1、OPTICS&PHOTONICSTHE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICS AND PHOTONICS2024IIOptics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report1Key findings:The median salary for all full-time employees decreased 6.3%,from$80,000 last year to$75,000 this year.2 Median salaries paid in Chinese yua

2、n are up 20%versus last year,and have increased 200%since 2013.Since last year,growth for Euro,U.S.dollar and Yen currencies has been flat or nearly flat.Median salaries paid in the British pound have increased nearly 9%year-over-year.The highest-paid discipline is aerospace,with a median income of$

3、111,436.Aerospace has held the top spot for all 14 years that the survey has been conducted.Median salaries are 26.8%higher overall for men than for women,up from 19%in last years survey.Most full-time workers surveyed identify as engineers(64%).Within this group,59%have engineering degrees and are

4、working as engineers,26%have engineering degrees but are not working as engineers,and 15%work as engineers without having engineering degrees.The most popular engineering degrees are electrical(24%)and optical(17%),with mechanical(14%)falling in third place.The largest proportion of engineers focus

5、their work on optical engineering(38%),followed by electrical(10%).Startups account for just over 17%of workers at for-profit organizations.These workers earn median salaries of$92,034,versus$102,000 for those at traditional companies.Almost two-thirds of student respondents are working towards a Ph

6、D(63%),followed by 21%pursuing masters degrees,and 12%seeking a bachelors degree.IntroductionThe Optics and Photonics Global Salary Report provides a reference for employees,students,and managers interested in understanding compensation across the career landscape:How does my pay compare with that o

7、f my colleagues?To what degree are my colleagues working from home versus in person in labs or offices?What can I expect to earn in industry versus academia?The report addresses these questions and a variety of other issues across 13 topical sections,drawing on original research conducted by SPIE.SP

8、IE delivers the report each year,free of charge,as part of its mission as a not-for-profit educational society supporting the science and application of light.The report builds on data from over 7,500 individuals in 116 countries1 who shared career information in a short online survey.This is the 14

9、th annual survey and report,the largest such study in the optics and photonics community.Unless otherwise noted,all results are based on full-time workers.For a complete list of participant countries and other details on survey methodology,please see Methodology and Endnotes on page 23.A CAREER IN O

10、PTICSHAS ALLOWED ME TO TRAVEL WITH WORK FROM ANTARTICA TO THE HIMALAYAS,THROUGH EUROPE,THE AMERICAS,AND ASIA.I HAVE ENJOYED NEARLY EVERY MINUTE OF MY EMPLOYMENT AND NORMALLY LOOK FORWARD TO GOING TO WORK.Photo credit:Getty Images-Andrey PopovDistribution of Full-time SalariesData OverviewFull-time S

11、alary Summary StatisticsResponse DemographicsMean=$97,312.89Median=$75,000 5th percentile=$15,564 25th percentile=$42,999 75th percentile=$129,351 95th percentile=$240,000 99th percentile=$382,892n=5,3077,532 Valid responses5,307 Full-time employees440 Part-time employees1,084 Employed students1,817

12、 Students902 Unemployed98 Retired5,313 Men1,708 WomenFull-time salaries cluster around the median of$75,000,with half of respondents being paid between$42,999 and$129,351.The overall distribution of pay is very wide,with 5th percentile workers earning$15,564 while those at the 95th percentile earn$2

13、40,000.0$50,000$100,000$150,000$200,000$250,000$300,000$350,0000100200300400500YOUR MEMBERSHIP,YOUR WAY.ENGAGE IN LIFELONG LEARNINGGain new skills and stay currentGROW PROFESSIONALLYMove forward at every stage of your careerBUILD YOUR NETWORKMake connections that lead to new opportunitiesStart your

14、Membership journey today:spie.org/membershipCreate a Membership experience that grows with you.Optics&Photonics Global Salary Report3MEMBER BENEFITS:4Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report5Country OverviewWorkers in the United States,Switzerland,and Israel enjoy t

15、he highest median salaries.Workers at for-profit organizations earn more than their colleagues in academia in most of the countries listed.CountryAllGovernment/militaryAcademicFor-profitUnited States(n=2,029)$137,000$137,556$100,000$150,000Switzerland(n=67)$122,661$102,589$144,962Israel(n=35)$112,13

