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1、中國電力系統轉型概況Performance of Chinas Power System Performance of Chinas Power System TransitionT電力規劃設計總院國際部主任 方曉松FANG FANG XiaosongXiaosong,Director of,Director of International International DepartmentDepartment,EPPEI,EPPEI2022/09/21能源生產保障能力穩步提升。2021年，中國一次能源消費總量為52.4億噸標煤，同比增長5.2%。帶動一次能源生產量達到43.3億噸標煤，同比增

2、長6.3%，增速均創10年新高。2015-2021年以較低的能源消費增速保障了國民經濟的較快發展。ChinasChinas energyenergy productionproduction capacitycapacity hashas beenbeen steadilysteadily improvedimproved.The growth rate of primaryenergy production hit a 10-year high in 2021.The rapid development of the national economy is guaranteed by rel

3、atively lowenergyconsumptiongrowthratefrom2015to2021.01 能源領域轉型Energy Sector TransitionEnergy Sector Transition43.444.245.647.248.749.852.41.4%1.7%3.2%3.5%3.2%2.2%5.2%0%2%4%6%8%10%3035404550552015201620172018201920202021能源消費總量Total Energy Consumption增速Growth Rate單位：億噸標準煤Unit:100 milliontonsofstandard

4、coal中國20152015-20212021年能源消費情況Chinas Energy Consumption in 2015Chinas Energy Consumption in 2015-2021 2021 36.234.635.937.939.740.843.30.0%-4.4%3.8%5.6%4.7%2.8%6.1%-5%0%5%10%3035404550552015201620172018201920202021能源生產總量Total Energy Production增速Growth Rate單位：億噸標準煤Unit:100 milliontonsofstandardcoal中國

5、20152015-20212021年能源生產情況Chinas Energy Production in 2015Chinas Energy Production in 2015-2021 2021 12.1%13.5%13.8%14.3%15.3%15.9%16.6%11%12%13%14%15%16%17%2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 中國20152015-20212021非化石能源消費量占比Proportion of Chinas NonProportion of Chinas Non-Fossil Energy Consumption in 201

6、5Fossil Energy Consumption in 2015-20212021能源綠色轉型加快推進。2021年，中國非化石能源生產和消費比重分別達到20.3%和16.6%，較上年均提高了0.7個百分點。單位GDP能耗強度下降了2.7個百分點，碳排放強度下降了3.8個百分點。ChinasChinas greengreen energyenergytransitiontransition hashas beenbeen acceleratedaccelerated.In 2021,the proportion of non-fossil energy production and cons

7、umption reached 20.3%and16.6%,respectively,both up 0.7 percentage points from 2020.Energy intensity(total energy consumption per unit of GDP)droppedby2.7percentagepoints,andcarbonemissionintensitydecreasedby3.8percentagepoints.1.20 1.10 1.05 1.01 0.98 0.98 0.94 0.00.20.40.60.81.01.21.420152016201720

8、18201920202021單位：單位GDP二氧化碳排放（噸/萬元）Unit:CO2emissionperGDP（t/10000RMB）中國20152015-20212021年能源消費情況Chinas Energy Consumption in 2015Chinas Energy Consumption in 2015-2021 2021 01 能源領域轉型Energy Sector TransitionEnergy Sector Transition電源側PowerPowerSideSide電力供應保障能力逐步夯實。2021年，中國發電裝機達到23.8億千瓦，同比增長9.5%；發電量8.4萬

9、億千瓦時，同比增長4.0%。ChinasChinaspowerpowersupplysupplycapacitycapacityhashasbeenbeengraduallygraduallystrengthenedstrengthened.In2021,Chinasinstalledpowercapacityreached2.38TW,withayear-on-yeargrowthof9.5%;powergeneration reached8400TWh,up4.0%yearonyear.14.9%14.9%2.2%2.2%13.8%13.8%12.9%12.9%46.6%46.6%4.6%

10、4.6%1.6%1.6%3.5%3.5%23.823.8億千瓦2.38 TW2.38 TWHydroNuclearWindSolarCoalGasPumped hydroBiomass20212021年中國電源發電裝機和發電量Chinas Power Supply&Power Capacity by Source in 2021Chinas Power Supply&Power Capacity by Source in 202115.5%15.5%4.9%4.9%7.8%7.8%3.9%3.9%60.0%60.0%3.4%3.4%0.5%0.5%4.0%4.0%水電核電風電太陽能發電煤電氣電

