1、 FOR RELEASE JANUARY 31,2024 BY Jeffrey Gottfried FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES:Jeffrey Gottfried,Associate Director,Research Monica Anderson,Director,Internet and Technology Research Haley Nolan,Communications Manager 202.419.4372 www.pewresearch.org RECOMMENDED CITATION Pew Research Center,January,

2、2024,“Americans Social Media Use”1 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan,nonadvocacy fact tank that informs the public about the issues,attitudes and trends shaping the world.It does not take policy positions.The Center conducts public

3、 opinion polling,demographic research,computational social science research and other data-driven research.It studies politics and policy;news habits and media;the internet and technology;religion;race and ethnicity;international affairs;social,demographic and economic trends;science;research method

4、ology and data science;and immigration and migration.Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts,its primary funder.Pew Research Center 2024 2 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org How we did this To better understand Americans social media use,Pew Research Center surveyed 5,7

5、33 U.S.adults from May 19 to Sept.5,2023.Ipsos conducted this National Public Opinion Reference Survey(NPORS)for the Center using address-based sampling and a multimode protocol that included both web and mail.This way nearly all U.S.adults have a chance of selection.The survey is weighted to be rep

6、resentative of the U.S.adult population by gender,race and ethnicity,education and other categories.Polls from 2000 to 2021 were conducted via phone.For more on this mode shift,read our Q&A.Here are the questions used for this analysis,along with responses,and its methodology.A note on terminology:O

7、ur May-September 2023 survey was already in the field when Twitter changed its name to“X.”The terms Twitter and X are both used in this report to refer to the same platform.3 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Social media platforms faced a range of controversies in recent years,including conce

8、rns over misinformation and data privacy.Even so,U.S.adults use a wide range of sites and apps,especially YouTube and Facebook.And TikTok which some Congress members previously called to ban saw growth in its user base.These findings come from a Pew Research Center survey of 5,733 U.S.adults conduct

9、ed May 19-Sept.5,2023.YouTube by and large is the most widely used online platform measured in our survey.Roughly eight-in-ten U.S.adults(83%)report ever using the video-based platform.While a somewhat lower share reports using it,Facebook is also a dominant player in the online landscape.Most Ameri

10、cans(68%)report using the social media platform.Additionally,roughly half of U.S.adults(47%)say they use Instagram.The other sites and apps asked about are not as widely used,but a fair portion of Americans still use them:27%to 35%of U.S.adults use Pinterest,TikTok,LinkedIn,WhatsApp and Snapchat.Abo

11、ut one-in-five say they use Twitter(recently renamed“X”)and Reddit.Most U.S.adults use YouTube and Facebook;about half use Instagram%of U.S.adults who say they ever use Note:Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 19-Sept.5,2023.“Americans Socia

12、l Media Use”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 4 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org This year is the first time we asked about BeReal,a photo-based platform launched in 2020.Just 3%of U.S.adults report using it.Recent Center findings show that YouTube also dominates the social media landscape among U.S.teens.

13、5 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org One platform TikTok stands out for growth of its user base.A third of U.S.adults(33%)say they use the video-based platform,up 12 percentage points from 2021(21%).The other sites asked about had more modest or no growth over the past couple of years.For insta

14、nce,while YouTube and Facebook dominate the social media landscape,the shares of adults who use these platforms has remained stable since 2021.The Center has been tracking use of online platforms for many years.Recently,we shifted from gathering responses via telephone to the web and mail.Mode chang

15、es can affect study results in a number of ways,therefore we have to take a cautious approach when examining how things have or have not changed since our last study on these topics in 2021.For more details on this shift,please read our Q&A.A third of U.S.adults say they use TikTok,up from 21%in 202

16、1%of U.S.adults who say they ever use Note:Dotted line indicates a change in mode.Polls from 2000-2021 were conducted via phone.In 2023,the poll was conducted via web and mail.Refer to the topline for more information on how question wording varied over the years.Pre-2018 data is not available for Y

17、ouTube,Snapchat or WhatsApp;pre-2019 data is not available for Reddit;pre-2021 data is not available for TikTok;pre-2023 data is not available for BeReal.Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 19-Sept.5,2023.“Americans Social Media Use”PEW RESE

18、ARCH CENTER 6 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Adults under 30 are far more likely than their older counterparts to use many of the online platforms.These findings are consistent with previous Center data.Age gaps are especially large for Instagram,Snapchat and TikTok platforms that are used

19、by majorities of adults under 30.For example:78%of 18-to 29-year-olds say they use Instagram,far higher than the share among those 65 and older(15%).65%of U.S.adults under 30 report using Snapchat,compared with just 4%of the oldest age cohort.62%of 18-to 29-year-olds say they use TikTok,much higher