16、8$112,672Denmark(n=19)$87,148$72,633$118,029Germany(n=339)$85,997$75,248$66,648$94,597Netherlands(n=93)$85,490$87,072$66,012$85,490Singapore(n=26)$84,997$129,343$66,519$88,692Belgium(n=43)$83,847$84,922Canada(n=158)$74,584$79,963$65,425$75,602Austria(n=24)$73,635$46,224$80,622South Korea(n=104)$72,7

17、30$94,549$65,457$72,730Australia(n=37)$70,723$69,739$72,706Chile(n=25)$68,292$65,620$45,528Finland(n=40)$66,648$58,048$75,248United Kingdom(n=218)$65,284$64,924$56,180$76,063Iran(n=20)$63,847$76,616Sweden(n=30)$62,125$48,747$62,315Ireland(n=20)$58,586$60,198$53,748Japan(n=202)$57,349$50,977$52,889$6

18、0,535France(n=108)$53,568$47,299$45,686$61,811South Africa(n=15)$53,345$53,345$52,145Taiwan(n=60)$50,983$46,348$61,797Lithuania(n=41)$48,373$38,699$55,898Italy(n=179)$47,299$45,149$41,924$50,523Spain(n=103)$46,224$45,686$40,849$51,061Czechia(n=37)$43,367$45,811$39,886$39,266Portugal(n=29)$42,999$47,

19、084$34,614China,Peoples Republic of(n=160)$41,391$41,391$34,492$44,035Mexico(n=49)$38,682$41,290$38,030Brazil(n=37)$37,279$42,144$37,279Poland(n=38)$32,794$31,676$33,291Greece(n=17)$26,874$26,874$25,262$53,748Turkey(n=41)$18,516$30,765$18,516$27,620India(n=104)$16,761$23,944$14,366$20,951Russia(n=56

20、)$16,679$19,459$13,343$33,359Ukraine(n=19)$8,158$7,417$13,211Pakistan(n=15)$7,181$10,771Table includes all countries with a sample size of 15 or more full-time workers.Minimum cell sample size is 5 respondents,with red indicating sample size of 5-9.The“All”column shows median salary for all full-tim

21、e workers.The for-profit,academic,and government columns represent the subsets within those types of organizations.Median salary for full-time workers,overall,for-profit,academic,and government/military employers Survey responses by region1%2%3%19%41%31%4%“IM MOTIVATED BY THE POTENTIAL TO ADDRESS RE

22、AL-WORLD CHALLENGES AND DRIVE INNOVATION IN RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY.Photo credit:Getty Images-Artur Debat6Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report7What type of engineering is your main focus?Have degrees in engineering and work as engineers.Have degrees in engineering

23、,but are not currently working as engineers.Currently work as engineers,but do not have a degree in engineering.64%of full-time workers identify themselves as engineersWithin this group:Engineers in Optics and Photonics$79,963$65,000$94,70059%26%15%05%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%EnvironmentalAutomotiveChem

24、icalGeneralIndustrialComputerAerospace or AeronauticalSoftwareMaterialsOtherMechanicalBiomedicalElectricalOpticalChart covers the set of people who say they are currently working as engineers,whether or not they have a degree in engineering.$37,624$94,700$87,276$87,500$64,498$56,863$102,421$85,913$8

25、3,155$86,535$88,147$68,798$80,000$89,309 05%10%15%20%25%EnvironmentalGeneralCivilSoftwareIndustrialAerospace or AeronauticalChemicalComputerMaterialsOtherBiomedicalEngineering PhysicsMechanicalOpticalElectricalChart covers the set of people who say they have a degree in engineering.$42,999$64,672$51

26、,557$59,024$50,792$85,997$118,246$43,205$101,954$58,152$61,800$67,879$88,147$93,109$72,040Median salaries shown.What type of engineering degree do you have?Photo credit:Shutterstock-aappp8Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report9Wage GrowthSalaries paid in euro,U.S.

