風能和太陽能在原住民社區的經濟潛力.pdf

1、E Ec co on no om mi ic c P Po ot tenent ti ia al l o of f WWin ind d a an nd d S So ola lar r in in N Na at ti iv ve e C Co om mm mu un nit itie ies sDoDomimin ni ic c P Pa ar rk ke er rDeDec ce em mb be er r 1 12 2,2 20 02 24 4Affiliations&CollaboratorsUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonHoover Institut

2、ion at Stanford UniversityResearchTribal LeadersPolicyMakersLenders&EntrepreneursWWo or rk ks sh ho op ps sP Pu ub blislish h D Da at ta a-D Dr riv ivenen F Fin ind din ing gs sP Pr re es senent te ed d in in D Dig ige es st ti ib ble le WWa ay ys sR Re es se ea ar rc ch h C Co on nc clu lus sio ion

3、 ns sIndigenous institutions encouraged commerce,prosperity prior to colonizationColonial policies have&are discouraging investment,resource utilizationSovereign tribal economies thrive with clear jurisdiction,predictable rule of law,and checks and balances E Ec co on no omimic c P Po ot te en nt ti

4、 ial al o of fN Na at tu ur ra al l R Re es so ou ur rc ce es s&B Ba ar rr ri ie er rs sWWh ha at t a ab bo ou ut t WWi in nd d&S So ola lar r?Projected Demand for Wind&Solar is LargeAnd Renewable Leases can Pay WellFinding 1:Indian Country is Disproportionately Windy&SunnyFinding 2:Wind and Solar P

5、otential is Greatest in Poorest Communities$13K$13-$17K$13-$17K$21K$21KFinding 3:Wind Facilities 50%Less Likely than Adjacent LandFinding 4:Solar Facilities 110%Less Likely than Adjacent LandFinding 5:If Disparity Persists,Communities may Forgo$19BBarrier 1:Less Access to Transmission Lines 70%fewer

6、 km of transmission lines Eliminating gap would increase probability of development:11%for wind14%for solar“Were excited because it really begins what can be a snowball of economic development”-Warm Springs Power utility managerBarrier 2:Regulatory Complexity&UncertaintiesExample:49 regulatory steps

7、 for an oil lease in Indian country,compared to 4 steps elsewhere.Renewable Energy:-Greater NEPA/ESA involvement -Duplicate agencies-Slow BIA response timesErnest Sickeys“White Tape”Representative Conrad St.John,a member of the St.Croix Tribal Council,said the Bureau of Indian Affairs and Department

8、 of Interior are barriers to renewable energy development on reservations.“Their decision-making process is often drug out unnecessarily for many years.”Barrier 3:Checkerboards and Land Fractionation Difficult to create solar&especially wind farms that dont span multiple jurisdictions;many owners 25

9、%of reservations with best wind have 7 million fractionated acres;average of 16 owners per tractLand MosaicsDespite Barriers,Optimism is Rational!1.Indian Country has valuable resources Human Capital(ideas,entrepreneurs,unique cultures)Natural Capital(sun,wind,critical minerals+traditional nat.resou

10、rces)2.Blue and Red administrations express desire to reduce federal regulations3.Fractionation&checkerboards are challenging,but contiguous tribal land can be an advantage not available off reservation4.Tribal development of energy projects growing,better electricityClarifications on my Views1.Not a call to impose federal priorities on uninterested Tribes2.True sovereignty means freedom to pursue projects(or not)free of excessive regulatory controls3.Respect for sovereignty should be color-blind Manny JulesHaley Raines