1、2022 State ofSoftware EngineersUK and Cross-Border Trends2OverviewOne of the biggest challenges in organisations across the United Kingdom today is the struggle to find and hire talent.In the last year,continued pandemic-related disruptions and post-Brexit regulatory hurdles have exacerbated the alr

2、eady competitive hiring landscape to attract and retain the best talent,and to source the right skills needed in high-demand roles.Yet amidst these hurdles,Hired found companies are increasingly receptive to hiring people who not only possess a range of skills,but also span a broad range of time zon

3、es.In particular,global remote hiring remains strong in Europe,with employers actively looking to recruit from countries including Ireland,Germany,Spain,and Romania.At Hired,we pride ourselves on being the most efficient way to fill tech and sales roles today.With unbiased insights,diversity,equity&

4、inclusion(DEI)tools,skills assessments and dedicated Customer Success managers,we work with over 10,000 companies around the world to help businesses embrace how to tackle the ongoing hiring issue globally,while driving long-term business growth.In this report,weve specifically studied software engi

5、neers on the Hired marketplace to identify the top issues and trends.This includes looking at the most in-demand skills and roles,salaries,and shifts to remote hiring.These and other key insights may help employers better understand and improve the approach to the competitive hiring process.Our aim

6、is to provide organisations with timely insights and takeaways to better attract and retain talent.Lets begin with the key findings on the next page:2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Wh

7、ats Next?Methodology3Key findingsSkills continue to reign supreme as the top currency for jobs.The most in-demand skills from employers are Redux,TypeScript,and Go,respectively.Here are the top in-demand skills for software engineers and engineering managers,as well as skills to successfully work re

8、motely.The top three most in-demand roles are for backend,full stack and frontend engineers,in line with global trends.These roles receive the majority of interview requests compared to other software engineering roles.Read more about the most in-demand roles here.Backend,full stack and frontend eng

9、ineers are highly sought after by employers.Blockchain engineers are seeing the greatest year-on-year growth,with the highest increase in salary.Here is the typical compensation and skills needed to become a blockchain engineer.Blockchain is quickly becoming a lucrative position.Salaries are seeing

10、modest increases.Blockchain,computer vision and security engineers are seeing the highest salary increases.Overall,salaries increased by 2.7%YoY(2020 to 2021).Here is where salaries have seen the highest growth between 2020 and 2021.2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Softwar

11、e Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology4Key findingsUK employers are concurrently looking toward candidates from other regions as a way to broaden their access to top talent.UK employers are showing the strongest demand for talent in t

12、he US,Canada,and Ireland,with accelerating demand across Europe.Here are the European countries where remote demand is accelerating the fastest and their average salaries.UK employers are more open to foreign talent.More UK candidates are receiving interview requests to work remotely from foreign co

13、untries in 2021 compared to 2020.Here are the top countries that are looking to hire UK tech talent.Candidates in the UK are in high demand globally.Demand for local and remote positions have increased,but demand for remote positions grew more quickly than demand for local positions within the UK.He

14、re is what software engineers make on average across different cities and for remote-specific roles.Remote and local salaries have increased for UK software engineers.2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand T

15、rends by Market Whats Next?MethodologyTop Software Engineering Skills6The hottest*software engineering skills In 2021,on average,software engineers in the UK received 8.88 interview requests.The top two spots go to JavaScript based skills,Redux and Typescript,with a number of others in the top 10.Th

16、e most in-demand skill for software engineers was Redux,with software engineers receiving 1.45x more interview requests for Redux compared to the marketplace average.This relatively new open-source JavaScript library developed by Facebook six years ago is most commonly used to scale applications in

17、front-end development with common JavaScript-based applications such as React or Angular.TypeScript was the next most in-demand skill,with software engineers receiving 1.36x more interview requests for this compared to the marketplace average.Typescript,similar to Redux,was developed by Microsoft in

18、 the last decade and was designed for the development of large applications and transpiles to JavaScript.In third place for most popular skills was Go,an open source programming language.Go is a statically typed,compiled programming language designed at Google,and was designed by taking inspiration

19、for the productivity and relative simplicity of Python,with the ability of C,a structured,procedural programming language.“Go is seeing more adoption by larger companies such as Uber,Twitch,and Slack.It was designed with simplicity in mind,yet is extremely powerful,making it popular among engineers.

20、”Dave Walters,CTO at Hired.*Note:When we discuss the hottest skills in this report,we refer to a combination of the most specialised skills(i.e.fewer engineers have it,so its in higher demand)and the ones in highest demand from employers(panies are looking for those skills in candidates,so there are

21、 more opportunities for engineers with those skills).2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology7The hottest software engineering skills ReduxTypeScriptGoReact NativeScalaK

22、afkaNode.JsReactKubernetesAngularjs1.45x1.36x1.36x1.34x1.30 x1.26x1.25x1.21x1.13x1.12xDemand by coding skill vs.marketplace average.5x1x2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Meth

23、odology8The hottest software engineering skills from candidatesIn comparison to employers most in-demand skills from employers,the candidates most listed skills are JavaScript,Python and React,respectively.This aligns well to the demands of employers-the most activity on the platform going to these

24、skills,respectively.As one of the most popular and widely-used programming languages worldwide,Python is used for a range of applications,including data analytics,machine learning and even design.The ubiquity of Python is due to its ease of use,versatility,simple syntax,and thriving community as an

25、open-source language.Skills listed most ofen by candidatesJavascriptPythonReactJavaSQLAWSHTMLNode.JsCSSTypescript2,9972,0371,9881,8931,7851,6071,5001,3321,1781,011.5x1x2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand

26、Trends by Market Whats Next?MethodologyTop Software Engineering Roles10The hottest software engineering rolesIn 2020 and 2021,the top three hottest software engineering roles continue to be backend engineers,full stack engineers and frontend engineers,respectively.These roles received the highest vo

27、lume of interview requests on Hireds platform compared to other roles.Whats particularly interesting is compared to 2020,in 2021 frontend engineers represent 3.5%more and backend engineers represent 2.5%less of total interview requests sent.The data shows demand for frontend engineers is outpacing t

28、he growth of demand for backend engineers.This coincides with the creation and launch of new websites and applications focused on creating user-friendly,simple designs and interfaces onset.“2020 accelerated digital transformation plans for businesses of all sizes,Whether it was a brick and mortar ad

29、opting ecommerce,or larger corporations seeking competitive advantages through better online UX,ease of use,and self-service,frontend developers are in high demand.As buying behaviour and customer service shifted online for many consumers,the frontend developers made it more accessible and convenien

30、t.”Dave Walters,CTO at Hired.20%40%60%20202021%of all interview requests by subrole%changeBackendEngineerFull StackEngineerFrontendEngineerDataEngineerNLPEngineerBlockchainEngineerGamingEngineerMachine LearningMobileEngineerSearchEngineer64.0%61.6%-2.5%57.6%57.9%+0.3%34.4%38.0%+3.5%11.5%10.8%-0.7%2.

31、6%2.1%2.7%1.8%2.6%1.0%5.6%3.8%-1.8%8.1%6.3%-1.9%3.6%2.8%-0.7%-0.6%-0.9%-1.6%81,9912022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?MethodologySalary&Demand Trends by Market with insights&da

32、ta from12Salary trends by roleOverall,UK engineers saw modest increases in salaries,up 2.7%year-over-year.While blockchain is still considered to be a highly nascent technology,it is widely anticipated to impact many organisations worldwide over the next few years.Blockchain technology promises grea

33、ter transparency,enhanced security and reduced costs across a variety of industries,and blockchain engineering roles are quickly rising in popularity.Blockchain engineers have seen the highest year-over-year increase in salary,up 7.8%from 81,991 to 88,402 per year.This significant jump now makes blo

34、ckchain engineers the highest paid position.In 2020,it was in seventh place,behind computer vision engineers,NLP engineers,search engineers,gaming engineers,AR/VR engineers and hardware engineers,respectively.In 2021,the second-highest paid roles on average are for computer vision engineers,which sa

35、w a 4.2%increase in salary from 84,746 to 88,307 per year on average.Search engineers are not far behind in third place,with a 2.6%increase in salary from 83,459 to 85,603 per year on average.However,when looking at year-over-year changes in 2021 and 2020,security engineers are in third place for av

36、erage salary increases,after blockchain engineers and computer vision engineers,respectively.Security engineers salaries increased from 79,681 to 82,924 per year on average,equivalent to a 4.1%increase year-over-year.Given the continual rise and severity of cyber attacks,this role continues to be in

37、-demand.Related:Curious about salaries for various tech roles?Check out our updated Salary Calculator2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology13Salary trends by roleSalar

38、y trends by subrole20202021%changeBlockchainEngineerComputerVisionSearchEngineerGamingEngineerMachineLearningEmbeddedEngineerDataEngineerNLPLearningSecurityEngineerAR/VREngineerFull StackEngineerFronendEngineerHardwareEngineerBackendLearningMobileEngineer81,99188,40283,45985,60383,05583,71479,68182,

39、92484,50381,58682,53780,93181,57279,28379,72078,91875,75378,74873,83476,63673,39475,27672,98674,97272,08072,56782,30771,86984,74688,307+7.82%+2.57%+0.79%+4.07%-3.45%-1.95%-2.81%-1.01%+3.95%+3.79%+2.56%+2.72%+0.68%-12.68%+4.20%25k50k75k2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Softw

40、are Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology14Salary trends by market*Note:When referring to the“top 10 countries in Europe”above,these are the top markets for cross border interview requests on Hireds platform.This data has been pulled b

41、ased on Hireds 2021 marketplace activity.Salary data is based on Oyster data for over 200 active employees in software engineering and business intelligence roles based on payroll information from May 2021 through April 2022.Looking at the top 10 countries in Europe for software engineers,the averag

42、e salary of a software engineer is 70,131 compared to the UK average salary of 75,276.The countries commanding the highest salaries are Ireland and Germany-even higher than the UK average.Its going in both directions.While UK candidates are sought after from other countries,UK-based organisations ar

43、e actively seeking to hire software engineers across borders as well.European countries lead the top 10 list for cross-border hiring,with additional demand from the US and Canada.This is to be expected given the breadth of engineers in those regions.Ireland and Germany exhibit a premium in salaries

44、even to UK hires,highlighting their high demand.Given the complicated logistics of hiring globally and a lack of cost savings,why?The benefit is two-fold:1.Supply is extremely constrained in the UK,unlike the US market,which has a broader geographic spread and more opportunities.2.Theres less compet

45、ition in other countries,as other European countries frequently have less access to opportunities for remote and high tech roles.Why hire globally?Hireds data shows software engineers outside of the UK are 32%more likely to accept an interview request than a UK candidate.2022 State of Software Engin

46、eersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology15Salary trends by marketLooking beyond the numbers,there are some more nuances clarifying the work opportunities and cultural differences in different count

47、ries:Work-life balance is highly valued in Ireland.Even though overtime rules are not specified by law,its become increasingly uncommon to expect employees to work late nights and weekends.The typical policies supporting work-life balance include annual leave,parental leave,and flexible working hour

48、s.Learn more.In 2021,Spain implemented an allowance for all remote workers who spend the majority of their time working from home.The allowance is 100 Euros per month gross.Learn more.In Romania,non-compete agreements can only be enforced for two years.Employers are required to pay employees a month

49、ly stipend during the non-compete period.Learn more.Under Polish law,employers can ask employees to be on-call outside of standard working hours.The time on-call will not be included in their working time if an employee does not perform any work during that period.The time on duty,however,must not b

50、reach the employees right to rest.Learn more.Interested in hiring beyond borders?Oyster can help!Talk to us today2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology16Salary trends

51、by country89,921IrelandGermanyUKSwedenNetherlandsItalySpainPortugalFranceRomaniaPoland025k50k75k100k86,07275,27667,45666,39265,36464,04859,64557,63356,32851,894Salary trends by market*Note:Salary data is based on Oyster data for over 200 active employees in software engineering and business intellig

52、ence roles based on payroll information from May 2021 through April 2022.2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology17Remote vs.local salaries72,498RemoteLocal020k40k60k80k

53、74,83973,54975,55720202021+2.73%v.2020+3.23%v.2020Trends in remote roles Overall salaries grew by 2.7%YoY for average UK job seekers,local salaries continue to be larger,but remote salaries grew faster.As expected,the pandemic accelerated major shifts in where candidates can and want to work over th

54、e last couple of years.Between 2020 and 2021,active UK-based candidates:Open to remote roles increased from 76.5%to 81.0%.Only open to remote roles increased from 8.7%to 11.0%.Not open to remote roles decreased,down to 6.7%.“Its true,employees are more open to remote work.Here in the UK,weve seen so

55、me enterprise companies embrace it with success.The challenges lie in the logistics.Which departments,which employees,for example.And of course,the legal aspect across countries is more complex,typically,than states in the US.”Dave Thomas,Director of Strategic Accounts at Hired.Concurrently,employer

56、s sent 16.4%more remote interview requests in 2021 compared to 2020 representing just 23%of total interview requests.Additionally,salaries for remote-based employees increased at a higher rate versus local candidates.Remote candidates saw a 3.2%increase YoY in an average salary from 72,498 to 74,839

57、.In comparison,local candidates average salaries increased 2.7%,from 73,549 to 75,557.2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology18Remote vs.local demand trendsRemoteLocal2

58、020 Interview Requests2021 Interview Requests0%25%50%75%100%77.1%93.5%22.9%6.5%Trends in remote roles 2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology19Top roles for UK talent b

59、y companies outside of the UKThe shift to remote work opened up talent access to companies globally.The UK talent pool was no exception.Candidates in the UK with interview requests from other countries increased over 362%compared to the year prior,highlighting the significant competition for talent

60、in the market.As our findings showed in the previous section,over 90%of UK-based candidates are now either only seeking remote roles or are open to remote roles.However,a mere 22.9%of interview requests from employers were for remote roles,showing a major chasm between both parties-and potential opp

61、ortunity for employers outside the UK to capitalise on the interest by UK-based employees to work for an international employer.In 2021,of all the UK candidates who received more than one request,28%received an interview request from a company outside the UK,up from only 5.5%in 2020.In 2021,the top

62、three roles remained the same in order of popularity.Backend engineers are the most in-demand role for opportunities outside of the UK.Full stack engineers and frontend engineers follow,respectively.While backend engineers and full stack engineers continue to have the majority of interview requests,

63、their representation of overall interview requests declined YoY compared to other roles.Front end engineers interview request percentage increased the most YoY,at 10.7%.Data engineers followed with 2.8%and machine learning engineers with 2.4%.2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsT

64、op Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology20Top roles for UK talent by companies outside of the UKTop subroles for UK jobseekers from companies outside of UK%change2021 Interview Request%2020 Interview Request%BackendEngineerFul

65、l StackVisionFrontendEngineerDataEngineerNLPLearningMobileEngineerGamingEngineerMachineLearningSecurityEngineer80.6%66.7%30.3%41.0%10.5%13.4%8.9%11.2%8.6%10.4%10.9%10.3%8.5%10.1%3.9%4.4%61.9%62.4%-13.86%10.67%2.85%2.39%1.86%-0.62%1.54%0.55%0.54%25%50%75%Jobseekers with remote IVR from outside UK 202

66、0 Jobseekers2021 Jobseekers0%10%20%30%81.0%81.0%76.5%2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?MethodologyWhatsNext?22For software engineersResources for learning new skillsAs a soft

67、ware engineer,the good news is that there are a slew of resources online to learn new skills and network.Here are some Hired partners,many with discounts(or free!)for Hired candidates:Tech Communities&NetworkingAdas List is a community for women and non-binary people in tech to connect and progress.