27、dollars,and Japanese yen were largely flat in 2023 versus 2022.There was a significant change in median salary paid in Chinese yuan(20%),and British pounds(8.8%).The overall median salary decreased 6.3%this year in relative U.S.dollars,while over the 13 years that this survey has been conducted,medi

28、an salaries in each of these five currency groups have generally increased.Wages paid in Chinese yuan have increased the most,rising 333%since 2011.3 Change in median salaries,201123,main currency groupsGrowth in median salaries,20112023,main currency groups2021 Median Salary2022 Median Salary2023 M

29、edian SalaryGrowth 20212023Chinese yuan250,000250,000300,00020%Euro52,00060,00060,00015%U.S.dollar$130,000$134,000$135,5004%British pound49,00047,42351,5905%Japanese yen 9,000,000 9,000,000 9,000,0000%50100150200250300350Chinese yuanEuroU.S.dollarBritish poundJapanese yen2023202220212020201920182017

30、201620152014201320122011Remote WorkRemote work continues to shift in our community.Three years ago,when the workplace impact of the pandemic was strongest,40%of survey respondents worked half or more of their hours remotely.One year ago,13%of employees worked remotely half or more of the time.This y

31、ear that number continued a slight decline to 12%.100%RemoteMostly RemoteAbout Half and HalfMostly Workplace100%WorkplaceThree years ago17%23%17%22%22%Two years ago8%18%22%30%21%One year ago4%9%16%37%34%Currently4%8%13%39%35%What proportion of your work hours did or do you spend working remotely ver

32、sus in an office,lab,or other workplace with colleagues?I ALWAYS REFERENCE THE SPIE OPTICS AND PHOTONICS GLOBAL SALARY REPORT AND LOOK FORWARD TO ITS RELEASE EACH YEAR.THIS IS A FANTASTIC RESOURCE FOR THE COMMUNITY-KEEP IT UP!“AFTER 43 YEARS WORKING IN OPTICS,IT HAS TURNED OUT TO BE A VERY GOOD CARE

33、ER CHOICE.Photo credit:Shutterstock-Roman Samborskyi10Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report11Career StageCanadaPeoples Republic of ChinaFranceGermanyIndiaItalyJapanNetherlandsRussiaSouth KoreaSpainSwitzerlandTaiwanUnited KingdomUnited StatesLess than one year 17,

34、246 51,598 26,874 24,728 44,530 83,000 1-2 years 36,076 27,594 31,174 54,259 6,368 19,887 29,503 44,407 30,000 21,764 79,729 18,539 42,646 75,000 3-5 years 55,611 27,594 38,699 64,055 8,320 38,699 38,233 64,498 22,239 35,638 29,239 102,031 55,376 81,375 6-10 years 71,240 41,391 50,523 75,248 12,211

35、40,849 43,331 85,997 6,394 65,457 40,634 101,474 33,525 63,651 120,000 11-15 years 69,786 55,188 51,598 94,597 15,564 42,999 54,163 82,802 22,639 65,821 50,523 144,962 54,073 64,893 136,250 16-20 years 85,415 34,492 59,123 96,747 21,549 51,598 63,721 107,497 16,477 96,367 52,136 61,797 83,065 154,00

36、0 21-25 years 101,045 34,492 66,648 109,647 53,748 63,721 72,730 55,898 161,689 76,381 160,000 26-30 years 103,225 55,188 66,110 106,422 69,873 66,907 115,559 120,732 78,927 165,000 More than 30 years 114,828 69,873 118,246$74,563 88,685 76,466 117,171 11,120$75,659 70,948 178,415$98,530 95,238 183,

37、500 Blank cells result from sample size below 5 respondents.Red numbers indicate sample size of 5-9.AfricaAsia,Higher IncomeAsia,Lower IncomeEurope,Higher IncomeEurope,Lower IncomeLatin AmericaMiddle EastNorth AmericaOceaniaLess than one year$25,456$8,380$44,530$80,0001-2 years$31,861$24,834$45,178$

38、15,313$35,490$81,0003-5 years$7,663$38,233$14,965$56,063$17,235$21,155$47,294$96,293$64,7756-10 years$12,751$50,944$24,834$61,105$7,600$27,959$44,748$120,000$69,40111-15 years$9,833$58,548$27,540$68,886$15,902$34,938$39,727$140,000$79,31616-20 years$7,890$70,524$25,769$72,023$16,477$63,539$60,000$15

39、0,000$79,60621-25 years$70,094$32,578$81,022$30,667$19,505$27,221$152,50026-30 years$82,838$31,733$91,372$25,921$46,180$4,000$163,500More than 30 years$76,466$28,236$95,477$9,889$56,774$149,518$180,000$98,561Blank cells result from sample size below 5 respondents.Red text indicates sample size of 5-