20、than the share among adults ages 65 years and older(10%).Americans ages 30 to 49 and 50 to 64 fall somewhere in between for all three platforms.YouTube and Facebook are the only two platforms that majorities of all age groups use.That said,there is still a large The youngest U.S.adults are far more

21、likely to use Instagram,Snapchat and TikTok;age differences are less pronounced for Facebook%of U.S.adults who say they ever use Note:All differences shown in DIFF column are statistically significant.The DIFF values shown are based on subtracting the rounded values in the chart.Respondents who did

22、not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 19-Sept.5,2023.“Americans Social Media Use”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 7 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org age gap between the youngest and oldest adults when it comes to use of YouTube.The age gap for Facebook,though,is much s

23、maller.Americans ages 30 to 49 stand out for using three of the platforms LinkedIn,WhatsApp and Facebook at higher rates.For instance,40%of this age group uses LinkedIn,higher than the roughly three-in-ten among those ages 18 to 29 and 50 to 64.And just 12%of those 65 and older say the same.Overall,

24、a large majority of the youngest adults use multiple sites and apps.About three-quarters of adults under 30(74%)use at least five of the platforms asked about.This is far higher than the shares of those ages 30 to 49(53%),50 to 64(30%),and ages 65 and older(8%)who say the same.Refer to our social me

25、dia fact sheet for more detailed data by age for each site and app.8 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org A number of demographic differences emerge in who uses each platform.Some of these include the following:Instagram Race and ethnicity:Roughly six-in-ten Hispanic(58%)and Asian(57%)adults repo

26、rt using Instagram,somewhat higher than the shares among Black(46%)and White(43%)adults.1 Gender:Women are more likely than their male counterparts to say they use the platform.Education:Those with some college education and those with a college degree report using it at somewhat higher rates than t

27、hose who have a high school degree or less education.TikTok Race and ethnicity:Hispanic adults are particularly likely to use TikTok,with 49%saying they use it,higher than Black adults(39%).Even smaller shares of Asian(29%)and White(28%)adults say the same.Gender:Women use the platform at higher rat

28、es than men(40%vs.25%).LinkedIn Education:Americans with higher levels of formal education are especially likely to use LinkedIn.For instance,53%of Americans with at least a bachelors degree report using the platform,far higher than among those who have some college education(28%)and those who have

29、a high school degree or less education(10%).This is the largest educational difference measured across any of the platforms asked about.Twitter(renamed“X”)Household income:Adults with higher household incomes use Twitter at somewhat higher rates.For instance,29%of U.S.adults who have an annual house

30、hold income of at least$100,000 say they use the platform.This compares with one-in-five among those with annual household incomes of$70,000 to$99,999,and around one-in-five among those with annual incomes of less than$30,000 and those between$30,000 and$69,999.1 Estimates for Asian adults are repre

31、sentative of English speakers only.9 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Pinterest Gender:Women are far more likely to use Pinterest than men(50%vs.19%).WhatsApp Race and ethnicity:54%of Hispanic adults and 51%of Asian adults report using WhatsApp.This compares with 31%of Black adults and even s

32、maller shares of those who are White(20%).10 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org How use of online platforms such as Facebook,Instagram or TikTok differs among some U.S.demographic groups%of U.S.adults who say they ever use *Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.

33、Note:White,Black and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic.Hispanic adults are of any race.Not all numerical differences between groups shown are statistically significant.Respondents who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conduc

34、ted May 19-Sept.5,2023.“Americans Social Media Use”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 11 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Acknowledgments This report is a collaborative effort based on the input and analysis of the following individuals.Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/internet.Primary researc

35、hers Jeffrey Gottfried,Associate Director,Research Research team Monica Anderson,Director,Internet and Technology Research Emily A.Vogels,Research Associate Colleen McClain,Research Associate Michelle Faverio,Research Analyst Risa Gelles-Watnick,Research Analyst Olivia Sidoti,Research Assistant Lee

36、Rainie,Former Director,Internet and Technology Research Eugenie Park,Temporary Researcher Editorial and graphic design Kaitlyn Radde,Associate Information Graphics Designer Rebecca Leppert,Copy Editor Communications and web publishing Haley Nolan,Communications Manager Sara Atske,Digital Producer Be

37、shay Sakla,Associate Digital Producer In addition,the project benefited greatly from the guidance of Pew Research Centers methodology team:Courtney Kennedy,Ashley Amaya,Andrew Mercer,Dorene Asare-Marfo,Anna Brown,Arnold Lau and Dana Popky.12 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 2023 National Publ