11、抽水蓄能生物質及其他8.48.4萬億千瓦時8400 8400 TWhTWh02 電力系統轉型Power System TPower System Transitionransition電源側PowerPowerSideSide綠色電源占比大幅提升。2021年，中國可再生能源發電裝機歷史性突破11億千瓦，占總裝機的比重達到45.8%，風電、光伏均居世界第一?？稍偕茉窗l電量達到2.49萬億千瓦時，占全社會用電量的29.9%。TheTheproportionproportion of of renewablerenewable powerpower supplysupply hashas sign

12、ificantlysignificantly increasedincreased in in ChinaChina.In 2021,Chinas installed renewable power capacityexceeded1.1TW,generating 2490TWh,withwindandsolarpowerrankingfirst intheworld.中國20182018-20212021年可再生能源裝機Chinas Renewable Power Capacity in 2018Chinas Renewable Power Capacity in 2018-2021 202

13、1 0200004000060000800001000001200002018201920202021裝機容量（萬千瓦）Power Capacity(10MW)風電Wind光伏PV水電Hydro抽蓄Pumped Storage中國20182018-20212021年可再生能源發電量Chinas Renewable Power Generation in 2018Chinas Renewable Power Generation in 2018-2021 2021 05000100001500020000250002018201920202021裝機容量（億千瓦時）Power Capacity(

14、100GWh)風電Wind光伏PV水電Hydro02 電力系統轉型Power System TPower System Transitionransition電網側GridGridSideSide電網建設規模穩步擴大。截至2021年底，中國220千伏及以上輸電線路長度達到84.3萬公里，同比增長3.8%；220千伏及以上變電容量44.7億千伏安，直流換流容量4.7億千瓦；主要高壓配電線變電容量24.3億千伏安，高壓配電線路長度達到115萬公里。ChinasChinas powerpower gridgrid scalescale hashas beenbeen steadilysteadily

15、 expandedexpanded.By the end of 2021,the length ofChinas transmission lines(220kV)reached 843,000 km,with a substation capacity of 4.47 billion kVA and a DC conventercapacityof4700GW;thelengthofhigh-voltage distributionlinesreached1,150,000km.683067713064767012796409417214172145191469813696713903544

16、25795446760338383603844590471622018201920202021交流線路長度（公里）Length of AC Line(km)直流線路長度（公里）Length of DC Line（km）交流變電容量（萬千伏安）AC Transformer Capacity(10MVA)直流換流容量(萬千伏安）DC Converter Capacity(10MVA)中國20182018-20212021年輸電網建設情況Chinas Transmission Grid in 2018Chinas Transmission Grid in 2018-2021 2021 6902235

17、814582317487180018001034857698101000kV750kV500kV330kV220kV線路長度（公里）Length(km)變電容量（萬千伏安）Transformer Capacity(10MVA)中國20212021年新增220220千伏及以上交流電網線路及變電容量ChinaChina s Added Transmission Lines s Added Transmission Lines（220kV220kV）in 2021 in 2021 02 電力系統轉型Power System TPower System Transitionransition電網側Gr

18、idGridSideSide綠色資源配置能力不斷加強。中國資源稟賦與能源需求呈現逆向分布，為了實現綠色能源在全國范圍內的優化配置，中國建成了世界上規模最大、遠距離輸送能力最強的電力系統，每年將約3000億千瓦時的綠色電力由西部地區送至東部負荷中心。ChinasChinas capacitycapacity to to allocateallocate greengreen resourcesresources hashas beenbeen enhancedenhanced.To realize the optimalallocation of green energy nationwide,

19、China has built the worlds largest power system,transforming about 300TWh of greenpoweryearlyfromthewesttotheeast.中國主要跨省區域輸電通道可再生能源輸送電量Renewable Energy Transmitted by CrossRenewable Energy Transmitted by Cross-Provincial Transmission Channels in ChinaProvincial Transmission Channels in China02 電力系統轉

20、型Power System TPower System Transitionransition負荷側LoadLoadSideSide用電量保持增長，用電結構持續優化。2021年，中國全社會用電量達到8.3萬億千瓦時，同比增長10.7%，增速較2020年提高6.7個百分點。用電結構保持由二產用電向三產、居民生活用電轉移趨勢。ChinasChinas powerpowerconsumptionconsumption hashas keptkept growinggrowing andand thethe powerpower consumptionconsumption structurestru

21、cture hashas beenbeen continuouslycontinuously optimizedoptimized.The power consumptiongrowth rate in 2021 is 6.7 percentage points higher than that in 2020.Power consumption structure continues shifting from thesecondarysector tothetertiary sectorandresidentialelectricity.55,500 59,198 63,077 69,16