40、9.AcademicFor-profitGovernment/militaryLess than one year 46,114 72,349 70,000 1-2 years 54,102 72,300 62,887 3-5 years 54,355 76,329 64,924 6-10 years 58,000 89,210 75,248 11-15 years 58,116 107,248 64,498 16-20 years 57,349 101,822 86,565 21-25 years 70,723 130,000 82,391 26-30 years 89,500 145,46

41、0 85,997 More than 30 years 89,605 160,000 100,483 Median salary by years employed for selected countries Median salary by years employed and regionMedian salary by years employed and organization type category Pay for full-time workers is highest in North America,and employees at for-profit organiz

42、ations earn more than their counterparts in academia and government at every career stage.“NOW,AS A GRADUATE STUDENT,IM EXCITED TO DELVE DEEPER INTO THE WORLD OF PHOTONICS AND EXPLORE ITS APPLICATIONS IN FIELDS LIKE QUANTUM COMPUTING AND BIOMEDICAL IMAGING.IM ALSO INTERESTED IN EXPLORING THE INTERSE

43、CTION OF OPTICS WITH GEOSPATIAL AND REMOTE SENSING TECHNOLOGIES.ITS A THRILLING TIME TO BE IN THIS FIELD,AND I CANT AWAIT TO SEE WHAT DISCOVERIES AND INNOVATIONS THE FUTURE HOLDS!Photo credit:Getty Images 12Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report13Employer Type Med

44、ian salaries are greatest for military/defense,civilian government,and companies or corporations.Universities,colleges,and other educational institutions pay the least.6Median salary by employer typeRegionAcademicGovernment/militaryFor-profitNorth America$95,000$132,972$150,000Europe,higher income$5

45、4,740$53,748$77,398Oceania$70,077$76,399Middle East$18,516$29,270$75,489Asia,higher income$56,175$59,832$63,721Europe,lower income$10,380$19,348$28,588Asia,lower income$20,695$24,834$27,594Latin America&Caribbean$32,597$26,095$18,200Africa$10,667$53,345$7,246Blank cells result from sample size below

46、 5 respondents.Red text indicates sample size of 5-9.Percentage of RespondentsMedian SalaryTraditional companies83%$102,000 Startup companies17%$92,034 The question was seen only by respondents indicating“Company or corporation”or“Private laboratory or research institute”for organization type.Median

47、 salary by region:Academic,government/military,and for-profit employersMedian salaries at startup versus traditional companiesStartups account for just under 17%of workers at for-profit organizations.These entrepreneurs earn median salaries of$92,034 versus$102,000 for their colleagues at traditiona

48、l companies.RegionNorth America,Oceania,and higher-income Europe and Asia stand out as the regions with the highest salaries.4 A large portion of regional income gaps is explained by the level of economic development of countries within each area.5 Median salary by region“How did you find your origi

49、nal position at your present employer?”0$20,000$40,000$60,000$80,000$100,000$120,000University,college,or other educational institution(n=1349)Other research institute(n=45)Private laboratory or research institute(n=82)Government laboratory or research institute(n=546)Other(n=22)Self-employed or con

50、sultant(n=50)Not-for-profit organization or intergovernmental organization(n=156)Company or corporation(n=2443)Civilian government(n=49)Military or defense(n=95)$59,487$60,198$61,811$64,498$65,899$87,610$98,322$102,122$111,361$114,0000$30,000$60,000$90,000$120,000$150,000Africa(n=41)Europe,lower inc

51、ome(n=99)Asia,lower income(n=323)Latin America&Caribbean(n=136)Middle East(n=136)Asia,higher income(n=396)Europe,higher income(n=1485)Oceania(n=42)North America(n=2187)$12,751$16,477$23,944$36,495$41,627$61,797$64,498$72,706$130,000Online job advertisement 24%I was recruited 18%Networking or referra

52、l through personal contact 29%In-person job fair 1%I contacted the employer directly(no job was advertised)10%University career ofce5%Other 3%Professional association 3%I founded or startedthe company 2%Printed job advertisement(newspaper or journal)2%Public/governmentplacement agency 2%Alumni netwo