38、ic Opinion Reference Survey(NPORS)Methodology Summary Ipsos conducted the National Public Opinion Reference Survey(NPORS)for Pew Research Center using address-based sampling and a multimode protocol.The survey was fielded from May 19 to Sept.5,2023.Participants were first mailed an invitation to com

39、plete an online survey.A paper survey was later mailed to those who did not respond.In total,2,217 respondents completed the survey online,and 3,516 respondents completed the paper survey(total n=5,733).The survey was administered in English and Spanish.The AAPOR Response Rate 1 was 31%.Sample defin

40、ition The sample was drawn from the U.S.Postal Service Computerized Delivery Sequence File and was provided by MSG(Marketing Systems Group).Occupied residential addresses(including“drop points”)in all U.S.states(including Alaska and Hawaii)and the District of Columbia had a nonzero chance of selecti

41、on.The draw was a national,stratified random sample,with differential probabilities of selection across the mutually exclusive strata.Ipsos designed the sample plan as shown in the table below.Stratum Race/Ethnicity%of specified race/ethnicity Education Total ABS households Total sampled households

42、1 Black,non-Hispanic 50%-74.99%Black,non-Hispanic 65%+HS or less 0.5%0.6%2 Black,non-Hispanic 50%-74.99%Black,non-Hispanic Remaining census block groups 3.3%4.0%3 Black,non-Hispanic 75%+Black,non-Hispanic 65%+HS or less 0.4%0.6%4 Black,non-Hispanic 75%+Black,non-Hispanic Remaining census block group

43、s 2.4%3.1%5 Hispanic 50%-74.99%Hispanic 65%+HS or less 1.2%5.6%6 Hispanic 50%-74.99%Hispanic Remaining census block groups 4.7%12.4%7 Hispanic 75%+Hispanic 65%+HS or less 2.0%5.8%8 Hispanic 75%+Hispanic Remaining census block groups 1.8%3.9%9 All other Remaining census block groups 65%+HS or less 3.

44、0%4.5%10 All other Remaining census block groups Remaining census block groups 80.8%59.3%100%13 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Mailing protocol Ipsos sent initial mailings in a 9-by-12-inch envelope via first-class mail to the 19,498 sampled households.These packets included two$1 bills and

45、 a letter asking a member of the household to complete an online survey using the website and password provided.If two or more adults were in the household,the letter asked the adult with the next birthday to complete the survey.Sampled households were later sent a reminder postcard and then a remin

46、der letter via first-class mail.Ipsos sent nonresponding households with a deliverable address a 9-by-12-inch Priority Mail envelope.The Priority envelope contained a letter,a$5 bill,a paper version of the survey and a postage-paid return envelope.The paper survey was one 11-by-17-inch page folded b

47、ooklet-style.The within-household selection instructions were identical to those used in the earlier online survey request.Nonresponding households were later sent a second envelope containing another copy of the paper questionnaire by first-class mail.The initial mailing and the first mailing conta

48、ining the paper version of the survey were each sent out in two separate launches:soft launch and full launch.The soft launch made up 5%of the sample at each point in the field period and was sent out several days earlier than the full launch.The full launch consisted of the remaining sample.Househo

49、lds in Hispanic-dominant census block groups received all materials in English and Spanish.All other households received materials in English only.Those who completed the survey online or returned the completed paper survey were sent a$10 post-incentive.Questionnaire development and testing Pew Rese

50、arch Center developed the questionnaire in consultation with Ipsos.The online questionnaire was tested on both desktop and mobile devices.The test data was analyzed to ensure the logic and randomizations were working as intended before the survey was launched.Weighting The survey was weighted to sup

51、port reliable inference from the sample to the target population of U.S.adults.The weight was created using a multistep process that includes a base weight adjusting for differential probabilities of selection and a raking calibration that aligns the survey with the population benchmarks.The process

52、 starts with the base weight,which accounted for the probability of selection of the address from the U.S.Postal Service Computerized Delivery Sequence File frame,as well as the number of adults living in the household.14 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Then the base weights are calibrated t

53、o population benchmarks using raking,or iterative proportional fitting.The raking dimensions and the source for the population parameter estimates are reported in the table below.All raking targets are based on the noninstitutionalized U.S.adult population(ages 18 and older).These weights are trimme

54、d at about the 1st and 99th percentiles to reduce the loss in precision stemming from variance in the weights.Raking dimensions and source for population parameter estimates,NPORS 2023 Raking dimension*Source Age(5)2021 American Community Survey Gender(2)x Age(3)2021 American Community Survey Gender