22、3 72,255 75,110 83,128 0.5%5.0%6.6%9.6%4.5%4.0%10.7%0%2%4%6%8%10%12%020,00040,00060,00080,0002015201620172018201920202021用電量Power Consumption增速Growth Rate單位：億千瓦時Unit:100MWh中國20152015-20212021年用電情況Chinas Power Consumption in 2015Chinas Power Consumption in 2015-2021 2021 14.1%15.8%41.1%27.9%1.1%14.1%

23、17.1%40.3%27.3%1.2%居民生活用電Residential三產用電Tertiary Sector非高載能二產Less Energy-Intensive Secondary sector高載能行業Energy-Intensive Sector一產用電Primary Sector20182018年20212021年中國20182018年和20212021年用電結構Chinas Power Consumption Structure in 2018&2021 Chinas Power Consumption Structure in 2018&2021 02 電力系統轉型Power S

24、ystem TPower System Transitionransition負荷側LoadLoadSideSide推進用能產業與新能源就近結合。大力引導新增用能產業向新能源富集地區布局，推進傳統方案升級改造，加強需求側響應，持續加快電動汽車、可中斷負荷規?；l展，提升終端用能和新能源發電的匹配程度，促進重點領域綠電替代。ChinaChina hashas initiativesinitiatives forfor highhigh-energyenergy consumptionconsumption industryindustry to to deploydeploy nearnear

25、thethe regionsregions withwith richrichrenewablerenewableenergyenergyresourcesresources.Chinaencourage greenpowersubstitutioninkeyareas.電采暖Electric Heating地能熱泵Geothermal Heat Pump工業電鍋爐Industrial Electric Boilers農業電排灌Agricultural Electric Drainage&Irrigation電動汽車Electric Vehicle電蓄能調峰Electric Storage a

26、s Peaking Capacity船舶岸電Shore Power綠電替代重點領域Green Power Green Power Substitution in Key Substitution in Key AreasAreas電采暖 ElectricElectricHeatingHeating電動汽車 Electric VehicleElectric Vehicle可中斷負荷 Interruptible LoadInterruptible Load02 電力系統轉型Power System TPower System Transitionransition電力系統靈活性持續提升。通過煤電靈

27、活性改造、擴大抽水蓄能和電化學儲能裝機、提升完善需求側管理和響應能力等方式有效提升了電力系統靈活性。ChinasChinas powerpower systemsystem flexibilityflexibility hashas beenbeen effectivelyeffectively enhancedenhanced by coalpower flexibility retrofit,expansion of installed pumped storage&electrochemical energy storage,and improvement of demand-sidem

28、anagement&responsecapabilities.煤電靈活性改造超80008000萬千瓦OverOver8080GWhGWhcoal powerhasbeenretrofittedforflexibility.60006000千瓦及以上火電廠供電標準煤耗降至302302.5 5克/千瓦時Standard coal consumption of coal power unit(600MW）has beenreducedto302302.5 5g/kWh.電力需求側管理措施不斷完善Demand-sidemanagementhasbeencontinuously improved.需求側

29、響應能力持續增強Demand-sideresponsecapacity continues tobeenhanced.新能源友好電站、虛擬電廠建設穩步增長Construction of system-friendly”renewable power stations and virtualpowerplantsissteadilyincreased.抽水蓄能裝機36693669萬千瓦Theinstalled capacity ofpumpedstoragereached 3636.6969GWhGWh.電化學儲能裝機400400萬千瓦The installed capacity of elec

30、trochemical energy storagereached4 4GWhGWh.02 電力系統轉型Power System TPower System Transitionransition81.08%81.08%18.92%18.92%中長期交易電量Medium&Long-Term Trading Power現貨交易電量Spot Trading Power電力現貨市場建設有序推進、全國統一電力市場體系加快建設。2021年，全國完成市場化交易電量3.7億千瓦時，占全社會用電量比重達44.6%，年均增長率約40%。中長期交易機制全面建立，現貨市場穩定試運行，輔助服務市場穩步推進。China

31、sChinas electricityelectricity spotspot marketmarket hashas beenbeen builtbuilt orderlyorderly andand thethe constructionconstruction of of a a unifiedunified electricityelectricitymarketmarket systemsystem hashas beenbeen acceleratedaccelerated.The market traded power in 2021 reached 370GWh,account