53、rk 1%14Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report15Median salary by primary disciplineDiscipline Aerospace and semiconductor disciplines enjoy the highest median earnings,at$111,436 and$106,000,respectively.Civil or environmental salaries are the smallest,with a media

54、n salary of$42,999.The two most important factors driving salary gaps across disciplines are employment sector and country income level.The highest-paying disciplines have much higher representation at for-profit companies:76%of semiconductor and 66%of aerospace workers are at for-profits.Country in

55、come level has a similar impact on median salaries of optics and photonics disciplines.In aerospace,for example,87%of workers are located in North America or higher-income European countries.Median salary by discipline:academic employers,government/military,and for-profit 0$20,000$40,000$60,000$80,0

56、00$100,000$120,000Civil or environmental(n=59)Nanotechnology(n=251)Physics(n=537)Computer science,software,or information technology(n=428)Photonics(n=861)Electrical or electronics(n=422)Biomedical,medical,biology,biophysics,biotechnology,or healthcare(n=699)Other(n=202)Remote sensing(n=272)Lasers(n

57、=659)Interdisciplinary engineering or research(n=252)Materials(n=329)Mechanical(n=173)Optical systems(n=1063)Optical design(n=527)Illumination(n=69)Astronomy or astrophysics(n=395)Manufacturing(n=579)Systems engineering or research(n=326)Chemical(n=148)Semiconductor(n=592)Aerospace(n=396)$42,999$70,

58、000$63,651$65,635$69,873$72,663$75,000$75,932$86,024$75,000$75,124$80,003$83,847$88,147$84,802$95,000$87,000$96,000$97,284$75,857$106,000$111,436 DisciplineAcademicGovernment militaryFor-profitSemiconductor$55,000$85,131$123,621Aerospace$100,000$102,061$120,000Chemical$56,681$87,000$120,000Interdisc

59、iplinary engineering or research$57,910$87,000$114,000Materials$65,334$79,326$111,069Nanotechnology$53,608$61,081$107,497Optical Systems$54,740$79,963$107,248Systems engineering or research$61,797$102,500$105,173Biomedical,medical,biology,biophysics,biotechnology,or healthcare$64,498$49,447$102,122R

60、emote sensing$53,608$109,041$100,000Manufacturing$52,757$65,425$97,899Illumination$46,348$97,123Mechanical$54,452$101,169$96,138Optical design$58,371$65,310$95,110Photonics$53,467$61,790$91,686Electrical or electronics$51,598$75,248$91,372Other$42,770$72,436$90,500Physics$59,123$76,000$89,324Astrono

61、my or astrophysics$82,863$69,658$86,000Computer science,software,or information technology$45,500$54,632$85,997Lasers$53,748$75,828$85,000Civil or environmental$35,763$25,262$60,883Blank cells result from sample size below 5 respondents.Red text indicates sample size of 5-9.I FIND GREAT SATISFACTION

62、 IN MY JOB AS IT ALIGNS PERFECTLY WITH MY PASSION AND SKILLS.EACH DAY PRESENTS NEW CHALLENGES THAT ALLOW ME TO APPLY MY KNOWLEDGE AND PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITIES.“16Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report17Gender Women make up 24%of the respondents to the survey,20%o

63、f full-time workers,and 33%of part-time workers,and 24%of students.The median salary for all full-time women is$67,803,versus$85,997 for men.Men have higher median salaries in academic,for-profit,and government/military employers and at all career stages.Median salary by gender and regionMedian sala

64、ry by application areaApplication AreaSecurity/defense is the highest-paid application area,which is consistent with other findings,given that 88%of these workers are in North America,Oceania or higher income Europe,the highest-paying regions.0$20,000$40,000$60,000$80,000$100,000$120,000Not applicab

65、le-My work does not have a direct application(n=252)Environmental monitoring(n=443)Communications/networking(n=625)Biomedical,medical,biology,biophysics,biotechnology,or healthcare(n=1325)Other(n=574)Advanced manufacturing(n=1047)Astronomy or astrophysics(n=599)Transportation(n=200)Semiconductor(n=1

66、065)Security/defense(n=853)$63,651$63,721$73,000$81,484$82,781$85,997$86,499$96,747$107,000$66,097 Respondents were asked What is the main application of your most recent work,research,studies,or teaching?0$30,000$60,000$90,000$120,000$150,000OceaniaNorth AmericaMiddle EastLatin America&CaribbeanEur

67、ope,lower incomeEurope,higher incomeAsia,lower incomeAsia,higher incomeAfricaN=489 women,2489 men.Red number indicates sample size of 5-9.Women Men$2,667$35,684$19,616$52,692$15,096$38,139$20,000$108,000$72,706$19,152$63,721$24,834$69,873$16,584$34,227$43,205$140,000$71,567“PHOTONICSIS A FAST-DEVELO

68、PING FIELDAND I LOVE BEING A PART OF IT.“Photo credit:Shutterstock-GorodenkoffI AM PASSIONATE ABOUT EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF PHYSICS AND BIOLOGY,AND OPTICS HAS BEEN A FASCINATING AVENUE FOR ME TO BRIDGE THESE DISCIPLINES.THE POWER OF OPTICS TO UNLOCK HIDDEN MYSTERIES AND CONTRIBUTE TO ADVANCEME

69、NTS IN THESE FIELDS CONTINUES TO DRIVE MY DEDICATION TO PHOTONICS AND ITS TRANSFORMATIVE APPLICATIONS.18Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report19Median salary by gender and employer typeOther Factors Other factors that influence salary include job level and job rol

70、e.Top organizational leaders enjoy the highest salaries,while students and research or teaching assistants anchor the bottom of the range.Median salary by job level0$50,000$100,000$150,000$200,000$250,000Teaching assistant(n=15)Student(including PhD)(n=40)Research assistant(n=117)Assistant professor

71、(n=187)Instructor or adjunct professor(n=43)Associate professor(n=239)Other technician(n=58)Postdoc(n=385)Academic dean or provost(n=9)Fellow(n=54)Optical or laser manufacturing technician(n=45)Full professor(n=276)Other(n=149)Staf(including engineers and researchers)(n=1058)Supervisor or manager(in

72、cluding engineers and researchers)(n=525)Lead or senior level(including engineers and researchers)(n=996)Owner(n=68)C-level or senior executive(n=110)Director(n=274)Vice-president(n=69)$18,554$46,054$48,000$48,289$49,572$52,355$54,837$54,840$55,188$56,649$65,000$76,733$77,398$80,051$102,000$117,043$

73、120,934$145,584$150,517$210,000Median salary by gender and years employedFemaleMenLess than one year$49,960$62,000 1-2 years$58,000$64,845 3-5 years$61,800$64,698 6-10 years$73,098$74,586 11-15 years$75,000$80,622 16-20 years$63,721$90,000 21-25 years$97,000$107,497 26-30 years$96,578$123,580 More t

74、han 30 years$93,738$145,000 n=458 women,2135 men0$20,000$40,000$60,000$80,000$100,000$120,000Government/militaryFor-ProfitAcademia$69,228$84,124$53,748$76,323$107,497$60,099$64,498$107,073$85,997Women MenPrefer not to sayPhoto credit:Getty ImagesAS A STUDENT PURSUING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,MY INTER

75、EST IN SPIE AND THE FIELD OF OPTICS AND PHOTONICS STEMS FROM THE RECOGNITION OF THE INTERDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY.THE INTEGRATION OF AI ALGORITHMS WITH OPTICS NOT ONLY ENHANCES THE CAPABILITIES OF TRADITIONAL OPTICAL SYSTEMS BUT ALSO OPENS UP NEW AVENUES FOR RESEARCH AND INNOVATION.T

76、HIS CONVERGENCE HAS THE POTENTIAL TO REVOLUTIONIZE VARIOUS INDUSTRIES,FROM HEALTHCARE TO COMMUNICATIONS AND BEYOND.“Median salary by job roleMedian salary by job level,selected countriesAssistant professorAssociate professor C-level or senior levelDirectorFull professorLead or senior levelOtherpostd

77、ocResearch assistantStaffSupervisor or managerUnited States 101,500 125,000 227,500 215,000 160,000 160,000 104,000 65,000 65,000 112,015 157,000 Germany 128,996 142,433 107,497 94,139 79,547 66,648 59,123 77,398 92,985 Netherlands 102,122 64,498 77,398 103,197 South Korea 72,730 98,186 94,549 80,00