55、(2)x Education(3)2021 American Community Survey Age(3)x Education(3)2021 American Community Survey Race/ethnicity(5)*2021 American Community Survey Education(3)x Race/ethnicity(4)*2021 American Community Survey Race/ethnicity(4)x Born inside or outside the U.S.(2)*2021 American Community Survey Cens

56、us region(4)by metro status(2)2021 Current Population Survey ASEC March Supplement Voter registration(2)*2018 Current Population Survey Voting and Registration Supplement Phone type(3)x Education(3)*2022 National Health Interview Survey Phone type(3)x White/non-White(2)*2022 National Health Intervie

57、w Survey Phone type(3)x Age(3)2022 National Health Interview Survey*Voter registration is calculated using procedures from Hur,Achen(2013)and rescaled to include the total U.S.adult population.*The standalone raking dimension for race/ethnicity includes“Asian,non-Hispanic”as its own category,but thi

58、s category is combined with“Other,non-Hispanic”when crossed with other dimensions.*Education is collapsed for the“Other,non-Hispanic”category.Born inside or outside the U.S.is crossed only among Hispanics.*Cellphone only,landline only or both.Design effect and margin of error Weighting and survey de

59、sign features that depart from simple random sampling tend to result in an increase in the variance of survey estimates.This increase,known as the design effect,or“deff,”should be incorporated into the margin of error,standard errors and tests of statistical significance.The overall design effect fo

60、r a survey is commonly approximated as 1 plus the squared coefficient of variation of the weights.For this survey,the margin of error(half-width of the 95%confidence interval)incorporating the design effect for full sample estimates at 50%is plus or minus 1.8 percentage points.Estimates based on sub

61、groups will have larger margins of error.It is important to remember that random sampling error is only one possible source of error in a survey estimate.Other sources,such as question wording and reporting inaccuracy,may contribute additional error.15 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org A summa

62、ry of the weights and their associated design effect is reported in the table below.Weight variable Completed interviews Approximate design effect Effective sample size Margin of error (95%confidence level)WEIGHT 5,733 1.9 2,980 1.8 percentage points The following table shows the unweighted sample s

63、izes and the error attributable to sampling that would be expected at the 95%level of confidence for different groups in the survey.Sample sizes and margins of error,NPORS 2023 Group Unweighted sample size Plus or minus Total sample 5,733 1.8 percentage points White,non-Hispanic 3,729 2.2 percentage

64、 points Black,non-Hispanic 528 5.7 percentage points Hispanic 941 4.8 percentage points Asian,non-Hispanic 244 8.5 percentage points Ages 18-29 546 5.3 percentage points 30-49 1,589 3.3 percentage points 50-64 1,591 3.3 percentage points 65+1,914 2.8 percentage points High school or less 1,344 3.5 p

65、ercentage points Some college 1,873 3.2 percentage points College grad+2,466 2.5 percentage points Household income$30K 1,068 4.3 percentage points$30K-$69,999 1,777 3.4 percentage points$70K-$99,999 894 4.5 percentage points$100K+1,712 3.1 percentage points Urban 1,487 3.7 percentage points Suburba

66、n 2,718 2.6 percentage points Rural 1,449 3.5 percentage points PEW RESEARCH CENTER 16 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Sample sizes and sampling errors for other subgroups are available upon request.In addition to sampling error,one should bear in mind that question wording and practical dif

67、ficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls.A note about the Asian adult sample This survey includes a total sample size of 325 Asian adults.The sample primarily includes English-speaking Asian adults and,therefore,may not be representative of the o

68、verall Asian adult population.Despite this limitation,it is important to report the views of Asian adults on the topics in this study.As always,Asian adults responses are incorporated into the general population figures throughout this report.17 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Dispositions T

69、he table below reports the disposition of all sampled households for the survey.Final dispositions and rates,NPORS 2023 Interview Code Cases Complete 1.10 5,733 Partial 1.20 89 Eligible,non-interview Refusal 2.11 21 Blank questionnaire returned 2.1131 51 Completed questionnaire,but not returned duri

70、ng field period 2.27 82 Unknown eligibility,non-interview Nothing returned or completed 3.199 12,246 Housing unit,unknown if eligible respondent 3.20 37 Not eligible Selected respondent screened out of sample 4.10 7 No such address 4.313 1,232 Total sample used 19,498 Complete interviews(1.1)I 5,733

71、 Partial interviews(1.2)P 89 Refusal and break off(2.1)R 72 Non-contact(2.2)NC 82 Other(2.3,2.9)O 0 Unknown household(3.1)UH 12,246 Unknown respondent eligibility(3.2,3.9)UO 37 Not eligible(4.1,4.313)NE 1,239 TOTAL 19,498 AAPOR RR1=I/(I+P)+(R+NC+O)+(UH+UO)31%Pew Research Center 2024 18 PEW RESEARCH

