世界經濟論壇：2020年COVID-19疫情下社會企業家響應聯盟 （英文版）（70頁）.pdf

1、COVID-19 Action Agenda Leaders on the Front Line: Why Social Entrepreneurs Are Needed Now More than Ever S E P T E M B E R 2 0 2 0 September 2020 World Economic Forum. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopyin

2、g and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system. World Economic Forum 91-93 route de la Capite CH-1223 Cologny/Geneva Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0)22 869 1212 Fax: +41 (0)22 786 2744 Email: contactweforum.org www.weforum.org COVID-19 ACTION AGENDA SEPTEMBER 2020 Contents Foreword Exe

3、cutive summary Chapter 1 COVID-19: A global crisis, hitting the most vulnerable the hardest Chapter 2 Why social entrepreneurs are needed now more than ever Chapter 3 What social entrepreneurs need to play their part Chapter 4 COVID-19 Social Enterprise Action Agenda 4.1 Supporting intermediaries 4.

4、2 (Impact) investors 4.3 Corporations 4.4 Funders and philanthropists 4.5 Government institutions Chapter 5 The road ahead Appendix 1 Who are social entrepreneurs? Appendix 2 About the COVID Response Alliance for Social Entrepreneurs Alliance member profiles Acknowledgements Endnotes 5 8 10 14 18 25

5、 28 30 32 34 36 39 41 42 45 68 69 Cover: Yunus Social Business, India, Akhil Pawar COVID-19 ACTION AGENDA SEPTEMBER 2020 COVID-19 Action Agenda Leaders on the Front Line3 Aavishkaar Group, Acumen, Africa Venture Philanthropy Alliance (AVPA), Agora Partnerships, Argidius Foundation, Ashoka, Asian Ven

6、ture Philanthropy Network (AVPN), Aspen Network of Development Entrepreneurs (ANDE), B Lab, CASE at Duke University, Catalyst 2030, Co-Impact, DOEN Foundation, Draper Richards Kaplan Foundation, Echoing Green, Euclid Network, European Venture Philanthropy Association (EVPA), Fundacin Avina, GHR Foun

7、dation, Global Impact Investing Network (GIIN), Global Innovation Fund, Global Steering Group for Impact Investing (GSG), Greenwood Place, IIX, IKEA Foundation, IKEA Social Entrepreneurship, Impact Assets, Impact Hub, International Labour Organization, Johnson Chairman, Yunus Social Business, German

8、y; Nobel Peace Prize Laureate (2006) “Now, more than ever, we need to come together to lay the groundwork for an inclusive recovery. We are committed to standing by our different partners, including social entrepreneurs. This is a critical way for us to contribute, learn, innovate and scale for posi

9、tive impact on people, the planet and society. We are in this together.” Jon Abrahamsson Ring Chief Executive Officer, Inter IKEA Group, Netherlands “This pandemic reminds us that our differences in faith, culture or politics are superseded by what we have in common. Whether someone is a social entr

10、epreneur or a member of a faith community or both at once, we all share a deep desire to alleviate suffering, support human dignity and help people build a better future. This Alliance is going to help people do exactly that.” Amy Goldman Chief Executive Officer and Chair, GHR Foundation, USA COVID-

11、19 ACTION AGENDA SEPTEMBER 2020 “Social entrepreneurs play a critical role in serving the most marginalized members of our global society. Their work has never been more important as we respond to COVID-19. We call on leaders across the public, private and social sectors to invest in these first res

12、ponders now.” Raj Panjabi Chief Executive Officer, Last Mile Health, USA “To achieve the SDGs and shape a new tomorrow from the global pandemic, we must scale up sustainable solutions. Social entrepreneurs are critical to achieving the SDGs as they offer financially self- sustaining models for posit

13、ive social and environmental change.” Achim Steiner Administrator, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), New York 6COVID-19 Action Agenda Leaders on the Front Line “Social entrepreneurs are battling at the forefront of this pandemic using their ingenuity to confront the problems on the ground

14、. The Alliance was launched to help them to play their part and be the role models for a new societal reality that they are.” Hilde Schwab Co-Founder and Chairperson, Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship COVID-19 ACTION AGENDA SEPTEMBER 2020 “The pandemic is having a devastating impact on t

15、he planet and its citizens, particularly on those who are marginalized. We must come out of this with a transformative change that addresses our critically flawed social and economic systems and is driven by the experience, principles and mindset of the social entrepreneur.” Janet Longmore Founder a

