把母豬場和保育場作為成本中心看待，仔豬作為生產成本被轉移到下游階段

28、，下游階段就成為利潤中心一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Cost Management 成本管理29 Using the budget to drive out costs使用預算消除成本 Teach people how to chase down expenditures when an expense account is above budget教人們如何在支出賬戶超出預算時減少支出 When breeding stock feed cost is too high,what is wrong?種豬場飼料成本過高時，哪里有問題？Are ingredient costs

29、too high,weaned pig volume too low,or breeding animal inventory above budget?飼料原料價格過高，斷奶仔豬量過少，或種豬存欄超出預算？Identify who is responsible for controlling the cost risk factors associated with each overage and hold them accountable找出和每種超出預算相關的控制成本風險因素的負責人，讓他們擔起責任一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Production Phases Mi

30、smatch 生產階段不匹配30 Inconsistent sizes of groups of pigs flowing from one phase of production to another從一個生產階段到另一個階段，豬群的體型不一致 Variable groups sizes weaned 斷奶豬體型不一 A subset of pigs is pulled forward early to fill a subsequent phase of production一批豬提前轉移到下一階段，彌補下一階段的生產需求 High rates of removal of pigs fro

31、m a group 一個群體淘汰比例高 Mortality 死亡一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿Production Phases Mismatch 生產階段不匹配31 Variable growth rates of pigs,resulting in pig flow backing up in the system豬只生長速度不一致，導致系統中豬流有備份 Improperly sized facilities 設施大小不對 Number of pig spaces does not match pig availability 豬只數量和空間不匹配 Improper nu

32、mber of barns 棟舍數量不對 Duration of stay in facilities does not match availability of barns入住設施的時間與豬舍的可用性不匹配一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿1.Budget 預算2.health 健康 3%mortality 死亡率逐本而行 達其所愿7.Manage particle size(Target 600 to 700)管理飼料顆粒大?。繕酥睆剑?00-700微米）8.Ensure adequate water quality and intake 確保充足的合格飲水和攝入量9.Routine diagnostic testing and health program adjustment 常規診斷測試和健康計劃調整10.Measure,Measure,Measure 測量，測量，測量33 Summary 總結Keys to Optimizing Performance成產成績最優化的關鍵一帶一路國際生豬產業大會本愿 逐本而行 達其所愿謝謝您的關注！Thanks for your attention!一帶一路國際生豬產業大會