72、CENTER www.pewresearch.org 2023 PEW RESEARCH CENTER NPORS INTERNET TOPLINE MAY 19 SEPTEMBER 5,2023 N=5,733 NOTE:ALL NUMBERS ARE PERCENTAGES UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.THE PERCENTAGES LESS THAN 0.5%ARE REPLACED BY AN ASTERISK(*).IF NO ONE ANSWERED THE QUESTION,THE CELL CONTAINS ZERO(0).A DOUBLE HYPHEN(-)

73、INDICATES THAT THE RESPONSE OPTION WAS NOT PRESENT IN THAT SURVEY.ROWS/COLUMNS MAY NOT TOTAL 100%DUE TO ROUNDING.Sample size Margin of error at 95%confidence level U.S.adults 5,733+/-1.8 percentage points ASK ALL:EMINUSE Do you use the internet or email,at least occasionally?ASK ALL:INTMOB Do you ac

74、cess the internet on a cell phone,tablet or other mobile handheld device,at least occasionally?2 Uses internet Does not use internet May 19-Sep 5,2023 95 5 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON:Uses internet Does not use internet Jan 2021 93 7 Feb 2019 90 10 Jan 2018 89 11 Nov 2016 90 10 May 2016 87 13 Apr 201

75、6*86 14 Nov 2015 87 13 Jul 2015 87 13 Apr 2015*85 15 Sep 2013*86 14 Aug 2013 80 20 May 2013 85 15 Dec 2012 81 19 2 The definition of an internet user varies from survey to survey.Prior to January 2005,internet users were defined as those who said“yes”to“Do you ever go online to access the Internet o

76、r World Wide Web or to send and receive email?”From January 2005 through February 2012,an internet user is someone who said“yes”to either“Do you use the internet,at least occasionally?”(INTUSE)OR“Do you send or receive email,at least occasionally?”(EMLOCC).From April 2012 through December 2012,an in

77、ternet user is someone said“yes”to any of three questions:INTUSE,EMLOCC or“Do you access the internet on a cell phone,tablet or other mobile handheld device,at least occasionally?”(INTMOB).In May 2013,half the sample was asked INTUSE/EMLOCC/INTMOB and half was asked EMINUSE/INTMOB.Those May 2013 tre

78、nd results are for both forms combined.Since then,anyone who responds“yes”to EMINUSE or INTMOB is considered an internet user.The surveys with an asterisk(*)originally included 16-and 17-year-olds in their samples,while all other surveys were exclusively conducted among adults ages 18 and older.In s

79、ome prior Pew Research Center publications,findings from the asterisked surveys included those under 18.In this table,results have been recalculated to only include adults ages 18 and older on all surveys to enable comparisons.19 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Uses internet Does not use int

80、ernet Nov 2012*85 15 Sep 2012 81 19 Aug 2012 85 15 Apr 2012 82 18 Feb 2012 80 20 Dec 2011*81 19 Aug 2011 78 22 May 2011 78 22 Jan 2011 79 21 Dec 2010 77 23 Nov 2010 74 26 Sep 2010 74 26 May 2010 79 21 Jan 2010 75 25 Dec 2009 74 26 Sep 2009 77 23 Apr 2009 79 21 Dec 2008 74 26 Nov 2008 74 26 Aug 2008

81、75 25 Jul 2008 77 23 May 2008 73 27 Apr 2008 73 27 Jan 2008 70 30 Dec 2007 75 25 Sep 2007 73 27 Feb 2007 71 29 Dec 2006 70 30 Nov 2006 68 32 Aug 2006 70 30 Apr 2006 73 27 Feb 2006 73 27 Dec 2005 66 34 Sep 2005 72 28 Jun 2005 68 32 Feb 2005 67 33 Jan 2005 66 34 Nov 2004 59 41 Nov 2004 61 39 Jul 2004

82、67 33 Jun 2004 63 37 Mar 2004 69 31 Feb 2004 63 37 Nov 2003 64 36 Aug 2003 63 37 Jun 2003 62 38 20 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Uses internet Does not use internet May 2003 63 37 Mar 2003 62 38 Feb 2003 64 36 Dec 2002 57 43 Nov 2002 61 39 Oct 2002 59 41 Sep 2002 61 39 Jul 2002 59 41 Mar/M