78、3 41,092 67,275 87,276 Canada 73,057 152,657 105,406 84,325 60,976 41,799 57,065 66,515 98,137 France 41,924 103,734 80,622 59,346 43,988 36,549 56,008 63,423 United Kingdom 63,651 73,448 202,728 112,662 105,024 72,308 82,746 53,467 50,505 54,740 84,529 Japan 35,047 55,756 101,954 63,721 62,128 25,4

79、89 43,649 68,501 Italy 40,849 60,198 96,747 56,774 39,236 27,949 53,748 42,999 67,723 Spain 38,699 37,839 68,260 55,898 40,634 42,999 57,511 Czechia 28,359 63,262 46,683 39,811 Taiwan 61,797 46,348 66,432 39,396 100,421 Mexico 31,239 43,463 17,603 38,248 Brazil 27,959 38,770 93,197 26,095 Peoples Re

80、public of China 46,909 27,594 56,567 41,391 63,068 31,043 24,834 44,150 India 13,768 13,169 35,916 22,447 21,549 14,666 14,965 Russia 18,730 8,062 20,849 10,750 44,478 Sorted by Staff median salary.Minimum cell sample size is 5 respondents,with red text indicating sample size of 5-9.0$50,000$100,000

81、$150,000$200,000Student(including PhD)(n=20)Writer or editor(n=11)College professor,teacher,or other educator(n=464)Basic research or science(n=528)Administrative(n=88)Technical or lab(n=160)Other(n=126)Applied research(n=775)Marketing(n=85)Recruiting,human resources,or training(n=8)Consultant(n=49)

82、Medical doctor or clinician(n=19)Production,manufacturing,or quality assurance(n=105)Purchasing(n=19)Application or product development(n=278)Project or program management(n=242)Sales(n=205)Engineering or design(n=971)Business development(n=144)Executive,leadership,or owner(n=262)$44,136$48,059$59,1

83、23$60,000$64,249$69,451$69,936$70,948$73,211$74,733$81,373$85,997$85,999$86,953$92,964$96,112$96,747$103,500$108,572$156,566 What most inspired you to pursue optics,photonics,or a related field?05%10%15%20%25%30%A course at secondary schoolOtherInterest in solving particular problems with lightA cou

84、rse at universityScientific curiosity about lightProfessors,teachers,or mentorsThe opportunities,excitement,and challengespresented by a growing fieldIncludes students,full-time,and part-time workers.2%6%11%15%19%22%26%Optics&Photonics Global Salary Report21Photo credit:Getty ImagesPhoto credit:Gett

85、y ImagesPhoto credit:Getty Images-William Taufic22Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report23Methodology and Endnotes In January of 2024,SPIE sent email survey invitations to a large subset of its global customer database.Response was voluntary and open.A gift card r

86、affle and early access to this report were offered as incentives to encourage participation.Surveys were completed online using Alchemers enterprise survey tool.Results were filtered for duplicates and invalid data to yield 7,532 valid responses.Microsoft Excel and Power BI were utilized for summary

87、 statistics and related analyses.Notes:1.This list includes valid responses from full-time,part-time,unemployed,student,and retiree respondents.United States(2808),Germany(517),Peoples Republic of China(372),India(330),United Kingdom(288),Canada(274),Japan(271),Italy(253),South Korea(190),France(171

88、),Spain(158),Netherlands(124),Mexico(104),Taiwan(90),Switzerland(87),Russia(86),Brazil(77),Turkey(77),Belgium(66),Finland(63),Poland(60),Australia(56),Israel(55),Iran(50),Lithuania(50),Austria(46),Czechia(46),Pakistan(45),Portugal(44),Sweden(43),Egypt(35),Ireland(35),Singapore(35),Ukraine(33),Colomb

89、ia(31),South Africa(31),Chile(30),Greece(28),Denmark(27),Nigeria(22),Indonesia(21),Argentina(18),Romania(18),Philippines(17),Norway(15),Iraq(14),Latvia(14),Malaysia(14),United Arab Emirates(13),Hungary(12),Algeria(11),Hong Kong SAR,China(11),Thailand(11),Saudi Arabia(10),Bangladesh(9),Kenya(9),New Z