16、nd Chief Executive Officer, Digital Opportunity Trust (Catalyst 2030 and Schwab Social Entrepreneur) “As the pandemic disproportionately impacts marginalized communities in real time, social entrepreneurs confront these inequities by reimagining the systems that work for too few of us. By joining fo

17、rces to foster change using an alliance-based model, we have a real chance of transforming the world.” Cheryl Dorsey Founder and President, Echoing Green, USA “The COVID-19 crisis only strengthens our resolve at Johnson many face important operational and viability challenges, with a large number ev

18、en facing bankruptcy. In this area also, those social entrepreneurs serving or working with low-income households seem to be disproportionately affected. For social entrepreneurship to survive and thrive, these entrepreneurs critically need capital support so that they can adapt, expand and protect

19、their impact during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. The exact amount of capital needed is difficult to estimate, but it is significant. According to the multistakeholder initiative Collaborative for Frontier Finance, before the COVID-19 crisis, the global financing needs of small and growin

20、g businesses (SGBs), which include social entrepreneurs, amounted to $930 billion with the SDG financing gap estimated at $2.5 trillion. There is little doubt that these already considerable gaps have widened significantly due to the crisis. The COVID Response Alliance for Social Entrepreneurs was l

21、aunched in April 2020 by 60 leading social-sector organizations aiming to help mobilize support and raise awareness of the vital role these entrepreneurs play in tackling the crisis and beyond. In various capacities, the members of the Alliance support over 50,0002 social entrepreneurs across the wo

22、rld. The entrepreneurs, in turn, have a direct or indirect impact on the lives of nearly 1 billion people according to their own estimates providing access to employment, food, affordable energy and other critical services. In this COVID-19 Action Agenda for social entrepreneurs, members of the Alli

23、ance commit to and call on their peers to stand by social entrepreneurs in their capacity as front-line responders to the health crisis and as pioneers of a green, inclusive society and economic system. Along with a group of social enterprise representatives participating in the Alliance, the member

24、s have identified five core COVID response principles and concrete areas in which different actors can take action. The five COVID-19 response principles for those seeking to support social entrepreneurs are to: 1. Make the voices of social entrepreneurs and their communities heard 2. Prepare to res

25、pond, recover and reset taking the opportunity to shape a new tomorrow 3. Collaborate across sectors in recognition of the complexity and scale of the crisis 4. Look beyond healthcare, given that COVID-19 touches all areas of peoples lives 5. Support the shovel-ready solutions that grassroots organi

26、zations are already able to provide today. Keeping these principles in mind, the COVID-19 Action Agenda calls on: Intermediaries and networks to provide fitting support to social entrepreneurs and the communities they serve, and to make known the needs and priorities of social entrepreneurs on the g

27、round (Impact) investors to adapt their investment priorities and processes, and to provide flexible capital as well as must-have technical assistance Corporations to stand with social entrepreneurs within their supply chains and the broader ecosystem, fulfil their agreements and extend their suppor

28、t to build a more inclusive and resilient economy Funders and philanthropists to expand and expedite their support to social entrepreneurs and intermediaries, taking risks reflective of todays unprecedented times Government institutions to recognize social entrepreneurs as a driving force in safegua

29、rding jobs and in pioneering a greener and equitable society, as well as to back them accordingly. The COVID-19 crisis will continue to disproportionately affect excluded and vulnerable populations negatively for years to come. All sectors help is needed to create the enabling conditions for the soc

30、ial enterprise ecosystem to survive, thrive and hold everyone accountable to raise the bar on what is currently an economic model that our planet cannot sustain. The members of the COVID Response Alliance for Social Entrepreneurs will continue to take and invite engagement in each of the action area

31、s mentioned in this Action Agenda. Leading up to the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2021, the goal is not only to help safeguard the future of social entrepreneurs but to inject their perspectives as pioneers of a new economic reality into the Forums Great Reset initiative. COVID-19 ACTION AGEN

32、DA SEPTEMBER 2020 COVID-19 Action Agenda Leaders on the Front Line9 COVID-19: A global crisis, hitting the most vulnerable the hardest 1 Below: Kids Educational Engagement Project (KEEP), Social enterprise in Liberia, supported by Alliance Member Acumen COVID-19 ACTION AGENDA SEPTEMBER 2020 CHAPTER

33、01 COVID-19 Action Agenda Leaders on the Front Line10 In the first six months of 2020, COVID-19 affected almost all countries and over 20 million people around the world.3 Beyond the adverse health effects and human tragedy caused by the virus, it is widely recognized that the pandemic has triggered