32、ing for 44.6%of total powerconsumption,with a 40%average growth rate.The medium and long-term trading mechanisms have been fully established,thespotmarketpilotkeepsrunning,andtheauxiliaryservice marketisrunning steadily.市場化交易電量Market Traded Market Traded PowerPower44.6%44.6%非市場化交易電量NonNon-Market Mar

33、ket Traded PowerTraded Power55.4%55.4%20212021年中國中長期和現貨市場交易電量占比Medium and LongMedium and Long-Term vs Spot Trading Power in 2021 Term vs Spot Trading Power in 2021 20212021年中國市場化交易電量占全社會用電量比重Market Traded Power/Total Power Consumption in 2021 Market Traded Power/Total Power Consumption in 2021 03 電力

34、市場改革Power Power Market ReformMarket Reform電價改革持續優化、體制機制進一步健全、完善。輸配電價體系持續優化，上網電價市場化改革進一步深化，分時電價、階梯電價機制進一步健全，抽水蓄能價格形成機制進一步完善。TheThe electricityelectricity priceprice reformreform hashas beenbeencontinuouslycontinuously optimized,optimized,andand thethe systemsystem&mechanismmechanism havehave beenbeen

35、 furtherfurther improvedimproved in transmission&distribution pricing system,marketreformonfeed-in-tariff,time-of-usetariffs&tieredpricingmechanism,etc.輸配電價體系Transmission&Distribution Pricing System 區域/省級電網第一、二監管周期輸配電價Transmission and distribution price ofregional/provincial power grid in the 1stand

36、2ndsupervisionperiods 跨省跨區專項工程輸電價格定價辦法Pricing method for transmission pricing ofinter-provincial and inter-regional specialprojects 事前核定、定期校核機Approving pricing before operation and regular check mechanism上網電價市場化改革Market Reform on Feed-in-Tariff 全面放開燃煤發電上網電價Full liberalization of coal-fired power gen

37、eration feed-intariffs 擴大市場交易電價上下浮動Expanding the fluctuation range of market transaction electricity price 取消工商業目錄銷售電價Cancellation of catalog sales electricity price for industry and commerce 煤價、上網電價、用戶電價“三價聯動”“Three-price linkage”of coal price,feed-in tariffs and consumer electricity price分時電價、階梯電價

38、機制Time-of-Use Tariffs&Tiered Pricing Mechanism 引導用戶削峰填谷Guiding consumers to cut peak and fillvalley 設定階梯電價分檔標準Settingtiered electricity tariffstandards 加價電費資金管理使用制度The management and use system ofincreasedelectricitytariff抽水蓄能價格形成機制Pricing Mechanism for Pumped Storage 競爭方式Competition mode 成本回收與分攤機制C

39、ost recovery and sharing mechanism 收益分享機制Revenue sharing mechanism 獨立市場主體地位Independent market entity status03 電力市場改革Power Market ReformPower Market Reform增量配電業務改革穩步推進，售電公司管理更加精細化。截至2021年底，中國共計開展增量配電業務改革試點459個，206個增量配電項目獲得電力業務許可證；全國已注冊售電公司約5000家，向用戶提供購售電業務、合同能源管理和綜合節能等多種服務。TheThe reformreform of of i

40、ncrementalincremental distributiondistribution businessbusiness is is steadilysteadily promoted,promoted,andand thethemanagementmanagement of of powerpower salessales companiescompanies is is moremore refinedrefined.By the end of 2021,China has established 459 pilot projects ofincremental distributi

41、on business reform,and 206 incremental distribution projects have obtained power business licenses.Around 5000 power sales companies have registered to provide services in power purchase&sales business,contract energymanagement,andcomprehensiveenergyconservation.03 電力市場改革Power Power Market ReformMar

42、ket ReformI.Profile of EPPEIChina Electric Power Planning&Engineering Institute(EPPEI)is a national-level high-end consultingandknowledge-intensive consultinginstitutionwithahistoryof70years.of Proven Track Record70 yearsGovernmentAuthoritiesFinancialInstitutionsEnergy EnterprisesIndustrial PolicyDevelopment StrategyDevelopment PlanningNew TechnologyProject EvaluationConsulting&Technical ServicesProfile of EPPEIProfile of EPPEI謝 謝ThanksThanks地址：北京市西城區安德路65號郵政編碼：100120電話：010-58388230 傳真：010-82086966 郵箱：No.65 Ande Road,Xicheng District,Beijing,100120Tel:010-58388230 Fax:82086966 E-mail: