1、 Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil March 2025 Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 2 Acknowledgements This report was drafted by TMG,a consulting firm specializing in the information and communication technologies(ICT)sector.For over 30 y

2、ears,TMG has assisted public and private sector entities around the world on ICT policy and regulatory matters.Our team focuses on providing insight and developing strategies to assist clients on technology and market trends,the development mobile services;spectrum policy and management;broadband an

3、d ICT strategies;economic assessments and valuations,among other matters.This report was commissioned by the GSMA,a global organisation unifying the mobile ecosystem to discover,develop and deliver innovation foundational to positive business environments and societal change.GSMAs vision is to unloc

4、k the full power of connectivity so that people,industry,and society thrive.Representing mobile operators and organisations across the mobile ecosystem and adjacent industries,the GSMA delivers for its members across three broad pillars:Connectivity for Good,Industry Services and Solutions,and Outre

5、ach.This activity includes advancing policy,tackling todays biggest societal challenges,underpinning the technology and interoperability that make mobile work,and providing the worlds largest platform to convene the mobile ecosystem at the MWC and M360 series of events.Contents Acknowledgements.2 Ex

6、ecutive summary.5 1.1.Key results at a glance.5 1.2.Current landscape.5 1.3.The 600 MHz band in Brazil.5 1.4.Technical and regulatory framework.7 1.5.Balancing regional needs and stakeholder interests.7 1.6.Framework for auctioning the 600 MHz band.8 1.7.Cost drivers and compensation mechanisms.9 1.

7、8.Recommendations.9 1.Introduction and background.10 1.1.The 600 MHz band is needed to deliver the vision of 5G.10 1.2.International experiences on the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband.11 1.2.1.General overview of the experiences in the reallocation of the 600 MHz band.12 1.2.2.Lessons for Brazil f

8、rom existing international experiences.13 1.3.Opportunities with ongoing TV 3.0 and 5G Broadcast discussions in Brazil.14 1.4.Current context for the reallocation of the 600 MHz band in Brazil.16 2.Spectrum reallocation of the 600 MHz band in Brazil.16 2.1.Spectrum reorganisation process.19 2.1.1.Co

9、verage and interference analysis.19 2.1.2.Category 1 spectrum available.20 2.1.3.Category 2 higher spectrum reorganisation.22 2.1.4.Category 3 high spectrum use.24 2.2.Compatibility measures.26 3.Regulatory aspects for the 600 MHz band in Brazil.28 3.1.Lessons learned from previous assignment proces

10、ses.28 3.2.Proposed framework to reallocate TV broadcasters.30 3.3.Proposed framework for the assignment of the 600 MHz band to mobile.32 3.3.1.Efficient auction design and licences.33 3.3.2.Setting efficient spectrum prices.33 3.3.3.Auction the spectrum based on a phased reallocation process.34 3.4

11、.Expected cost drivers of the reallocation process.34 3.5.Political and financial considerations.35 4.Conclusions.36 Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 5 Executive summary 1.1.1.1.Key Key r results at a esults at a g glancelance Strategic importance of the 600 MHz b

12、and:Crucial for enhancing 5G coverage and bridging the urban-rural digital divide.Low-frequency signals provide better indoor penetration and reduce 5G deployment costs in remote regions.Phased reallocation strategy:o Category 1(5,186 municipalities,of which 950 with 600 MHz already available):Minim

13、al regulatory intervention due to low or no TV usage in the 600 MHz band.o Category 2(298 municipalities):Higher spectrum reorganisation needed,including multiprogramming and channel reassignments within UHF.o Category 3(86 major metropolitan areas):High use requires advanced solutionsmultiprogrammi

14、ng,VHF migration,and strategic channel consolidation.TV 3.0&5G Broadcast opportunities:Transition to TV 3.0 brings enhanced efficiency,but simultaneous reallocation requires coordinated stakeholder engagement.5G Broadcast can be part of TV 3.0,reducing demand on traditional TV channels while improvi

15、ng spectrum use.Robust regulatory framework:A market-driven auction framework for 600 MHz,aligned with cost recovery,to encourage mobile operators and compensate broadcasters.Early and phased licensing to deploy services in cleared regions,with well-defined processes to address interference and chan

16、nel migration.International experience&best practices:Lessons from Canada,Mexico,Saudi Arabia,and the United States underscore the value of stakeholder cooperation,careful planning,and mitigating broadcaster concerns early in the process.1.2.1.2.Current landscapeCurrent landscape Reallocating the 60

17、0 MHz band(614-698 MHz)from TV broadcasting to mobile broadband presents a promising route for Brazil to enhance its digital infrastructure and address growing demands for connectivity.This lower-frequency band is particularly valuable due to its superior signal propagation,which strengthens indoor

18、coverage in urban areas and reduces deployment costs for extending 5G networks into remote regions.Although the 600 MHz band remains allocated to television broadcasting under Brazilian regulations,the International Telecommunication Unions World Radiocommunication Conferences(WRCs)have recognised i

19、t for mobile use in various countries.Several countries,including Canada,Mexico,Saudi Arabia,and the United States,are already well into the reallocation process,offering lessons that underscore the need for technical coordination,thoughtful planning,and stakeholder engagement.1.3.1.3.The 600 MHz Th

20、e 600 MHz b band in Braziland in Brazil In Brazil,TV broadcasting use in the 600 MHz band varies considerably across municipalities.Major urban centres like So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro exhibit high levels of congestion,while many smaller areas have few or no TV stations operating in this frequency r

21、ange.This disparity necessitates an adaptable strategy that addresses each municipalitys unique circumstances.To simplify planning,the report groups Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 6 municipalities into three categories.The first category consists of areas where

22、the 600 MHz band has little to no TV usage,making reallocation straightforward.The second category involves locations with moderate TV congestion,often requiring interventions such as sharing multiple channels within a single 6 MHz slot(multiprogramming).The third category covers large metropolitan

23、areas with heavy spectrum use,necessitating advanced solutions such as VHF migration,consolidation of underused channels,and careful interference management.Category 1 spectrum available:Comprising 2,754 municipalities with no assigned or planned TV channels in the 600 MHz band,out of which 950 of t

24、hese lack any TV signal coverage in urban areas,allowing the 600 MHz band to be immediately allocated for mobile use.Another 2,432 municipalities with up to three active TV stations offer straightforward reallocation opportunities.These regions,mostly smaller towns,face minimal interference challeng

25、es,enabling a smooth transition.Category 2 higher spectrum reorganisation:This category includes 298 mid-sized cities,with more than three licensed TV stations,requiring more extensive spectrum reorganisation.Multiprogramming,channel consolidation,and the reassignment of public broadcasters channels

26、 to lower UHF bands can alleviate congestion.Technical analyses reveal available channels in the lower UHF band,and terrain-specific interference studies would support a detailed allocation plan.Category 3 high spectrum use:Major metropolitan areas,including 86 cities like So Paulo and Rio de Janeir

27、o,face the most complex challenges due to dense spectrum usage.Solutions involve reallocating channels to the VHF band,implementing multiprogramming,and consolidating channels with low utilisation or niche content.Voluntary agreements to switch off underused channels and adjustments for Special Subs

28、cription Television Service(TVA)channels further enhance spectrum efficiency.Figure 1.Map with Brazilian municipalities per category of TV broadcasting occupation of the 600 MHz band Category 1 neighbour coverage Category 1 no coverage Category 1 less than 3 TV stations Category 2 Category 3 Source:

29、TMG.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 7 1.4.1.4.Technical and Technical and r regulatory egulatory frameworkframework Despite the clear benefits of repurposing the 600 MHz band,Brazil needs to address the required actions on the technical and regulatory frameworks.

30、High-density TV broadcasting assignments in urban areas create significant congestion,requiring careful analysis of interference contours and terrain-specific factors.Updating regulations to permit multiprogramming and potential channel reassignmentsboth within lower UHF frequencies and in the VHF b

31、andbecomes essential in congested cities.Another factor to be considered is the shift to TV 3.0,a next-generation digital television standard that promises improved audio-visual quality and interactive services.Broadcasters are concerned that switching to TV 3.0 will bring high transition costs,whil

32、e mobile operators point to the pressing need for 5G coverage.There are also discussions about integrating 5G Broadcast technologies,which might free parts of the band but would require additional regulatory clarity.1.5.1.5.Balancing regional needs and stakeholder interestsBalancing regional needs a

33、nd stakeholder interests A phased reallocation approach offers a practical way of aligning local realities with the overarching goal of nationwide mobile coverage.In municipalities with minimal 600 MHz occupancy,mobile operators can begin rolling out services quickly after a light administrative pro

34、cedure to migrate or consolidate any existing TV channels.Mid-sized cities with moderate congestion may need additional regulatory updatessuch as allowing commercial broadcasters to share channels more liberallyand a thorough analysis to avoid interference.Densely populated metropolitan regions dema

35、nd the most comprehensive solutions,from voluntary channel switch-offs to possible migrations into VHF frequencies.Figure 2.Level of regulatory intervention in the 600 MHz band per city category Source:TMG.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 8 On the political and ad

36、ministrative side,effective collaboration between the Brazilian National Telecommunications Agency(Anatel)and the Ministry of Communications(MCom)is crucial.Ensuring a temporary freeze on new TV licences in the 600 MHz band will help prevent further spectrum saturation and simplify the transition.Eq

37、ually important is a transparent system for compensating broadcasters who must relocate,funded by proceeds from a market-driven spectrum auction that is focused on cost recovery rather than inflated revenue targets.1.6.1.6.Framework for auctionFramework for auctioning the 600 MHz banding the 600 MHz

38、 band Designing an effective auction framework to license the 600 MHz band for mobile services requires balancing multiple aims:1.Equitable cost recovery:Reserve prices should cover broadcasters reallocation expenses while remaining low enough to encourage robust participation by mobile operators.2.

39、Phased licensing:Initiating the auction process before every municipality is cleared can accelerate 5G deployments in areas already free of TV stations,optimising spectrum use.3.Clear cost allocation:Establishing an independent entity or fund to manage broadcaster reimbursement helps preserve transp

40、arency and fairness,minimising disputes among stakeholders.4.Flexible implementation:The auction must allow operators to deploy services in phases,enabling a smooth rollout that progresses at the pace of broadcaster migration.Figure 3.Regulatory process for TV broadcasting clearing and 600 MHz band

41、assignment to mobile Source:TMG.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 9 1.7.1.7.Cost drivers and compensation mechanismsCost drivers and compensation mechanisms Successful reallocation involves carefully planning for costs that vary substantially across regions.In cate

42、gory 1 and 2 cities,these expenses typically involve retuning existing equipment to channels below 600 MHz.Such retuning costs are relatively modest compared to earlier transitions from analogue to digital TV.In high-density urban centres(category 3),however,expenses can escalate quickly,especially

43、if broadcasters must purchase entirely new VHF equipment or reorganise single-frequency networks.A targeted compensation mechanism can ensure that necessary funding is available to broadcasters without imposing excessive financial burdens on operators.1.8.1.8.RecommendationsRecommendations Reallocat

44、ing the 600 MHz band holds significant promise for Brazils connectivity goals,especially in light of surging data demands and the need for equitable digital access.The process is technically complex,though feasible,provided that policymakers adopt a flexible,region-specific approach supported by upd

45、ated regulations.Embracing multiprogramming,exploring VHF reassignments where needed,and curtailing underused or special-interest channels will help release valuable spectrum for mobile services while maintaining robust TV broadcasting.Close collaboration among Anatel,MCom,broadcasters,and mobile op

46、erators is vital.A phased,market-driven auction can promptly free up the 600 MHz band in lower-demand municipalities,expediting the expansion of 5G coverage while offering sufficient time for broadcasters in congested areas to transition.By balancing short-term spectrum relocation needs with long-te

47、rm investments in TV 3.0 and 5G Broadcast,Brazil can lay the groundwork for a more inclusive,technology-forward digital environment that benefits consumers,businesses,and public institutions nationwide.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 10 1.Introduction and backgro

48、und This report presents a comprehensive analysis addressing the reallocation of the 614-698 MHz spectrum range,known as the 600 MHz band,for mobile broadband services in Brazil.As the demand for mobile connectivity continues to grow and the deployment of 5G networks expands,reallocating this spectr

49、um from its current use in television(TV)broadcasting to terrestrial mobile service is crucial to extending broadband coverage,particularly in rural and underserved areas.This report explores the technical and regulatory challenges associated with the reallocation process,providing the necessary fra

50、mework for an effective transition.The findings will guide stakeholders in navigating the complexities of spectrum reallocation while ensuring that both TV broadcasting and mobile services are efficiently supported.1.1.1.1.The 600 MHz band The 600 MHz band is needed is needed to deliver the vision o

51、f 5Gto deliver the vision of 5G By 2030,projections suggest that there will be over 5 billion 5G connections globally.1 To sustain this growth,governments and operators must ensure sufficient spectrum availability,particularly in rural areas and for indoor coverage in urban areas.One key strategy fo

52、r achieving this is repurposing spectrum currently allocated to other services,including TV broadcasting,for mobile broadband services.Figure 4.5G market penetration by region,20222030 Source:GSMA.The 600 MHz band has emerged as a crucial asset for enhancing mobile network capacity and its use for m

53、obile services would significantly improve 5G coverage and speeds.Benefiting critical infrastructure such as roads,ports,and mines,utilising the 600 MHz band for 5G can increase rural and deep-indoor 5G 1 GSMA,Socio-Economic Benefits of 5G The Importance of Low-Band spectrum,March 2023,https:/ of th

54、e 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 11 speeds by 30%to 50%,while reducing the costs of extending 5G coverage to remote areas by a third.2 Furthermore,the 600 MHz band has been standardised by 3GPP into bands n71 and n105.Band n71,already widely supported by over 624 commercial devices

55、,is being deployed globally,while band n105 is under consideration in several Asian countries,offering potential economies of scale due to its compatibility with band n71.3 In Brazil,reallocating the 600 MHz band is crucial for expanding 5G services,particularly in bridging the urban-rural digital d

56、ivide.Currently assigned to TV broadcasting,this spectrum is managed by the Brazilian National Telecommunications Agency Anatel,with varying levels of usage across states.Densely populated regions like So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro face unique challenges due to the high concentration of TV channels,wh

57、ile most of the country faces a lesser use of the band.Recognised internationally for mobile use since the 2015 ITU World Radiocommunication Conference(WRC-15),the 600 MHz bands superior signal propagation makes it a valuable resource for enhancing connectivity.Thus,effective reallocation requires t

58、ailored technical and regulatory strategies to balance regional needs and manage coexistence with TV broadcasting services.The 600 MHz band remains a valuable and cost-effective option for countries aiming to enhance mobile network capacity in indoor urban and rural areas,enabling them to provide im

59、proved services to critical infrastructure and accelerate 5G deployment.1.2.1.2.International International experienceexperiences s on theon the 600 MHz600 MHz band for band for mobile broadbandmobile broadband The ITUs World Radiocommunication Conferences(WRCs)play a pivotal role in global spectrum

60、 management by ensuring equitable access to frequencies,promoting efficient usage,and establishing conditions for coexistence between services.At WRC-15,the 600 MHz band was first identified for International Mobile Telecommunications(IMT)use,marking an important step toward global harmonisation.Mor

61、e recently,at WRC-23,additional countries adopted the band for IMT,with future WRCs expected to see even broader adoption.These decisions enable countries to transition the 600 MHz band from TV broadcasting to mobile broadband in a manner that suits their specific requirements,fostering greater inte

62、rnational alignment.Countries that have identified the band for IMT include Bahrain,Bangladesh,Barbados,Belize,Canada,Colombia,Egypt,El Salvador,Guatemala,Iraq,Jamaica,Jordan,Kuwait,Lao P.D.R.,Maldives,Micronesia,Mexico,New Zealand,Oman,Palestine,Qatar,Saudi Arabia,Solomon Islands,Syrian Arab Republ

63、ic,Tuvalu,the Bahamas,the United Arab Emirates,the United States,and Viet Nam.4 On a national level,countries like Canada,Mexico,Saudi Arabia,and the United States have already reallocated the 600 MHz band from TV broadcasting to mobile broadband,with Colombia and Costa Rica currently in progress.Th

64、ough Mexico and Saudi Arabia have vacated the band,it has yet to be put in use.Decisions to reallocate are often driven by the need for additional spectrum to support broadband services,particularly in rural areas,and to lower deployment costs,which is particularly important for low-and middle-incom

65、e countries.More details on different countries experiences are in Annex 1.2 GSMA,Spectrum Policy Trends 2023,February 2023,https:/ GSA,5G Device Ecosystem,July 2024,https:/ ITU,Radio Regulations,2024 edition,https:/www.itu.int/pub/R-REG-RR-2024.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband

66、in Brazil Page 12 1.2.1.General overview of the experiences in the reallocation of the 600 MHz band To meet the growing demand for mobile broadband in frequency bands below 1 GHz,some countries have focused on reallocating the 600 MHz band from TV broadcasting to mobile services.This process require

67、s thorough technical and regulatory analysis to ensure the band can be efficiently transitioned for mobile broadband use.Figure 5 outlines the key steps in this reallocation process.Figure 5.Reallocation process of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband Source:TMG.Each country takes a unique approach

68、 to reallocating the 600 MHz band,but the process generally includes technical assessments,regulatory and licensing reviews,and the development of a transition plan.In the United States,a spectrum incentive auction enabled licensees to voluntarily relinquish spectrum in exchange for a share of the a

69、uction proceeds.Conversely,in Saudi Arabia,where the 600 MHz band was sparsely used,the reallocation was achieved through a decision by the Communications,Space,and Technology Commission in collaboration with the broadcasting regulator,without the need for an incentive auction.Table 1 outlines key e

70、lements of these processes.Table 1.Key elements of the reallocation process of the 600 MHz band in Canada,Mexico,Saudi Arabia,and the United States Canada Mexico Saudi Arabia United States Leading government entity ISED IFT CST FCC Overall IMT spectrum targets 750 MHz of spectrum to commercial mobil

71、e services by the end of 2017 70 MHz of spectrum in the 600 MHz band for 5G mobile broadband Improve access to more than 23 GHz of spectrum for a wide range of uses Repurpose licensed spectrum in the 600 MHz band to commercial wireless operations Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband

72、 in Brazil Page 13 Reallocation timeline 2014-2019 2015-2018 2020-2023 2016-2017 Band users before reallocation TV broadcasting,remote rural broadband systems(RRBS),low-power apparatus,television white space(TVWS)devices and wireless medical telemetry systems(WMTS),and radio astronomy service(RAS)TV

73、 broadcasting TV broadcasting.Limited usage:only 1%of all households viewed terrestrial broadcast signals(2021).TV broadcasting Amount of spectrum in 600 MHz for IMT 70 MHz 70 MHz 70 MHz 70 MHz Source:TMG.1.2.2.Lessons for Brazil from existing international experiences International experience sugge

74、sts that the success of the 600 MHz reallocation process depends on factors such as stakeholder collaboration,robust technical analysis,and effective interference management between mobile services and existing TV broadcasting.Countries with lower levels of 600 MHz band usage and strong cooperation

75、among stakeholders encountered fewer challenges,while those with more complex spectrum use faced delays due to technical and regulatory hurdles.Figure 6.Key lessons learned from other countries on the 600 MHz reallocation process Canada Coordination with neighbouring countries:Synchronised efforts w

76、ith the United States reduced complexity and ensured sufficient spectrum in lower frequencies for both nations.Effective management of relationships with broadcasters:The government established constructive engagement with TV broadcasters to facilitate the transition.Spectrum availability for broadc

77、asters:Canada ensured sufficient spectrum for existing over-the-air TV stations through coordination with the United States,allocation of guard bands,and guarantees for channels in the new allotment plan.Mexico Regulatory foresight and proactive planning:The regulator recognised the 600 MHz band for

78、 IMT use early and implemented forward-looking strategies to facilitate its reallocation.Streamlined reallocation process:The suspension of new licences for TV broadcasting services in the band accelerated the transition,enabling a faster and more efficient reallocation.Addressing demand challenges:

79、Despite proactive measures,limited demand for the band highlighted the importance of aligning spectrum reallocation with market readiness.Saudi Arabia Minimal existing use of the 600 MHz band:The reallocation process was facilitated by the low utilisation of the band,with regulators proactively enco

80、uraging reduced future use.Cross-sector regulatory coordination:Effective collaboration between broadcasting and telecommunications regulators ensured synchronised efforts,streamlining the reallocation process.Addressing political resistance from TV broadcasters:Resistance was effectively managed th

81、rough regulatory mechanisms,such as a spectrum incentive auction,enabling a smoother transition.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 14 United States Evaluating process complexity and costs:The auction process,while successful,proved administratively complex and costl

82、y,highlighting the importance of assessing these factors when selecting reallocation mechanisms.Source:TMG.Successful reallocation processes are characterised by clear,coordinated efforts to address technical complexities,including interference mitigation and accommodating new technologies.Ensuring

83、collaboration between broadcasters,regulators,and mobile operators is essential,as is aligning plans with neighbouring countries,particularly in border regions where spectrum use may overlap.For Brazil,lessons from these international experiences underline the importance of stakeholder coordination,

84、technical planning,and regulatory adjustments,as shown in Figure 6.Anatels leadership will be crucial to streamlining the process,including working with the Ministry of Communications(MCom)in suspending new licences for TV broadcasting services in the band to facilitate a smoother transition,as it w

85、as the case with Mexico.1.3.1.3.Opportunities Opportunities with ongoingwith ongoing TV 3.0 and 5G Broadcast TV 3.0 and 5G Broadcast discussions in Brazildiscussions in Brazil The development of TV 3.0 standards is expected to improve TV broadcasting in Brazil,offering advancements over the current

86、standard for digital television(ISDB-Tb).This new technology promises enhanced interactivity,accessibility,and personalisation,driven by artificial intelligence(AI),along with Ultra-High Definition(UHD)resolution and immersive audio.5 Furthermore,the introduction of TV 3.0 provides an opportunity to

87、 reassess spectrum usage by TV broadcasting,potentially opening the door for more efficient use of the UHF band.6 Figure 7.TV broadcasting evolution in Brazil Source:SBTVD.5 SBTVD Forum,TV 3.0 Project,September 2024,https:/forumsbtvd.org.br/tv3_0/.6 Based on information provided by representatives f

88、rom Anatel on September 26,2024.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 15 In 2023,the government established a framework for the evolution of the Brazilian Digital Terrestrial Television System(SBTVD),aiming to ensure spectrum availability for TV 3.0.It assigned respons

89、ibilities for different stakeholders in the ecosystem including Anatel,MCom,and the SBTVD Forum.7 Following this directive,the SBTVD Forum recommended ATSC 3.0 as the transmission technology for TV 3.0 in Brazil.8 5G Broadcast plays a significant role in the TV 3.0 discussions,offering an alternativ

90、e or complementary method for delivering TV content directly to mobile devices.Current considerations include integrating 5G Broadcast into broadcasters existing channels or consolidating content from multiple broadcasters into a single channel,potentially utilising blocks within the guard band of t

91、he 600 MHz spectrum.This approach could reduce broadcasters dependence on traditional spectrum allocations,enabling more efficient use of the band and freeing portions for mobile broadband services.While timelines for 5G Broadcast remain uncertain in Brazil,MCom has recently confirmed progress in th

92、e TV 3.0 process for fixed reception,with pilot tests scheduled in So Paulo and Braslia for 2025 and 2026,respectively,and an official launch anticipated by 2026.9 At the end of 2024,MCom announced a draft decree outlining key decisions,including the adoption of the ATSC 3.0 transmission standard,as

93、 recommended by the SBTVD Forum based on extensive field tests.10 The decree also reserves the 300 MHz band to support TV 3.0 channel demands,signalling a shift in spectrum allocation policies.In line with this policy,in January 2025 Anatel amended the national frequency allocation table to include

94、allocations to the broadcasting service in parts of the 300 MHz as a further step to implement TV 3.0 in Brazil.11 Currently occupied by private services and the Armed Forces,the 300 MHz band will undergo channelisation under the oversight of Anatel to ensure seamless integration with the new standa

95、rd.However,decisions on reallocating the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband remain pending.TV broadcasters have expressed concerns about the transition to TV 3.0,particularly regarding the feasibility of commercial deployment by 2026 and the likelihood that full implementation,including receiver requ

96、irements,will not occur before 2027.They highlight the financial challenges of transitioning to TV 3.0,clearing the 600 MHz band,and reserving spectrum for 5G Broadcast.12 Organisations such as the Brazilian Association of TV and Radio Broadcasters(ABERT)advocate for protecting the 600 MHz band to s

97、upport TV 3.0,citing opportunities like personalised advertising through its new model,while emphasising the high costs and tight timelines.Mobile operators,on the other hand,stress the need for 7 Presidential Decree 11484,April 6,2023,https:/www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2023/decreto/

98、D11484.htm.8 MCom,Tecnologia de transmisso do sistema ATSC 3.0 ser recomendada para a TV 3.0 no Brasil,July 2024,https:/www.gov.br/mcom/pt-br/noticias/2024/julho/tecnologia-de-transmissao-do-sistema-atsc-3-0-sera-recomendada-para-a-tv-3-0-no-brasil.9 Tele sntese,TV 3.0:MCom confirma padro norte-amer

99、icano e faixa de 300 MHz,December 2024,https:/.br/tv-3-0-mcom-confirma-padrao-norte-americano-e-faixa-de-300-mhz/.10 MCom,Ministrio das Comunicaes finaliza minuta do decreto da TV 3.0 e encaminha para Casa Civil,December 2024,https:/www.gov.br/mcom/pt-br/noticias/2024/dezembro/ministerio-das-comunic

100、acoes-finaliza-minuta-do-decreto-da-tv-3-0-e-encaminha-para-casa-civil.11 Anatel,Resoluo 772/2025,Aprova o Plano de Atribuio,Destinao e Distribuio de Faixas de Frequncias no Brasil-PDFF,promovendo as atribuies,destinaes e condies especficas de uso de faixas de frequncias nele dispostas,January 2025,

101、https:/informacoes.Anatel.gov.br/legislacao/resolucoes/2025/2001-resolucao-772.12 Based on information provided by representatives from the broadcasters on September 25,2024.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 16 clarity on TV 3.0 standards and their implications for

102、 mobile services.They call for a defined timeline and transparent policies for reallocating the 600 MHz band,warning that uncertainty could delay investments and slow the expansion of mobile broadband services.13 These issues underscore the need for careful coordination to balance the interests of b

103、roadcasters and mobile operators.Despite progress,challenges remain,particularly regarding regulatory alignment,funding for converters to assist low-income families in transitioning to TV 3.0 and defining clear policies for 600 MHz reallocation.By integrating 5G Broadcast into TV 3.0,Brazil could mo

104、dernise broadcasting while optimising spectrum usage.This dual approach would enable TV broadcasters to release portions of the spectrum,facilitating its reallocation for mobile broadband and expanding network infrastructure in underserved regions.The confirmed steps and pilots represent significant

105、 progress,but successful implementation will require continued coordination among stakeholders,clarity on spectrum policies,and financial support mechanisms to ensure a smooth transition to TV 3.0 and optimal use of the 600 MHz band.Special attention needs to be taken as MCom has and continues to li

106、cense several TV channels to address previously unmet demand without any coordination with the 600 MHz band process.1.4.1.4.CurrentCurrent context for context for the reallocathe reallocation oftion of the 600 MHz the 600 MHz band band in Brazilin Brazil The reallocation of the 600 MHz band in Brazi

107、l occurs within a favourable political alignment and offers a timely opportunity to enhance mobile broadband connectivity while aligning with public policies promoting digital inclusion and technological advancement.This spectrum is crucial for expanding 5G networks,particularly to improve rural cov

108、erage and indoor penetration in urban areas.The ongoing discussions on TV 3.0 present a unique chance to synchronise spectrum reorganisation with broadcasting advancements,ensuring more efficient use of the band.However,managing interference between mobile services and existing TV broadcasting,along

109、 with integrating new technologies such as TV 3.0 and 5G Broadcast,need to be managed properly.A successful reallocation process will require a robust regulatory framework that facilitates the migration of TV broadcasters to alternative spectrum resources while efficiently assigning the 600 MHz band

110、 for mobile services.This includes updating regulations to enable multiprogramming,evaluating available spectrum in UHF and VHF bands,and designing a market-driven auction process.Balancing the interests of broadcasters and mobile operators,addressing public perception,and ensuring stakeholder colla

111、boration are essential.Aligning these efforts with broader public policies and the ongoing TV 3.0 transition will create a coordinated and effective approach to spectrum management,benefiting all stakeholders.This report explores these critical aspects,including the technical procedures necessary fo

112、r cleaning the band,strategies for aligning with public policies,and the adoption of best practices in auction rules and requirements to maximise the benefits of reallocation for mobile services.2.Spectrum reallocation of the 600 MHz band in Brazil A critical step in reallocating the 600 MHz band fo

113、r mobile broadband services in Brazil is evaluating the technical feasibility of reorganising existing TV broadcasting channels to free up the necessary spectrum.This requires the administration to analyse both current and future spectrum needs for TV broadcasting and mobile services.Understanding h

114、ow TV broadcasting channels overlap with mobile broadband uplink 13 Based on information provided by representatives from a mobile operator on October 7,2024.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 17 and downlink frequencies is key to determining where reallocation can

115、occur without significant disruption.Figure 8 illustrates which TV broadcasting channels overlap with the mobile service uplink and downlink in the 600 MHz band.The reallocation process should thus focus on TV broadcasting channels 38 to 51.Channel 45 falls completely within the mobile services dupl

116、ex gap which may be useful in the future for consideration of exclusive channels for mobile reception of TV broadcasting using 5G Broadcast technologies.Figure 8.Identification of the affected TV broadcasting channels and mobile service duplexes in the 600 MHz band Source:TMG.The technical analysis

117、focuses on key areas essential for the smooth reallocation of the 600 MHz band,as summarised in Figure 9.This includes interference analysis to prevent conflicts between mobile services and TV broadcasting,technology evaluation of future systems like TV 3.0 and 5G Broadcast,and compatibility measure

118、s to ensure both services can operate without interference.Additionally,spectrum reorganisation assesses how current TV channels can be efficiently reallocated to support mobile services.Figure 9.Steps of the technical analysis for the reallocation of the 600 MHz band Source:TMG.Reallocation of the

119、600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 18 In Brazil,TV broadcasting in channels 38 to 51 has various occupation levels depending on the location.According to Anatels database,there are a total of 28,258 TV channels in the country,of which 6,129 channels,or 22%of the total,have not yet been

120、 assigned.14 As such,this analysis explores different reallocation scenarios,considering the variation in channel assignments across Brazilian cities,and proposes tailored solutions to ensure an effective transition of the 600 MHz band from TV broadcasting to mobile broadband services.As shown in Fi

121、gure 10,the distribution of TV channels in Brazil is heavily concentrated in more populous states like Minas Gerais,Rio de Janeiro,and So Paulo.The urban areas in these states face greater spectrum congestion due to the high number of licensed TV broadcasters,particularly in the lower part of the 60

122、0 MHz band.In contrast,many smaller or less populated municipalities have fewer TV channels assigned,allowing for more spectrum availability.This uneven distribution underscores the importance of adopting a flexible approach to spectrum reorganisation,ensuring regions with dense assignments are mana

123、ged with detailed technical solutions,while less congested areas can more readily transition to support mobile broadband expansion.Figure 10.Distribution of the total TV broadcasting planned and assigned channels per Brazilian state Source:Anatel.Brazils reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile b

124、roadband services requires tailored approaches to address the diverse spectrum utilisation levels across its municipalities,as detailed in the following sections.This approach allows the regulator to adjust the reallocation plan to the specific needs of different areas,incorporating flexibility in t

125、erms of timelines,technical parameters,and reallocation strategies.For this analysis,cities are proposed to be categorised into three groups based on complexity and spectrum reorganisation needs:14 Anatel,Painis de Dados Outorga e Licenciamento Estaes de TV,FM e OM,October 25,2024,https:/informacoes

126、.anatel.gov.br/paineis/radiodifusao.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 19 Category 1 spectrum available:Comprising 2,754 municipalities with no assigned or planned TV channels in the 600 MHz band,out of which 950 of these lack any TV signal coverage in urban areas,a

127、llowing the 600 MHz band to be immediately allocated for mobile use.Another 2,432 municipalities with up to three active TV stations offer straightforward reallocation opportunities.These regions,mostly smaller towns,face minimal interference challenges,enabling a smooth transition.Category 2 higher

128、 spectrum reorganisation:This category includes 298 mid-sized cities,with more than three licensed TV stations,requiring more extensive spectrum reorganisation.Multiprogramming,channel consolidation,and the reassignment of public broadcasters channels to lower UHF bands can alleviate congestion.Tech

129、nical analyses reveal available channels in the lower UHF band,and terrain-specific interference studies would support a detailed allocation plan.Category 3 high spectrum use:Major metropolitan areas,including 86 cities like So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro,face the most complex challenges due to dense s

130、pectrum usage.Solutions involve reallocating channels to the VHF band,implementing multiprogramming,and consolidating channels with low utilisation or niche content.Voluntary agreements to switch off underused channels and adjustments for Special Subscription Television Service(TVA)channels can furt

131、her enhance spectrum efficiency.Together,these measures could reduce active broadcasting channels in urban areas,freeing up critical spectrum for mobile broadband while maintaining robust broadcasting services.By categorising cities according to these parameters,the reallocation process can be manag

132、ed more efficiently,ensuring a smooth transition from TV broadcasting to mobile broadband services across Brazil.The full list of municipalities per each category is in Annex 3.2.1.2.1.Spectrum reorganisation process Spectrum reorganisation process 2.1.1.Coverage and interference analysis As Brazil

133、proceeds with the reallocation of the 600 MHz band,a thorough analysis of potential interference between mobile services and existing TV broadcasting stations is a crucial first step.In some cases,geographic and technical factors enable the coexistence of both services without significant disruption

134、,such as when the interference areas of TV stations and mobile base stations do not overlap.However,when conflicts do arise,targeted mitigation strategies are necessary to maintain the operation of both services prior completing the reallocation of TV channels.The simulation depicted in Figure 11 hi

135、ghlights the coverage areas of TV channels 38 to 51,providing a clear view of regions in Brazil where the 600 MHz band may already be available for mobile services and others where TV channel reallocation will be necessary.The areas in red represent TV broadcasting coverage achieving a minimum field

136、 strength of 51 dB(V/m),which is generally suitable for outdoor Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 20 antenna reception in alignment with the requirements in Brazil.15 The figure includes all TV stations,and their respective technical characteristics,as listed in An

137、atels database and takes account of terrain,using the same analytical tools employed by the regulator when assessing requests for new TV channels.16 This ensures an accurate depiction of current coverage and helps identify regions for spectrum reallocation.Where coexistence is not feasible,a stagger

138、ed approach to implementation is recommended.This would involve deploying mobile services in phases,aligned with the phased clearance of TV broadcasting stations from the 600 MHz band in different regions.Such a strategy allows for the progressive rollout of mobile networks while ensuring that TV br

139、oadcasting services are not unduly disrupted.By adopting these measures,Brazil can ensure a smooth and balanced reallocation process,minimising interference and addressing the needs of both TV broadcasters and mobile operators.Figure 11.Coverage areas of TV Stations operating on channels 38 to 51 in

140、 Brazil Source:TMG based on Anatel database.17 2.1.2.Category 1 spectrum available Table 2.Types of municipalities in category 1 by existing TV broadcasting use of the 600 MHz Number of municipalities 15 Anatel,Ato 9751,Requisitos Tcnicos de Condies de Uso de Radiofrequncias para os Servios de Radio

141、difuso de Sons e Imagens e de Retransmisso de Televiso,July 6,2022,Annex Table 1,https:/informacoes.ANATEL.gov.br/legislacao/atos-de-requisitos-tecnicos-de-gestao-do-espectro/2022/1688-ato-9751.16 Spectrum-E,Technical Analysis Module,https:/public.spectrum.center/se/public/technical-analysis.17 Anat

142、el,Planos Bsicos de Distribuio de Canais,August 2024,https:/www.gov.br/ANATEL/pt-br/regulado/radiodifusao/planos-basicos-de-distribuicao-de-canais.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 21 Category 1 municipalities 5186 Up to 3 TV stations 2,432 No TV station 2,754(950

143、no coverage)Source:TMG.Brazil has a total of 5,570 municipalities,18 with 7,697 TV broadcasting stations either authorised or planned in channels 38 to 51.19 Out of this total,an analysis of Anatels database indicates that there are 2,816 municipalities where there is at least one TV station in the

144、600 MHz band.The remaining 2,754 municipalities do not have assigned or planned TV stations in the band.20 Furthermore,from these 2,754 municipalities there are 950 municipalities representing 17%of the total which are not fully covered by any existing TV broadcasting stations in this frequency rang

145、e.In these cities,urban areas do not receive signals from any neighbouring TV stations,as shown in Figure 11.In such locations,the 600 MHz band can be immediately used for mobile services without the need for reallocation of existing TV channels.However,these are generally smaller markets that may n

146、ot create sufficient economic incentives for mobile and TV broadcasters to invest in service deployment,potentially affecting the business case for new coverage in these regions.Separate consideration should be given to the other 1,804 cities without a TV station that do receive signals from neighbo

147、uring locations.Additionally,there are 2,432 municipalities with a maximum of three TV broadcasting stations licensed to operate out of the 14 possible channels available between 38 and 51.In these cases,spectrum reallocation is expected to be relatively straightforward due to the limited number of

148、active broadcasters.This simplifies the process of conducting spectrum studies and minimises the complexity of interference management.Consequently,these areas present significant potential for early reallocation,offering a smoother transition to mobile services with minimal technical challenges.Tab

149、le 2 summarises the types of municipalities in category 1.One example of a municipality with only a few licensed TV broadcasting stations is gua Boa,in the state of Mato Grosso,where channel 39 is planned,and channels 40 and 49 are already licensed.Technical studies undertaken for this report,which

150、evaluated interference contours and service areas of existing TV stations,identified several additional channels available below the 600 MHz band(including channels 15,17,19,23,24,25,26,27,29,30,31,33,34,and 36).Another example of municipality with tree licensed TV stations in the band is Baturit,in

151、 the state of Cear,where channels 10,27,36 would be available for a reallocation process.These additional channels provide viable options for migrating TV stations currently using the 600 MHz band to lower UHF channels,ensuring minimal disruption to broadcasting services during the reallocation proc

152、ess.18 IBGE,Diviso Territorial Brasileira,2022,https:/www.ibge.gov.br/geociencias/organizacao-do-territorio/estrutura-territorial/23701-divisao-territorial-brasileira.html?=&t=downloads.19 Anatel,Painis de Dados Outorga e Licenciamento Estaes de TV,FM e OM,October,25 2024,https:/informacoes.ANATEL.g

153、ov.br/paineis/outorga-e-licenciamento/estacoes-de-tv-fm-e-om.20 Anatel,Planos Bsicos de Distribuio de Canais,August 2024,https:/www.gov.br/ANATEL/pt-br/regulado/radiodifusao/planos-basicos-de-distribuicao-de-canais.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 22 2.1.2.1.Ongoi

154、ng digitalization efforts The introduction of new TV broadcasting channels under the Digitaliza Brasil project further complicates the reallocation process for cities under this category.This MCom programme aims to complete the digitalisation of TV broadcasting services in over 1,650 municipalities

155、that still rely solely on analogue signals.It also includes the installation of digital retransmission equipment and the distribution of TV converters to low-income families.21 It is important that the initiatives of this program be coordinated with the public policies related to the 600 MHz band,as

156、 the new licences being issued for TV broadcasting may affect the reallocation process for category 1 municipalities.Based on the analysis above,for most of the municipalities in this category the availability of alternative frequencies allows for a relatively straightforward transition,enabling the

157、 reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile services without significantly affecting TV broadcasting stations.These alternative frequencies,primarily in the lower UHF,ensure that existing TV services can continue uninterrupted while freeing up valuable spectrum for mobile broadband expansion.2.1.3.

158、Category 2 higher spectrum reorganisation Table 3.Types of municipalities in category 2 by existing TV broadcasting use of the 600 MHz Number of municipalities Mid-sized municipalities with more than 3 TV stations 298 Source:TMG.This second category includes mid-sized municipalities and some state c

159、apitals with more than three licensed TV broadcasting stations in the 600 MHz band,leading to greater difficulty in reallocation.There are a total of 298 cities in this category.Additionally,many of these municipalities have channels operated by government entities such as the Brazilian Communicatio

160、n Company(EBC),House of Representatives(TV Cmara),and the Federal Senate(TV Senado),potentially adding further complexity the process of spectrum reallocation.2.1.3.1.Implementing multiprogramming to reduce spectrum congestion The spectrum reallocation in these cities requires more detailed analysis

161、,and in some cases,there may not be an option to leverage channels below 600 MHz to migrate existing TV broadcasting stations.This requires consideration of other options,including grouping channels into multiprogramming arrangements,to maximise spectrum efficiency.Multiprogramming allows for the br

162、oadcasting of multiple TV contents on a single 6 MHz channel,reducing the number of separate channels required.Various approaches could be considered to identify channels for multiprogramming.For example,channels with similar thematic content,such as those focusing on specific religious programming

163、or government programming,could be grouped together,ensuring separation where necessary to reflect distinct audience segments.Additionally,TV programming belonging to the same media group could be consolidated on a single channel to optimise spectrum use.In some cases,exclusive channels could be mai

164、ntained for broadcasters with larger audiences or unique programming requirements,ensuring that 21 MCom,Programa Digitaliza Brasil,October 2024,https:/www.gov.br/mcom/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/acoes-e-programas/programas-projetos-acoes-obras-e-atividades/digitaliza-brasil-1.Reallocation of the 600 M

165、Hz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 23 their content remains available while maximising the efficiency of the spectrum.These solutions aim to ensure spectrum efficiency while maintaining content diversity.2.1.3.2.Technical assessment of selected category 2 cities A spectrum analysis tool was

166、 employed to assess the interference contours and service areas of the existing TV stations in this category of cities.The findings show that some TV channels can be used for reallocation in select cities as described in Table 4.Table 4.Examples of TV channels available below 600 MHz to support the

167、reallocation process in selected category 2 cities State City Channel Class Channels available below 600 MHz Acre Rio Branco Class A 7,8,9,10,20,29,31 Amap Macap Class A 8,9,10,11,12,14,15,21,22,23,24,25,26,30,31,33 Amazonas Manaus Class A 8,10,13,23 Bahia Lus Eduardo Magalhes Class B 8,9,14,17,22,2

168、7,28,32,34,35 Gois Rio Verde Class C 15,21 Mato Grosso Cuiab Class A 14,17,19,22,25,29,33 Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Class A 11,12,23,26,29,36 Minas Gerais Uberlndia Class B 10,11,15,16,18 Par Belm Class A 7,13,14,17,29 Paran Umuarama Class B 8,12,13,27,32 Pernambuco Petrolina Class B 7,8,10,11

169、,12,13,32,34,36 Piau Teresina Class A 10,15,25,30 Rio Grande do Norte Mossor Class B 9,11,13,15,28,30,36 Rondnia Porto Velho Class A 8,9,10,11,12,13,18,19,24,25,27,29,33 Roraima Boa Vista Class A 10,11,12,13,14,18,20,21,27,28,31,32,33 Tocantins Palmas Class A 19,31,33 Source:TMG.The reallocation pro

170、cess for cities in this category must address several TV channels assigned to government entities and ensure a detailed review of all licensed channels in conjunction with multiprogramming.This approach is necessary to free up the 600 MHz band for mobile services while maintaining the integrity of T

171、V broadcasting operations in these mid-sized cities.In addition,a more detailed point-to-point analysis of interference and coverage that takes terrain into account is necessary for municipalities where high-power TV stations have interference zones extending over 200 km.This significantly complicat

172、es the process of identifying additional available channels and must be factored into any future channel reallocation efforts.For instance,in the city of Petrolina,located in the state of Pernambuco,initial assessments indicated that channel 15 could not be utilised due to an existing station in the

173、 nearby city of Cura,in the state of Bahia.However,a more granular analysis considering the terrain between the two cities using the same tool as Anatel did not determine actual interference in Curas urban area from the TV station in Petrolina,as illustrated in Figure 12.This demonstrates the import

174、ance of detailed terrain-based evaluations in determining channel viability and avoiding unnecessary limitations on channel reallocation for a future reallocation process of the 600 MHz band in Brazil.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 24 Figure 12.Contours of TV st

175、ations on Channel 15,including Petrolinas interference area into Cura,service area,and urban area Source:TMG based on Anatel database.2.1.4.Category 3 high spectrum use Table 5.Types of municipalities in category 3 by existing TV broadcasting use of the 600 MHz Number of municipalities Major metropo

176、litan areas 86 Source:TMG.This category includes major metropolitan areas,primarily state capitals,characterised by higher spectrum usage and requiring more comprehensive measures for the reallocation of the 600 MHz band.These cities,with numerous licensed TV broadcasting stations,present significan

177、t challenges due to high spectrum congestion and complex interference scenarios.A total of 86 cities falls within this category,necessitating advanced technical solutions and detailed analysis to facilitate an efficient transition of the 600 MHz band to mobile broadband services while maintaining br

178、oadcast continuity.2.1.4.1.Reallocation of channels to the VHF band Given the dense spectrum usage in these areas,a key element of the reallocation process will involve the reassigning from TV channels from the 600 MHz band to the VHF band.Although VHF channels are less commonly used in these cities

179、,there remains significant potential for reallocation,as seen in the So Paulo area,where only channels 8,10,and 12 are used for TV stations in Barueri,So Caetano,and Guarulhos,respectively.The seven remaining VHF channels in this band could be used in the reallocation process but would require regul

180、atory changes,as per the current MCom directive they are reserved only for government TV broadcasters.22 This presents an opportunity to explore more flexible and innovative solutions for spectrum management in Brazil.22 Portaria de Consolidao GM/MCom n 1,Consolidao de normas ministeriais de radiodi

181、fuso,June 1,2023,Art.411,https:/www.in.gov.br/en/web/dou/-/portaria-de-consolidacao-gm/mcom-n-1-de-1-de-junho-de-2023-*-487937728.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 25 2.1.4.2.Using multiprogramming to address congestion In addition to reallocating channels to VHF,t

182、he use of multiprogramming is a critical strategy for optimising spectrum use.Similarly to the use of VHF,the flexible use of multiprogramming would require regulatory updates as discussed in section 2.1.3.1.Multiprogramming would be implemented following similar rules as those discussed for categor

183、y 2 cities to ensure both spectrum efficiency and content diversity.2.1.4.3.Voluntary switch off channels Another possible solution could be switching off certain channels with low utilisation or those operated by niche broadcasters.In the case of So Paulo,for example,channels with limited audience

184、reach,or specialised content,could be voluntarily reassigned or consolidated.For instance,one example involves a broadcaster currently operating on channel 14 in So Caetano,part of the metropolitan area of So Paulo,as well as on channel 44,in the central area of So Paulo(Paulista Avenue).If one of t

185、hese two channels are switched off,the remaining one could be moved to channel 13 in the VHF band,freeing up the 600 MHz band while still maintaining the broadcasters service.This approach,done on a voluntary basis,would not only optimise spectrum use but also facilitate the broader reallocation str

186、ategy,addressing potentially underused channels without disrupting essential services.2.1.4.4.Addressing Special Subscription Television Service(TVA)The Special Subscription Television Service(TVA)was originally intended to provide subscription-based pay TV but never achieved widespread success.Inst

187、ead,many TVA channels have been repurposed as de facto free-to-air broadcasters,particularly in state capitals,leading to regulatory challenges.These channels now function similarly to traditional broadcasting services without adhering to their original licensing purpose.The reallocation of the 600

188、MHz band offers an opportunity to address this issue.Reassessing the TVA channels,by either integrating them into the standard broadcasting framework or reallocating them,would free up additional spectrum in major cities.While this would require regulatory updates,it could greatly streamline the spe

189、ctrum reallocation process and ensure more efficient use of resources.Case study:So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro In both So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro,reassigning the 600 MHz band involves a multifaceted set of strategies designed to ease spectrum congestion in densely populated environments while allowin

190、g for mobile broadband expansion.In Rio de Janeiro,the citys mountainous terrain has led certain broadcasters to operate multiple 6 MHz channelsoften in single frequency network(SFN)configurationsto reach all corners of the city.Through consolidation or multiprogramming(two programmes in one 6 MHz c

191、hannel),broadcasters can maintain sufficient coverage without occupying as many discrete channels.Such actions free valuable portions of the 600 MHz band,which can then be repurposed for advanced mobile services,particularly 5G.So Paulo faces comparable challenges but offers unique opportunities for

192、 reallocating channels to the VHF band,where fewer stations are currently active.Outside of channels 8,10,and 12(assigned to Barueri,So Caetano,and Guarulhos),seven VHF channels remain unused as they are currently reserved solely for public stations.Allowing commercial broadcasters to move into thos

193、e underused VHF slots could substantially reduce 600 MHz congestion.At the same time,multiprogramming provides an option to share channels among different services,ensuring diverse content remains available while minimising the total number of 6 MHz assignments.This arrangement is particularly Reall

194、ocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 26 effective for thematically related or co-owned broadcasters,and can be fine-tuned to preserve popular,large-audience programmes on standalone channels.A further step involves identifying low-audience or niche channels that can be vol

195、untarily switched off,consolidated,or migrated to VHF.In So Paulo,for example,a broadcaster currently operating on channel 14 in So Caetano and channel 44 near Paulista Avenue in central So Paulo could move both programmes to channel 13 in the VHF band.Not only would this merge underutilised frequen

196、cies,but it would also pave the way for redeploying 600 MHz channels for mobile use.When pursued togetherreassignment to VHF,multiprogramming,and strategic channel consolidationthese measures have the potential to cut the total number of active broadcasting channels by up to 3040%in urban areas with

197、 high demand.While such reorganisation demands regulatory updates,extensive interference analysis,and cooperation among broadcasters,regulators,and mobile operators,it offers a practical blueprint for achieving a more balanced and future-proof spectrum environment in Brazils most populous cities.The

198、se targeted modifications would effectively release the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband expansion while preserving robust broadcast coverage,as shown in the example in Figure 13.Figure 13.Examples of possible reallocation of TV channels in So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro metropolitan areas Source:TMG.

199、2.2.2.2.Compatibility measures Compatibility measures Establishing a set of clear technical conditions is essential to ensure coexistence of mobile and TV broadcasting services during a phased transition of the 600 MHz band in Brazil.This phased process will gradually allow the use of the 600 MHz ba

200、nd for mobile service by region,as TV broadcasting channels Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 27 are progressively reassigned.As certain regions complete the reallocation of TV channels,mobile services can begin operating in those areas while the process continues

201、in others.One key mitigation measure in this phased approach involves defining separation distances,which establish minimum distances between mobile and TV broadcasting stations to prevent signal interference.For mobile base stations,protective actions such as adjusting antenna direction,implementin

202、g shielding,and applying filters can effectively minimise interference with nearby TV stations.Similarly,TV stations may need to modify antenna positioning and adjust power output to reduce their impact on neighbouring mobile networks.This careful coordination ensures a smooth transition as the real

203、location process moves forward across different regions.Based on technical studies of interference and service areas for both mobile and TV broadcasting services,it is possible to determine the appropriate distances between systems to ensure interference-free operation.Annex 2 provides a detailed as

204、sessment of potential interference scenarios and measures.For example,as shown in Table 6,a mobile base station could affect a TV station within a 13-kilometre radius,while the TV stations service area extends up to 39 kilometres.Conversely,broadcasting signals from a TV station could interfere with

205、 mobile operations within a 70-kilometre radius,while the mobile base station service area is around 12 kilometres.Table 6.Examples of separation distances between mobile and TV broadcasting stations Interference Scenario Interference Contour Service Area Contour Mobile into broadcasting 13 km(from

206、mobile base station)39 km(from TV station)Broadcasting into mobile 70 km(from TV station)12 km(from mobile base station)Source:TMG.Furthermore,adequate consideration should be given to the different power levels associated with the TV broadcasting authorisations in Brazil,thus adjusting these distan

207、ces accordingly.23 Table 7.Classification of digital television channels in Brazil based on maximum characteristics Class Channels Max ERP Max Protected Contour Distance Special 7-13 16 kW 65.6 km 14-46 80 kW 58.0 km 47-51 100 kW 58.0 km A 7-13 1.6 kW 47.9 km 14-51 8 kW 42.5 km B 7-13 0.16 kW 32.3 k

208、m 14-51 0.8 kW 29.1 km C 7-13 0.016 kW 20.2 km 14-51 0.08 kW 18.1 km Source:Anatel.23 Anatel,Ato 9751,Requisitos Tcnicos de Condies de Uso de Radiofrequncias para os Servios de Radiodifuso de Sons e Imagens e de Retransmisso de Televiso,July 6,2022,Annex Table 2,https:/informacoes.ANATEL.gov.br/legi

209、slacao/atos-de-requisitos-tecnicos-de-gestao-do-espectro/2022/1688-ato-9751.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 28 The separation distances outlined serve as a reference for managing interference during the phased reallocation of the 600 MHz band in Brazil and may be

210、 adjusted based on specific regional conditions.Clearly defining these distances is crucial to ensure a smooth transition,enabling mobile services to roll out without disrupting,or being disrupted by,existing TV broadcasting operations in neighbouring areas.Geographic characteristics and the technic

211、al specifications of stations will influence these distances,with earlier-transitioning regions required to implement protective measures to prevent interference with adjacent areas still operating TV broadcasting services.This approach ensures effective coexistence of mobile and TV broadcasting ser

212、vices while minimising disruptions during the transition.3.Regulatory aspects for the 600 MHz band in Brazil The reallocation of the 600 MHz band in Brazil requires a robust regulatory framework to address the dual objectives of transitioning TV broadcasters to alternative spectrum resources and eff

213、iciently licensing the band for mobile broadband services.These two interrelated components are essential to ensuring the smooth transition of the 600 MHz band while maintaining the continuity of broadcasting services and meeting the growing demand for mobile connectivity.The migration of TV broadca

214、sters involves technical assessments to identify suitable spectrum in the UHF and VHF bands,regulatory updates to enable multiprogramming and other innovative solutions,and stakeholder engagement to address the operational and financial impacts of reallocation.Simultaneously,licensing the band for m

215、obile services requires a market-driven approach,focusing on an efficient auction design,cost recovery mechanisms,and timely assignments to facilitate rapid deployment of mobile networks.A successful regulatory framework must incorporate lessons learned from Brazils previous spectrum reallocation ef

216、forts and international best practices.It should prioritise flexibility to address varying regional conditions,establish clear timelines and milestones,and ensure fairness and transparency in all processes.The framework should also align with broader public policy objectives,including digital inclus

217、ion and technological advancement,while considering the economic and technical challenges faced by broadcasters and mobile operators.3.1.3.1.Lessons learned from previous assignment processesLessons learned from previous assignment processes Lessons learned from Brazilian and international spectrum

218、assignment processes suggest that Anatel consider certain key elements,as shown in Figure 14.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 29 Figure 14.Considerations for the reallocation of the 600 MHz band Source:TMG.For the successful relocation of TV broadcasters,the regul

219、atory framework should:1.assess feasibility of the process,including conducting consultations and sharing information with relevant stakeholders to guide the process;2.analyse spectrum availability in the UHF band and,if needed,to reallocate TV broadcasters in the VHF band;3.amend current regulation

220、s that may limit the transition;and 4.clearly identify costs of the process and sources of funding.To ensure efficient assignments of freed-up spectrum for mobile broadband,the regulatory framework should:1.ensure an effective and market-driven auction design;2.establish reserve prices aimed at reco

221、vering costs of the reallocation process and promoting digital connectivity;and 3.implement the auction process ahead of the full completion of the reallocation of TV broadcast stations to enable the prompt launch of mobile services in the band.Thus,Anatel should consolidate(1)the process to migrate

222、 TV broadcasters;and(2)the framework to license the band for mobile broadband under a migration plan for the band.This plan will set clear and transparent guidelines for spectrum management,including for its allocation,reassignment,and its transition from TV broadcasters to mobile services,providing

223、 certainty for stakeholders involved in the process and promoting a smooth and organized transition.A migration plan for the 600 MHz band should consider the following elements:Publish regulation to approve the allocation,destination,and conditions of use of radio frequencies in the band;define spec

224、trum block configuration;create an implementation group to conduct the migration.The group could be formed by Anatel,mobile licensees,and TV broadcasters;design and conduct spectrum auction;and ensure international coordination.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 30

225、3.2.3.2.Proposed framework to reallocate TV broadcastersProposed framework to reallocate TV broadcasters The regulatory framework to reallocate the 600 MHz band should consider three interrelated factors:1.the current level of occupation of the band in each geographic area;2.the need to amend existi

226、ng regulations to implement the reallocation mechanism;and 3.the reduction of reallocation costs.The output of these factors may require different approaches to the process in different parts of the country and will provide Anatel with inputs to develop regulatory solutions tailored to the needs of

227、stakeholders and challenges of the process.Reallocation of TV broadcasters must distinguish between the three categories of cities proposed in the spectrum reorganisation.This will lead to an incremental design of regulatory actions and options to achieve the goals of the broader reallocation proces

228、s.As complexity increases,regulatory options and solutions should provide practical and effective responses to secure the dual objectives of ensuring TV broadcasting service continuity at the lowest possible cost.The level of regulatory intervention will depend on the extent to which the spectrum is

229、 currently used:lower use will lead to limited regulatory intervention while higher use will result in more complex regulatory solutions.As summarized in Figure 15,the result will likely be minimal interventions in cities in category 1,intermediate intervention in categories 2,and higher interventio

230、n in category 3 cities.Figure 15.Framework to reallocate spectrum to TV broadcasters based on three categories Category 1 Spectrum available Category 2 Higher spectrum reorganisation Category 3 High spectrum use Implementation feasibility Low use of 600 MHz band Minimal regulatory intervention to ac

231、hieve reallocation within the UHF band Medium use of 600 MHz band Intermediate regulatory intervention to achieve reallocation within the UHF band,including introducing multiprogramming High use of 600 MHz band High regulatory intervention to achieve reallocation,including multiprogramming and possi

232、ble migration to VHF bands Spectrum availability Sufficient availability in channels 14-36 Potential for insufficient availability in channels 14-36 Insufficient spectrum in channels 14-36 likely Amendments to regulatory framework Not needed Update regulations to allow commercial stations multiprogr

233、amming Update regulations to allow commercial stations multiprogramming Amend rules to permit the use of VHF frequencies by commercial broadcasters Identification of costs and funding Retuning equipment Retuning equipment Costs associated with new equipment in case TV broadcasters reallocate to the

234、VHF band Source:TMG.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 31 Category 1 includes smaller cities with low use in the 600 MHz band.Because sufficient spectrum will be available in channels 14-36 to migrate existing TV broadcast stations,Anatels regulatory intervention is

235、 expected to be minimal.The reallocation can be made administratively with limited changes to existing licences.In consultation with industry and government stakeholders,Anatel should set up a schedule to implement the process,creating a set of milestones and incentives for TV broadcasters to migrat

236、e and reimburse migration costs.For this category of cities,no amendments are expected to existing TV broadcasting regulations as these currently allow for the proposed regulatory actions.Relatedly,reallocation costs should be relatively low,limited mostly to retuning existing equipment(See section

237、3.4).Category 2 includes mid-size cities with higher use in the 600 MHz band.As a result,spectrum availability in channels 14-36 may be insufficient to individually reallocate all existing TV stations in every city.Anatel should thus consider a two-stage process to reallocate this band.During the fi

238、rst stage,existing TV broadcasters would have the option to voluntarily relocate within the lower part of the UHF band or to surrender their licences if they do not plan on continuing to provide service.Similarly,Anatel should consider,in consultation with MCom,revoking existing licences that are no

239、t in use.Depending on first-stage results,Anatel should then assess whether sufficient channels are available to migrate TV broadcasters within the UHF band in each city.If sufficient spectrum exists,then Anatel would proceed to administratively award the spectrum following the approach outlined for

240、 category 1 cities.If insufficient spectrum exists to accommodate all TV broadcasters in a specific city,Anatel would move to a second stage in the process.To minimise reallocation costs,this stage would seek amending existing regulations to allow more flexibility for commercial stations to engage i

241、n multiprogramming in the UHF band.Currently,the decree which governs multiprogramming imposes limitations on commercial broadcasters,allowing only partnerships with government entities for content of that is in the public interest.24 Updating these regulations to allow commercial stations to engage

242、 in multiprogramming freely would enable more efficient spectrum use,as multiple broadcasters could share a single UHF channel without compromising service continuity and quality.Such changes would require MCom to redefine the criteria for channel allocation and multiprogramming to align with the br

243、oader policy objectives of freeing up the 600 MHz band.This two-stage approach ensures that TV broadcasters continue operating in the UHF band,avoiding the need to replace network equipment.This reduces reallocation costs to mostly retuning of equipment,similar to category 1 cities.Category 3 includ

244、es the largest cities in Brazil,with the highest use in the 600 MHz band.The complex radio frequency environment in these cities requires the highest potential regulatory intervention from Anatel.In consultation with key stakeholders,the regulatory framework should offer TV broadcasters options to f

245、acilitate the reallocation process,ensuring flexibility and a balanced approach that considers the needs of all relevant stakeholders.As with category 2 cities,the reallocation of TV broadcasters in the 600 MHz band should follow a two-stage process.During the first stage of this,TV broadcasters wou

246、ld be allowed to voluntarily relocate to the lower part of the UHF band or surrender their licences.Anatel should then assess whether to revoke such licences that are not in use.In a second stage,Anatel should determine whether sufficient channels are available to migrate TV broadcasters within the

247、UHF band and whether allowing multiprogramming could be an efficient mechanism to accommodate TV broadcasters.Regulatory changes in relation to multiprogramming would 24 Presidential Decree 12051,June 11,2024,https:/www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2023-2026/2024/decreto/d12051.htm.Reallocation of

248、the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 32 be required as discussed for category 2 cities.If these regulatory options are insufficient to achieve the reallocation process goals,Anatel could subsequently consider migrating TV broadcasters to the VHF band to ensure service continuity.This

249、 last option will depend on multiple stakeholder engagement and further regulatory changes,as current regulations under the Digitaliza Brasil project restrict the use of VHF channels exclusively to public TV stations.25 Changes to these rules will be needed to permit commercial broadcaster use of VH

250、F channels.Such amendments would provide Anatel greater flexibility in reassigning channels,particularly in highly congested areas.Reallocating broadcasters to VHF channels has important cost implications and should be viewed as a last-resort option.While the VHF band offers a technically feasible a

251、lternative for accommodating displaced broadcasters,it requires equipment changes due to incompatibilities,in turn driving higher reallocation costs.Figure 16.Regulatory considerations for TV broadcasting Source:TMG.3.3.3.3.Proposed framework for the aProposed framework for the assignment of the 600

252、 MHz band ssignment of the 600 MHz band toto mobilemobile The second component of the reallocation process is to adopt an efficient framework to assign the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband.To do so,Anatel should:1.establish an efficient auction design and licences;2.ensure that spectrum prices focu

253、s on cost recovery and promoting digital connectivity;and 3.auction the spectrum ahead of the completion of the reallocation process.The following section provide recommendations to achieve these objectives.The following sections provide recommendations to achieve these objectives.25 Ministrio das C

254、omunicaes,Digitaliza Brasil,June 2,2023,https:/www.gov.br/mcom/pt-br/acesso-a-informacao/acoes-e-programas/programas-projetos-acoes-obras-e-atividades/digitaliza-brasil-1.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 33 Figure 17.Regulatory considerations for the assignment of

255、 the 600 MHz to mobile services Source:TMG.3.3.1.Efficient auction design and licences Governments assign spectrum through various mechanisms,including competitive auctions,administrative assignments,or hybrid approaches.The choice depends on policy objectives,market conditions and services,and expe

256、cted level of demand for the spectrum,among other factors.The 600 MHz band has the potential to complement current spectrum holdings to expand 5G services and bridge the digital divide in Brazil.Given the anticipated interest of mobile operators in the 600 MHz band and the need to reimburse TV broad

257、casters reallocation costs,Anatel should implement market-based mechanisms to achieve an efficient assignment.Notably,Anatel can leverage its proven track record in organizing spectrum tenders to ensure efficient assignments in the 600 MHz band.A competitive auction,adapted from those used to assign

258、 the 700 MHz band and more recently the 3.5 GHz bands,could be implemented to assign spectrum in the 600 MHz band.Auction design,however,should not include spectrum set asides that may limit the amount of spectrum made available and increase the price of spectrum.Such measures have proven ineffectiv

259、e to promote viable entry into the Brazilian market,as demonstrated in the recent 5G auction conducted by Anatel,where set-asides attracted limited interest and failed to encourage new entrants capable of competing with established operators.In addition,assignments should be made for a period of 20

260、years with a presumption of renewal in a manner consistent with recent 5G assignments made by Anatel.3.3.2.Setting efficient spectrum prices Brazils primary objective for the 600 MHz auction should be to maximise the economic and social benefits derived from the efficient use of the radio spectrum.T

261、his includes expanding access to mobile broadband services,which has the potential to significantly enhance digital connectivity across the country.To achieve this,Anatel must consider the costs associated with reallocating TV broadcasters and design a process that prioritises broadband development

262、over the pursuit of high spectrum fees or excessive auction revenues.Focusing on affordability is critical,as imposing high financial barriers to entry could reduce spectrum demand or discourage network investment.Such outcomes would undermine the socio-economic Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for

263、mobile broadband in Brazil Page 34 benefits of reallocating the 600 MHz band,particularly its role in improving broadband penetration in underserved areas.By adopting an auction design that balances cost recovery with promoting digital inclusion,Anatel can ensure that the reallocation of the 600 MHz

264、 band delivers meaningful and widespread connectivity improvements.Reserve prices for the 600 MHz auction should reflect the actual costs of transitioning TV broadcasters,ensuring they are based on a transparent assessment of reallocation expenses.While prices can consider policy objectives,these sh

265、ould be clearly offset or discounted to prevent unnecessary inflation.To promote broad participation and efficient spectrum use,reserve prices must exclude unrelated government program costs and adhere to the principle of cost minimisation,focusing solely on enabling an effective transition to mobil

266、e broadband services.Consistent with Anatel practice,the auction rules should establish an entity tasked with efficiently managing the reallocation process.26 This will facilitate stakeholder engagement,promote transparent disbursement of funds and streamline the implementation of the complex proces

267、s of migrating existing users of the band.In addition,a claw-back mechanism should be incorporated into the auction rules in case Anatel overestimates the migration costs.If auction receipts exceed the actual migration costs,any excess funds should be either reimbursed to bidders or credited towards

268、 bidders regulatory payments or fees.The combination of these mechanisms will ensure spectrum prices reflect market conditions and incentivize participation in the reallocation process.3.3.3.Auction the spectrum based on a phased reallocation process To expedite use of the 600 MHz band for mobile br

269、oadband,especially in small and medium-sized cities,Anatel should initiate the auction while the migration is ongoing.By establishing a band clearance timeline and milestones in the auction rules and other sector regulations,Anatel would ensure transparency and certainty in the assignment process fo

270、r mobile services.This should incentivise participation in the auction and facilitate faster roll-out of 5G services using the 600 MHz band.3.4.3.4.Expected cost drivers of the reallocation processExpected cost drivers of the reallocation process Reallocating the 600 MHz band involves transitioning

271、TV broadcasters from their current spectrum assignments to lower UHF channels(14-36)to free up the band for mobile broadband services.The costs associated with this process vary significantly across the three categories of cities,reflecting the complexity and specific requirements of each scenario.F

272、or category 1 and 2 cities,which comprise most Brazilian municipalities,the reallocation process is relatively straightforward.Broadcasters in these regions will primarily require equipment retuning to operate on new channels.This involves site visits,technical adjustments,and testing,with minimal d

273、isruption.The costs in these areas are expected to be low,as no new broadcasting equipment is required.This contrasts with the earlier 700 MHz reallocation process,where the transition from analogue to digital broadcasting necessitated substantial investment in new equipment,significantly driving up

274、 costs.In category 3 cities,characterised by higher spectrum use and more complex interference scenarios,the costs are more substantial.Reallocation in these areas may require broadcasters to migrate to the VHF band,which involves purchasing new equipment such as antennas,modifying transmission towe

275、rs,26 Anatel,Grupo de Implantao do Processo de Redistribuio e Digitalizao de Canais de TV e RTV GIRED,https:/www.ANATEL.gov.br/Portal/verificaDocumentos/documento.asp?numeroPublicacao=323816 Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 35 conducting detailed frequency coordin

276、ation,and potentially setting up temporary facilities to avoid service interruptions during the transition.These additional technical requirements reflect the higher costs associated with reallocating spectrum in densely populated urban areas.To ensure a fair and transparent process,Anatel should co

277、nduct a detailed cost analysis to determine the compensation needed for broadcasters.This compensation should cover all reasonable expenses incurred during the reallocation process,such as equipment retuning or replacement,installation work,and frequency coordination.Establishing a special fund,as d

278、one for the 700 MHz reallocation in Brazil and similar processes in the United Kingdom and the United States,27 can help reimburse broadcasters effectively and maintain stakeholder confidence.Additionally,any revenue generated from the 600 MHz auction should be dedicated exclusively to covering real

279、location costs.The government must avoid diverting these funds to other projects,as this could inflate auction reserve prices and discourage mobile operators from participating,potentially undermining the broader goal of expanding mobile broadband services.To ensure a smooth transition,compensation

280、mechanisms must be developed to fairly allocate funds to broadcasters for their incurred costs.These mechanisms should include a detailed analysis of financial requirements,the assignment of funds,and the design of efficient reimbursement procedures.Figure 18 summarises these cost categories and hig

281、hlights their relevance to the reallocation process.Figure 18.Cost-drivers for the reallocation process of the 600 MHz band in Brazil Source:TMG based on FCC.3.5.3.5.Political and financial considerationsPolitical and financial considerations The reallocation and auction of the 600 MHz band in Brazi

282、l necessitate effective coordination among key stakeholders,including the national government,TV broadcasters,and telecommunications service providers.Each group has distinct interests and priorities concerning the use of the 600 MHz band,making it critical to establish mechanisms that balance these

283、 competing interests.A well-coordinated framework is essential to ensure that the spectrum is allocated efficiently while maintaining the confidence and support of all stakeholders involved.27 FCC,Reimbursement,https:/www.fcc.gov/about-fcc/fcc-initiatives/incentive-auctions/reimbursement#:text=The%2

284、0Spectrum%20Act%20appropriated%20%241.75,%22MVPDs%22)%20that%20incurred%20costs.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 36 The ongoing discussions around TV 3.0 provide a timely opportunity to align the reallocation of the 600 MHz band with advancements in broadcasting t

285、echnology.Both processes share overlapping regulatory considerations,such as the need to reorganise existing channels and implement updated technical standards.However,it is imperative to separate these processes in terms of financial and political decision-making.Conflating the costs of TV 3.0 depl

286、oyment with the reallocation of the 600 MHz band risks introducing unnecessary complexities,heightening political sensitivities,and delaying progress.Auction proceeds from the 600 MHz band should not be used to fund the TV 3.0 transition,as this would inflate spectrum costs,reduce operator participa

287、tion,and potentially limit network investment.Instead,the reallocation process should be managed independently,focusing on creating a structured and efficient transition for mobile broadband expansion.This independent approach allows Brazil to reorganise the 600 MHz band without compromising the bro

288、ader objectives of digital inclusion and technological modernisation.By addressing regulatory requirements for both processes in parallel but distinctively,Brazil can simultaneously enhance mobile broadband services and modernise its broadcasting infrastructure,ensuring that financial resources and

289、political efforts are directed effectively to maximise socio-economic benefits.4.Conclusions The reallocation of the 600 MHz band from television broadcasting to mobile broadband in Brazil offers a practical solution to meet the rising demand for connectivity,particularly for expanding mobile servic

290、es and improving rural coverage.However,the transition involves significant technical,regulatory,and economic challenges that must be carefully navigated to ensure the continued provision of broadcasting services while enabling the development of mobile broadband infrastructure.A key technical chall

291、enge is the reorganisation of digital TV broadcasting channels in preparation for the adoption of TV 3.0,a new standard that promises greater interactivity,efficiency,and user experience.Trials for TV 3.0 are planned for 2025,with commercial deployment expected in 2026 or later.This transition is co

292、mplicated by broadcasters requests to maintain dual allocations in the 600 MHz band and lower UHF bands,creating additional spectrum congestion in high-demand states like Minas Gerais and So Paulo.Despite this,the technical studies in this report have outlined actionable solutions for reorganisation

293、,including channel consolidation,shared channels,multiprogramming,and reallocating certain channels to the VHF band.These strategies,applied successfully in metropolitan areas like So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro,demonstrate the feasibility of spectrum reorganisation even in highly congested regions.The

294、 following recommendations should be considered to address the different steps of the reallocation process:1.Develop a phased,flexible timeline:Establish a structured yet adaptable timeline that balances independently the implementation of TV 3.0 with the gradual release of the 600 MHz band.This tim

295、eline should provide flexibility for delays in regulatory approvals and technological deployments,ensuring alignment between broadcasters and mobile operators.2.Freeze licensing of new TV stations in the 600 MHz band:To avoid further spectrum congestion,MCom should temporarily halt the issuance of n

296、ew licences for TV stations in this band.This measure will facilitate smoother reallocation by reducing the need to accommodate new players during the transition.Reallocation of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband in Brazil Page 37 3.Incorporate economic incentives:Addressing the financial burden

297、on broadcasters for relocating channels will require targeted economic incentives.A well-structured auction should include mechanisms to compensate broadcasters for equipment upgrades,channel migration,and service continuity.Incentives should also encourage mobile operators to invest in rural areas,

298、where lower population densities may reduce immediate profitability.4.Strengthen technical coordination and conduct interference analysis:A comprehensive technical framework should manage interference between mobile and TV broadcasting services.This includes defining minimum separation distances,adj

299、usting antenna parameters,and optimising channel assignments.In congested areas,shared channels and multiprogramming must be deployed to maximise spectrum efficiency.5.Reassess TVA channel usage:Many TVA channels,originally licensed for subscription TV,now function as free-to-air broadcasters,creati

300、ng regulatory inconsistencies.Reevaluating their role and incorporating them into the broader reallocation plan will free up additional spectrum,particularly in urban areas with high demand.6.Enhance stakeholder collaboration:Close cooperation between MCom,Anatel,TV broadcasters,and mobile operators

301、 is essential.Regular stakeholder consultations,data-sharing,and collaborative technical studies will help align priorities and resolve challenges efficiently.This coordinated effort will ensure the reallocation process is transparent and inclusive.7.Address the costs of assigning the band for mobil

302、e services:Reserve prices for the 600 MHz band auction should be carefully calibrated to reflect the actual costs of reallocation,such as compensating broadcasters,while avoiding inflated fees that could deter mobile operators from participating.The auction process must prioritise affordable access

303、to spectrum,enabling investment in network deployment,especially in underserved rural areas.Any surplus revenue from the auction should be reinvested in enhancing digital connectivity,ensuring long-term socio-economic benefits.By addressing these technical and regulatory challenges,Brazil can unlock

304、 the potential of the 600 MHz band for mobile broadband while safeguarding the interests of the broadcasting sector.Effective reallocation will support the expansion of digital inclusion,enhance connectivity in underserved areas,and position Brazil as a leader in the global digital economy.Strategic planning,technological innovation,and regulatory alignment will be key to achieving these objectives.Telecommunications Management Group,I