34、 the most severe economic crisis in a century. The crisis has brought about radical uncertainty, with more than half of the worlds population experiencing lockdowns with strong containment measures. The Organisation for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD) predicts global economic activity

35、to fall between 6% and 7.6% in 2020,4 depending on whether a second wave of infections hits before year-end. Unemployment levels and the number of aid seekers have increased, in some cases dramatically. And the impact of the crisis will be felt for a long time as the direct response, subsequent reco

36、very and rebuilding efforts will take years. The impact of the crisis on peoples lives is drastically uneven. The virus has exposed and exacerbated many underlying structural inequalities in the social fabric, disproportionately affecting women, black populations, minority groups, informal workers a

37、nd those systematically excluded from participating equally in our society and economy. Lockdowns in their varying degrees of severity and other forms of social distancing have made it possible to avoid loss of life. Yet these measures have also come at a human cost. As the crisis continues to accel

38、erate in emerging and developing markets, many of which are ill-equipped to handle a pandemic, the extreme impacts of COVID-19 on low-income populations are significant. The poorest in these countries, including daily-wage labourers and migrant workers rural and urban lack access to even the most ba

39、sic necessities like food and water, and are forced to choose between their health and their livelihoods. The tough choices these populations are forced to make lead to additional distress. COVID-19 is causing an undeniable slide backwards, slipping away from the SDGs. In June 2020, the World Bank p

40、rojected that as many as 100 million additional people could be forced into extreme poverty living below $1.90 per day due to COVID-19.5 Undeniably, global extreme poverty is increasing for the first time since 1998. For each of us, but most importantly for these communities, a comprehensive and sus

41、tained response to the crisis and its aftermath is a matter of life and death. Respond, Recover, Rebuild Reset As COVID hit the world, experts recognized three phases in the crisis: response, recovery and, ultimately, rebuilding. Throughout, there is an opportunity for a Great Reset of our economies

42、 and systems. COVID-19 ACTION AGENDA SEPTEMBER 2020 CHAPTER 01 RESPOND (0-12 months) RECOVER (6-18 months) REBUILD for example, black business owners have been hit harder than other owners. Vulnerability by country Primary concern Q: What is the primary concern you have related to COVID-19 right now

43、? FIGURE 1 COVID-19 Action Agenda Leaders on the Front Line12 700 720 740 680 660 640 620 600 580 560 520 540 500 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 YMillions of people in extreme poverty June downside projection June baseline projection April projection Pre-COVID projection The impact of COVID-19 o

44、n global extreme poverty Note: Extreme poverty is measured as the number of people living on less than $1.90 per day. Source: Gerszon Mahler, Daniel, et al., “Updated estimates of the impact of COVID-19 on global poverty”, World Bank Blogs, 8 June 2020, available at https:/blogs. worldbank.org/opend

45、ata/ updated-estimates- impact-covid-19-global- poverty#:text=Under %20the%20baseline %20 scenario%20we,comes %20 with%20even%20more%20 uncertainty. FIGURE 2 “Yes, we are now saving on every possible front and eating only as much as required. There is not a single rupee that is spent without thinkin

46、g.” 60 Decibels respondent, India COVID-19 ACTION AGENDA SEPTEMBER 2020 CHAPTER 01 COVID-19 Action Agenda Leaders on the Front Line13 Why social entrepreneurs are needed now more than ever 2 COVID-19 ACTION AGENDA SEPTEMBER 2020 CHAPTER 02 Below: Yunus Social Business, India, Akhil Pawar COVID-19 Ac

47、tion Agenda Leaders on the Front Line14 Social entrepreneurs have been working to solve market failures and demonstrate more sustainable models to build inclusive economies for years. These entrepreneurs: 1. Bring vital products and services to those on the fringes of society, while acting as first

48、responders during a crisis 2. Sustain jobs and social security, at a time when the effects of losing ones income can be particularly devastating 3. Innovate to address the intractable social and environmental challenges society faces 4. Champion the sustainable development agenda, calling for an inc

49、lusive and green economy and a reset of markets 5. Empower and create agency among communities so they can develop and advance their own trajectories and solutions. The Schwab Foundation 2020 report Two Decades of Impact demonstrates how its network of 400 leading social innovators and entrepreneurs alone have improved the lives of more than 622 million people in over 190 countries6 by protecting livelihoods, driving movements for social inclusion and environmental sustainability, and providing improved access to health, sanitation, education and