90、ealand(9),Slovak Republic(9),Slovenia(9),Tunisia(9),Bulgaria(8),Morocco(8),Peru(8),Vietnam(8),Armenia(7),Belarus(7),Ethiopia(7),Cyprus(6),Ecuador(6),Cameroon(5),Ghana(5),Serbia(5),Cte dIvoire(4),Croatia(4),Luxembourg(4),Qatar(4),Azerbaijan(3),Congo,Dem.Rep.(3),Estonia(3),Georgia(3),Jordan(3),Kazakhs

91、tan(3),Libya(3),Liechtenstein(3),Macao SAR,China(3),Moldova(3),Sri Lanka(3),Afghanistan(2),Angola(2),Bolivia(2),Bosnia and Herzegovina(2),Burundi(2),Cayman Islands(2),Congo,Republic of the(2),Cuba(2),Guatemala(2),Guinea(2),Kuwait(2),Kyrgyz Republic(2),Lebanon(2),Lesotho(2),Malawi(2),Malta(2),Myanmar

92、(2),Nepal(2),Oman(2),Palestine,State of(2),Puerto Rico(2),Sudan(2),Swaziland(2),Syria(2),Uganda(2),Uruguay(2),Uzbekistan(2),Venezuela(2),Zimbabwe(2)2.U.S.dollars are used throughout.Local currencies were converted using June 2024 market exchange rates.Salary figures include total yearly compensation

93、,both base pay and bonuses.Full-time employees are those who indicated working 35 or more hours per week.Unless otherwise noted,all data on pay is drawn from full-time employees.3.Yearly growth was computed by comparing same-currency results for each year.4.Oceania is comprised of Australia and New

94、Zealand.North America is comprised of the United States and Canada.Mexico is included in the Latin America and Caribbean category.5.Europe and Asia are composed of countries spanning a wide range of income levels,even when subdivided into higher-and lower-income groups.For example,the European highe

95、r-income category includes Lithuania and Norway at$24,820 and$102,460 per capita Gross National Income(GNI),respectively,for 2023.European lower-income countries on the World Banks threshold for high-income countries.This threshold is used throughout this report when referring to“higher-income”and“l

96、ower-income”countries.For data on per capita GNI,see http:/data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries.For World Bank country income categories,see http:/data.worldbank.org/about/country-classifications.6.The category“for-profit”is composed of company,corporation,self-employed,or consultan

97、t.“Academic”is composed of university,college,private lab or research institute,not-for-profit,intergovernmental,and other research institute.“Government/military”is composed of government lab or research institute,civilian government,and military/defense.Degree being pursuedStudentsThe majority of

98、student respondents are pursuing PhDs.010%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%Associates degreeOtherMasters of Business Administration(MBA or equivalent)Technical degree or certificateHigh school diplomaBachelors degree(BA,BS,or equivalent)Masters degree(MA,MS,or equivalent)PhD,doctorate,or equivalentn=18001%1%1%1

99、%1%12%21%63%Photo credit:Shutterstock-aslysun AS I REFLECT ON MY JOURNEYIN PHOTONICS,I CAN CONFIDENTLY SAY THAT SPIE HAS BEEN AN INSTRUMENTAL PARTNER IN MY PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT.“24Optics&Photonics Global Salary ReportOptics&Photonics Global Salary Report25Reimagine YOUR CAREEROpen the door to sp

100、ecialized,streamlined,and seamless job searching Connect directly with employers.Cut through the noise;jobs are optics and photonics specific.No extra steps,formalities,or clutter.Find work that works for youspie.org/jobsPhoto credit:Getty ImagesSPIE INTERNATIONAL HEADQUARTERS PO Box 10 Bellingham,W

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102、served.No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisher.SPIE is the international society for optics and photonicsCONNECTING MINDS.ADVANCING LIGHT.2024 Global Salary Report“SPIE is the international society for optic

103、s and photonics.We bring engineers,scientists,students,and business professionals together to advance light-based science and technology.Over the past five years,we have invested more than$25 million in the international optics community through our advocacy and support,including scholarships,educational resources,travel grants,endowed gifts,and public-policy development.SPIE is a registered trademark of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.All rights reserved.BEING A MEMBER OF SPIE OPENED DOORS FOR MEAND CONTRIBUTED GREATLY TO MY SUCCESS.