83、ay 2002 58 42 Jan 2002 61 39 Dec 2001 58 42 Nov 2001 58 42 Oct 2001 56 44 Sep 2001 55 45 Aug 2001 59 41 Feb 2001 53 47 Dec 2000 59 41 Nov 2000 53 47 Oct 2000 52 48 Sep 2000 50 50 Aug 2000 49 51 Jun 2000 47 53 May 2000 48 52 ASK IF INTERNET USER(EMINUSE=1 OR INTMOB=1)N=5,461:INTFREQ About how often d

84、o you use the internet?3 Almost constantly Several times a day About once a day Several times a week Less often No answer May 19-Sep 5,2023 43 45 6 3 2 1 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON:Almost constantly Several times a day About once a day Several times a week Less often(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Ja

85、n 2021 33 51 6 5 4*Feb 2019 31 49 10 5 4*Jan 2018 30 49 9 7 6*May 2016 25 50 11 7 6*Apr 2016*28 49 10 7 6*Jul 2015 24 49 11 7 8*1 3 The surveys with an asterisk(*)originally included 16-and 17-year-olds in their samples,while all other surveys were exclusively conducted among adults ages 18 and olde

86、r.In some prior Pew Research Center publications,findings from the asterisked surveys included those under 18.In this table,results have been recalculated to only include adults ages 18 and older on all surveys to enable comparisons.21 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org INTFREQ BASED ON ALL ADU

87、LTS:Almost constantly Several times a day About once a day Several times a week Less often No answer to INTFREQ Not an internet user May 19-Sep 5,2023 41 43 5 3 2 1 5 ASK IF INTERNET USER(EMINUSE=1 OR INTMOB=1)N=5,461:HOME4NW2 Do you currently subscribe to internet service installed at your home(oth

88、er than data plans on mobile devices)?Yes No No answer May 19-Sep 5,2023 89 10 1 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON4:Yes No(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Jan 2021 86 14*0 Feb 2019 84 16*0 Jan 2018 80 20*0 Jul 2015 84 16*0 HOME4NW2 BASED ON ALL ADULTS:Yes No No answer to HOME4NW2 Not an internet user May 19-

89、Sep 5,2023 85 10 1 5 ASK IF HOME INTERNET SUBSCRIBER(HOME4NW2=1)N=4,892:BBHOME Is the home internet service you subscribe to Dial-up5 High-speed broadband6 Other service TEXT BOX Not sure No answer May 19-Sep 5,2023 2 94*4 1 4 For surveys conducted 2021 and earlier,the question wording was“Do you cu

90、rrently subscribe to internet service at HOME?”5 The dial-up response option wording was“Dial-up(over a landline phone connection).6 The high-speed home broadband response option wording was“High-speed broadband like cable,fiber optic,wireless router,satellite,or DSL.”22 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewr

91、esearch.org PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON7:Dial-up Higher-speed broadband(VOL.)Both dial-up and higher-speed(VOL).Access net on cell or tablet only(VOL.)No home net access(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Jan 2021 2 91 3 1*4 0 Feb 2019 2 92 3*2*Jan 2018 3 90 2*5*Jul 2015 3 91 1*1 4*SUMMARY OF HOME BROADBA

92、ND BASED ON HOME INTERNET SUBSCRIBERS(HOME4NW2=1)N=4,8928:Home broadband users No home broadband May 19-Sep 5,2023 94 6 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON:Home broadband users No home broadband Jan 2021 94 6 Feb 2019 94 6 Jan 2018 91 9 Jul 2015 92 8 SUMMARY OF HOME BROADBAND BASED ON ALL ADULTS9:Home broadb

93、and users No home broadband May 19-Sep 5,2023 80 20 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON:Home broadband users No home broadband Jan 2021 77 23 Feb 2019 73 27 Jan 2018 65 35 Jul 2015 67 33 ASK IF INTERNET USER(EMINUSE=1 OR INTMOB=1)N=5,461:SMUSE Please indicate whether or not you ever use the following website

94、s or apps.RANDOMIZE AND SPLIT ACROSS TWO SCREENS 10 The company changed its name to X while our May 19-Sept.5,2023,survey was in the field.Yes,use this No,dont use this No answer a.Facebook May 19-Sep 5,2023 71 27 1 b.YouTube May 19-Sep 5,2023 87 12 1 c.Twitter10 May 19-Sep 5,2023 23 74 3 23 PEW RES

95、EARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON11:Yes,use this No,dont use this(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Use Facebook12 Jan 2021 73 27*Feb 2019 75 25 0 0 Jan 2018 76 24*Apr 2016*79 21 0 0 Apr 2015*72 28 0 0 Sep 2014 71 28 0 0 Sep 2013 71 29*0 8 Home broadband users are defined as th

96、ose who said they have high-speed broadband.Those defined as not having home broadband gave any other answer,including not sure or refusing the question.9 Home broadband users are defined as those who said they have high-speed broadband.Those defined as not having home broadband gave any other answe

97、r,including not sure or refusing the question.10 The company changed its name to X while our May 19-Sept.5,2023,survey was in the field.11 Wording in January 2021 was“Please tell me if you ever use any of the following.Do you ever use.INSERT ITEMS;RANDOMIZE ITEMS a-e FIRST AS A BLOCK,THEN RANDOMIZE

98、ITEMS f-k AS A BLOCK?”Wording in February 2019 was“Please tell me if you ever use any of the following social media sites.Do you ever use.INSERT ITEMS;RANDOMIZE?”For January 2018,it was“Please tell me if you ever use any of the following social media sites online or on your cell phone.Do you ever us

99、e.INSERT ITEMS;RANDOMIZE?”May 2013 wording was“Do you ever use the internet to INSERT ITEM;RANDOMIZE?”For August and December 2012,as well as September 2013 through September 2014,the wording was“Please tell me if you ever use the internet to do any of the following things.Do you ever INSERT ITEM;RA

100、NDOMIZE?”For April 2015 through April 2016,the question wording was“Please tell me if you ever use the internet or a mobile app to do any of the following things.Do you ever use the internet or a mobile app to.INSERT ITEM;RANDOMIZE?”The surveys with an asterisk(*)originally included 16-and 17-year-o

101、lds in their samples,while all other surveys were exclusively conducted among adults ages 18 and older.In some prior Pew Research Center publications,findings from the asterisked surveys included those under 18.In this table,results have been recalculated to only include adults ages 18 and older on

102、all surveys to enable comparisons.12 Dec.13-16,2012,trend was asked of all internet users as a standalone question:Do you ever use Facebook?Yes,use this No,dont use this No answer d.Instagram May 19-Sep 5,2023 49 49 2 e.Snapchat May 19-Sep 5,2023 28 69 3 f.WhatsApp May 19-Sep 5,2023 31 67 2 g.Linked

103、In May 19-Sep 5,2023 31 66 3 h.Pinterest May 19-Sep 5,2023 36 61 2 i.TikTok May 19-Sep 5,2023 34 63 2 j.BeReal May 19-Sep 5,2023 4 93 3 k.Reddit May 19-Sep 5,2023 23 74 3 24 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Yes,use this No,dont use this(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Use Facebook(cont.)Dec 201

104、2 67 33*0 Aug 2012 66 34 1 0 Use YouTube Jan 2021 86 14 0*Feb 2019 79 20*0 Jan 2018 81 18*Use Twitter Jan 2021 25 75*Feb 2019 24 76 0 0 Jan 2018 27 73*Apr 2016*24 75 0*Apr 2015*23 77 0 0 Sep 2014 23 77*0 Sep 2013 18 82*0 May 2013 18 82*Dec 2012 16 84*Aug 2012 16 84*0 Use Instagram Jan 2021 43 57*Feb

105、 2019 41 59*0 Jan 2018 39 61*Apr 2016*32 67*Apr 2015*27 72*0 Sep 2014 26 74 0 0 Sep 2013 17 82*0 Dec 2012 13 87*0 Aug 2012 12 88 1 0 Use Snapchat Jan 2021 27 73 0*Feb 2019 26 74*0 Jan 2018 30 70*Use WhatsApp Jan 2021 24 75*Feb 2019 21 78 1 0 Jan 2018 24 75*Use LinkedIn Jan 2021 30 69 1*Feb 2019 29 7

106、1*0 Jan 2018 28 71 1*Apr 2016*29 70 1 0 Apr 2015*26 73 1 0 Sep 2014 28 72*0 Sep 2013 22 77 1*Aug 2012 20 79 1*25 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Yes,use this No,dont use this(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Use Pinterest Jan 2021 33 67*Feb 2019 31 68*Jan 2018 32 67*Apr 2016*31 69*0 Apr 2015*31

107、 68 1*Sep 2014 28 72*0 Sept 2013 21 77 2*Dec 2012 15 83 2 0 Aug 2012 12 87 1*Use TikTok Jan 2021 23 77 0*Use Reddit Jan 2021 19 81*Feb 2019 12 87 1 0 26 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org SMUSE BASED ON ALL ADULTS:Yes,use this No,dont use this No answer Not an internet user a.Facebook May 19-Se

