Prof. Dr.Wolfgang Kainz-The Future of GIS.pdf

1、P1Wolfgang KainzUniversity of Vienna(Austria)&Wuhan University(China)The Future of GISP2不出戶，知天下不出戶，知天下(老子老子)Without leaving home,you can know the whole world(Lao Zi)P3P3Look into the Past of GIS and GI-Science1P4Some PublicationsP5GIS Evolution 11980s:operational 2D GIStopologyEarly 1990s:theory of

2、2D topological relationsGIScienceLate 1990s:integration of vector and raster data in relational geodatabases and integrated spatial analysisP619811985P7Geo-Information Science is the integration of different disciplines dealing with spatial information.“Research on the generic issues that surround t

3、he use of GIS technology Both research about GIS and research with GIS”(Goodchild 1992)Geo-Information ScienceP8GIScienceGeographyGISRemote sensingGeodesyPhoto-grammetryCartographyP9GIS Evolution 22000s:ubiquitous GISstill monolithic systemsLate 2000s:operational Web GIS with spatial analysis functi

4、ons2010s:modularizationfirst real 3D functionalitytime related data modelsmanaging unstructured big dataP10P10Spatial Modeling The Core of GIS2P11Spatio-Temporal Modeling&AnalysisReal world phenomena have a spatiotemporal extent and possess thematic characteristics(attributes).A(spatial)feature is a

5、 representation of a real-world phenomenon.Spatial data are computer representations of spatial features.Spatial analysis extracts(spatial)information from spatial data.Real WorldphenomenaSpatial modelfeaturesGeodatabasespatial datadesignimplementationSpatial Analysis(Spatial)InformationP12 1889 195

6、1 Austrian philosopher Mainly working on logic 1921:Tractatus logico-philosophicus(Logical-Philosophical Treatise)Ludwig WittgensteinP13Modeling2.12“A picture is a model of reality.”2.14“What constitutes a picture is that its elements are related to one another in a determinate way.”2.15“The fact th

7、at the elements of a picture are related to one another in a determinate way represents that thingsare related to one another in the same way.”2.12“A map/database is a model of reality.”2.14“What constitutes a map/database is that its features/objects are relatedto one another in a determinate way.”

8、2.15“The fact that the features/objects of a map/database are related to one another in a determinate way represents that phenomena are related to one another in the same way.”Quote from WittgensteinConcept of a map or databaseP14P14Current GIS and Beyond3P15 GIS is not Pushing buttons Making maps G

9、IS is about Spatio-temporal analysis Integrated analysis of vector and raster/image data Using 2D and 3D data Considering timeWhat is GIS?P16GIS Evolution 3 and BeyondLate 2010s:real-time GISmachine learningsystem integration(CAD,BIM,LBS,)2020s:2D/3D GISgeo-AI after decades of stagnationvarious data

10、base models for structured and unstructured huge data)dominance of RSFuture challenges:Cloud Geo-AI for everyoneMeta-processing“Natural”GISNew human-machine interfaces(neural interfaces,)New display media(electronic paper,holography,)P17GIScienceGeographyGISRemote sensingGeodesyPhoto-grammetryCartog

11、raphyP18GeographyGISGeodesyPhoto-grammetryCartographyP19 Functional components on the web and in the cloud Tool repositories Thin clients with“thick”functionalityComponent-Based SystemsP20 Work started in 1956 Some progress(game strategies,theorem solving,etc.)in the following 20 years Slowdown in t

12、he 1970s Expert system hype in the early 1980s followed by a decline until the late 1990s and early 2000s.Strong increase in activities and funding from the early 21st century on due to increase in computing power and availability of huge amounts of data(data mining,machine learning,deep learning)Ar

13、tificial IntelligenceP21 A kind of Geo-Siri,Geo-Alexa,or Geo-WolframAlpha ChatGPT:many options but also great riskCloud Geo-AIP22Meta-processing Look at the metadata and decide whether a certain operation makes sense“Quality propagation”Better Use of MetadataP23Full consideration of uncertainty in r

14、epresentation and analysis of spatial phenomena,becauseWe do not live in a binary(black und white)world,and uncertainty is rather the rule than the exception.“Natural”GISP24 Hyper globes Immersive displays Foldable screens Human-machine interfaces HolographyNovel Display Technologies for GISP25Hyper

15、 globesP26Immersive displaysP27Stargate AtlantisHuman machine interfaces METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER STUDIOS INC.P28Stargate AtlantisHolograms METRO-GOLDWYN-MAYER STUDIOS INC.P29 Has just begun and is 3D Dynamic Real-time For real and virtual worlds Becoming an intelligent model of realityThe future of GISP30不出戶,知天下“Without leaving home,you can know the whole world”if we have geographic information science.如果我們有地理信息科學。P31Thank You All!