68、Diversability elevates disability equity as it connects and empowers people of all abilities.Techqueria is the largest community for Latinx tech professionals.Bootcamps&Coding SchoolsIronhack is an international bootcamp that empowers students by offering immersive learning experiences in web develo

69、pment,cybersecurity,data,and design.Boolean is an intensive 6-month full-time online course to start your career in software engineering.Code Your Future trains refugees and other disadvantaged people to become software engineers and helps them find work.Makers combines tech education with attractiv

70、e employment possibilities.Workshops&UpskillingBlockchain Training Alliance is the leading provider of instructor-led Blockchain courses and certifications.General Assembly offers a variety of classes to learn new skills.Educative provides interactive courses for software engineers to learn new skil

71、ls faster and easier.2U offers certified online short courses from the worlds leading universities.Career ServicesExponent offers interview prep courses,career coaching,and peer-to-peer support.TopResume is the worlds largest resume-writing service.2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey Fin

72、dingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology23Employers here are some ways to attract and retain software engineersLook globally to stay competitive In Hireds 2022 State of Software Engineers Report,survey data from both US

73、and the UK software engineers highlighted several key elements for an ideal culture and work environment:great managers,co-workers they get along with and can learn from,and flexibility around work hours.The majority also ranked opportunities for professional development and career growth as importa

74、nt,as stated previously.As this report has also underlined,companies receptive to hiring remote workers will have more opportunities to interview candidates.Global hiring is a necessity to stay competitive and scale your teams.Fortunately,new tools such as Oyster and Remote,used in conjunction with

75、Hireds talent access to a global candidate pool,make handling international payroll,benefits,taxes and compliance for businesses of all sizes easier than ever.Resources like Oysters Cost Calculator and our salary report ensure employers easily understand the all-in cost of hiring cross-borders.Relat

76、ed:Read our blog recapping the Hired Summit session between CEO Josh Brenner and Oyster CEO Tony Jamous,“Hire Globally,Act Locally;Enabling Success for a Remote First Workforce.”2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSala

77、ry&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology24Employers here are some ways to attract and retain software engineersCheck out advice from other UK employees While many companies have already embraced working remotely,this approach goes well beyond being able to simply cast the net wider in findi

78、ng top talent,and eliminating office commutes.For employee satisfaction and retention,employers need to establish an optimal remote working environment for their teams.In the UK,a recent study from the Office for National Statistics found employees who mainly worked from home were around 38%less lik

79、ely on average to have received a bonus.They were also less than half as likely to be promoted.To ensure employers afford remote employees the same opportunities as in-office colleagues,employers need to set up clear“rules of engagement”when it comes to the right balance of tools and policies.This m

80、ay include eliminating unnecessary meetings to avoid“Zoom fatigue”and embrace more asynchronous ways of working,as well as maximising productivity and project management tools such as Asana or Trello.For additional tips,including advice from LandTech,Oyster and other UK employers hiring globally,che

81、ck out the sessions from Hireds recent“The Future Is Remote”event.Get a customised hiring solution for your business.Request a free demoStay current with the latest skills and tactics from leading tech employers.Watch the State of Software Engineers webinarNeed a hiring solution right now?Try Hired

82、for Free2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology25MethodologyThis report is based on proprietary data gathered and analysed by Hireds data science teams.For the purpose

83、of this report,Hired examined software engineering candidate interview requests and salary data from January 2020 through December 2021 inclusive.The data included reflects nearly 84,000 interactions between companies and software engineers on Hired during this time period.To be considered valid and

84、 included in the report,the salary data needed to show a minimum of 50 interview requests.To include a specific market in the data,we required a minimum of 500 interview requests.Of note,for the sections on the demand for certain software engineering roles and skills,candidates may have multiple sub

85、roles as well as several skills associated with their candidate profile(e.g.a candidate with a primary role of software engineer may have both NLP engineer and machine learning engineer subroles on their profile).All salaries indicated reflect the salaries offered by an employer at the time of the interview request.2022 State of Software EngineersIntroductionKey FindingsTop Software Engineering Skills Top Software Engineering RolesSalary&Demand Trends by Market Whats Next?Methodology