108、p 5,2023 68 26 1 5 b.YouTube May 19-Sep 5,2023 83 12 1 5 c.Twitter May 19-Sep 5,2023 22 70 3 5 d.Instagram May 19-Sep 5,2023 47 46 2 5 e.Snapchat May 19-Sep 5,2023 27 66 2 5 f.WhatsApp May 19-Sep 5,2023 29 64 2 5 g.LinkedIn May 19-Sep 5,2023 30 63 3 5 h.Pinterest May 19-Sep 5,2023 35 58 2 5 i.TikTok

109、 May 19-Sep 5,2023 33 60 2 5 j.BeReal May 19-Sep 5,2023 3 89 3 5 k.Reddit May 19-Sep 5,2023 22 70 3 5 27 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org ASK ALL:DEVICE1a Do you have a cell phone?Yes,have a cell phone No,do not have a cell phone No answer May 19-Sep 5,2023 97 2 1 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON13

110、:Yes No(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Jan 2021 97 3 0 0 Feb 2019 96 4 0 0 Jan 2018 95 5 0 0 Nov 2016 95 5 0 0 May 2016 92 8 0 0 Apr 2016*92 8 0 0 Nov 2015 91 9 0 0 Jul 2015 92 8*Apr 2015*92 8*0 Sep 2013*91 9 0 0 Aug 2013 89 11 0 0 May 2013 91 9 0*Dec 2012 87 13*0 Nov 2012*84 16 0*Sep 2012 85 15*0 Au

111、g 2012 89 10 0*Apr 2012 88 12*Feb 2012 88 12 0*Dec 2011*87 13 0*Aug 2011 84 15*May 2011 83 17*0 Jan 2011 84 16*Dec 2010 81 19*Nov 2010 82 18 0*Sep 2010 85 15*May 2010 82 18*0 Jan 2010 80 20 0*Dec 2009 83 17 0*Sep 2009 84 15*Apr 2009 85 15*Dec 2008 84 16*Jul 2008 82 18*-May 2008 78 22*0 Apr 2008 78 2

112、2*-13 This question was asked of landline sample only.Results shown here have been recalculated to include cell phone sample in the“Yes”percentage.Beginning September 2007,the question/item was not asked of the cell phone sample,but trend results shown here reflect Total combined landline and cell p

113、hone sample.In past polls,the question was sometimes asked as an independent question and sometimes as an item in a series.Wording may vary from survey to survey.Wording variations include:“Do you have a cell phone or a Blackberry or iPhone or other device that is also a cell phone?”;“Do you have.a

114、cell phone or a Blackberry or iPhone or other handheld device that is also a cell phone?”;Do you have a cell phone,or a Blackberry or other device that is also a cell phone?”;“Do you happen to have a cell phone?”;“Do you have a cell phone?”;“Next,do you have a cell phone,or not?”The surveys with an

115、asterisk(*)originally included 16-and 17-year-olds in their samples,while all other surveys were exclusively conducted among adults ages 18 and older.In some prior Pew Research Center publications,findings from the asterisked surveys included those under 18.In this table,results have been recalculat

116、ed to only include adults ages 18 and older on all surveys to enable comparisons.28 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Jan 2008 77 22*-Dec 2007 75 25*-Sep 2007 78 22*-Apr 2006 73 27*-Jan 2005 66 34*-ASK IF CELL PHONE OWNER(DEVICE1a=1)N=5,558:SMART2 Is your cell phone a smartphone?Yes,smartphone

117、 No,not a smartphone No answer May 19-Sep 5,2023 93 7*PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON14:Yes,smartphone No,not a smartphone(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Jan 2021 87 12 1*Feb 2019 84 15 1 0 Jan 2018 82 17 1*Nov 2016 81 16 3*May 2016 76 17 7 0 Apr 2016*78 16 6*Nov 2015 76 17 7*Jul 2015 73 20 7*Apr 2015*73

118、22 5*Sep 2013*60 33 7*Aug 2013 60 33 6*May 2013 55 39 5*Dec 2012 52 41 6*Nov 2012*55 39 6*Sep 2012 53 40 6*Apr 2012 46 44 10*Feb 2012 45 46 8*May 2011 33 53 14*14 The surveys with an asterisk(*)originally included 16-and 17-year-olds in their samples,while all other surveys were exclusively conducte

119、d among adults ages 18 and older.In some prior Pew Research Center publications,findings from the asterisked surveys included those under 18.In this table,results have been recalculated to only include adults ages 18 and older on all surveys to enable comparisons.29 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org SMART2 BASED ON ALL ADULTS:Yes,smartphone No,not a smartphone No answer to SMART2 No cell phone No answer to DEVICE1a May 19-Sep 5,2023 90 7*2 1