中國貿促會：2022年度中國營商環境研究報告（中英文版）（160頁）.pdf

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1、2022 年度中國營商環境研究報告中國貿促會貿易投資促進部中國貿促會研究院編輯委員會會世貝委進促回刃臼川A位際單國辦國主中編篡部門中國國際貿易促進委員會貿易投資促進部中國國際貿易促進委員會研究院總編輯李慶霜中國國際貿易促進委員會貿易投資促進部部長史冬立中國國際貿易促進委員會貿易投資促進部二級巡視員劉英奎中國國際貿易促進委員會研究院副院長執行編輯謝睿哲 中國國際貿易促進委員會貿易投資促進部投資促進處處長馬磊 中國國際貿易促進委員會貿易投資促進部投資促進處副處長袁芳 中國國際貿易促進委員會貿易投資促進部投資促進處副處長項目統籌劉英奎謝睿哲馬磊袁芳王建軍劉彥辰張紅陽撰稿劉英奎敦志剛李暖秦邦旋蔡孟玉校

2、對李竣秦邦援黃玲妹1前言一、研究背景和意義優化營商環境是中國政府根據新形勢新發展新要求作出的重大決策部署。習近平總書記在中國共產黨第二十次全國代表大會報告中強調，要完善產權保護、市場準入、公平競爭、社會信用等市場經濟基礎制度，優化營商環境。2022 年政府工作報告繼續提出，要圍繞打造市場化法治化國際化營商環境，持續推進“放管服”改革。近年來，盡管面對疫情沖擊、經濟下行壓力增大等不利因素，中國優化營商環境工作仍取得了一定成效。國家稅務總局數據顯示，2022 年前 5個月，全國新辦涉稅市場主體 554.7 萬戶，同比增長 6.2%。國家統計局最新數據顯示，2022 年前三季度國內生產總值約 87

3、萬億元，按不變價格計算，同比增長 3.0%，比上半年加快 0.5 個百分點；分產業看，第一、二、三產業分別同比增長 4.2%、3.9%、2.3%。目前，全球疫情仍在持續，世界經濟復蘇動力不足，大宗商品價格高位波動，外部環境更趨復雜嚴峻和不確定。中國經濟發展則面臨需求收縮、供給沖擊、預期轉弱三重壓力，消費和投資恢復遲緩，穩出口難度增大，中小微企業、個體工商戶生產經營困難等問題。因此，進一步優化營商環境、激發市場活力，仍是當前需要持續關注的重大問題，營造一流營商環境任務艱巨、意義重大。為充分發揮貿促系統資源優勢，協助有關部門優化營商環境，中國貿促會貿易投資促進部（以下簡稱“促進部”）、貿促會研究院

4、（以下簡稱“研究院”）自 2016 年起連續六年開展中國投資（營商）環境調查、發布年度報告。在此基礎上，2022 年課題組繼續開展營商環境調研及報告編制工作，旨在密切跟蹤、分析中國營商環境變化，全面客觀反映營商環境建設成就及存在的問題，并研提意見建議，進一步激發企業創造力和市場活力，促進經濟社會穩定健康發展。2二、研究方法本課題研究綜合運用問卷調查、實地調研、企業座談、對比分析及文獻分析等方法。（一）問卷調查（一）問卷調查2022 年 5-9 月，中國貿促會促進部與研究院聯合地方貿促會、行業分會及中國貿促會自貿試驗區服務中心，組織開展 2022 年度中國營商環境企業問卷（詳見附件）調查工作，共

5、回收問卷 7657 份，其中線上收集 5372 份，線下收集 2285 份，江西、湖北、廣西、甘肅、山西、福建、湖南收集問卷均超過 300 份。通過企業問卷調查，課題組獲取了不同地區、行業及所有制企業的相關數據，為開展全國性營商環境分析與評價提供了客觀數據支撐。（二）實地調研（二）實地調研2022 年 4-9 月，課題組分赴云南、江西、江蘇等地調研，實地走訪了江西南昌高新技術產業園、江蘇自貿區南京片區等超 20 個園區，與 700 余家企業開展座談，得到了各地政府、協會、園區管委會和企業的大力支持。課題組與園區管委會成員以及企業代表面對面深入交流，從不同角度了解到各地營商環境現狀、成就及問題，

6、與企業調查問卷信息相互印證、相互補充，為全面、客觀評價中國營商環境提供了支持。（三）線上座談（三）線上座談2022 年 4-9 月，為在做好疫情防控的同時穩步推進中國營商環境調研工作，課題組聯合廣西、湖北貿促會舉行線上營商環境調研，與超 200 家企業進行座談，掌握了豐富的一手資料。（四）對比分析（四）對比分析課題組選取 2022 年中國營商環境相關數據與 2021 年進行橫向、縱向比較研究，從而獲得不同地區、不同行業（傳統制造業、高技術產業、資源行業、建筑業、服務業等）及不同性質企業（國有及國有3控股企業、私營企業、中外合資合作企業、外商獨資企業等）間的動態變化狀況，深入了解不同地區、行業和

7、企業間營商環境差異、特點與趨勢，推廣各地優化營商環境經驗模式，促進各地互學互鑒、共同提高。（五）文獻分析（五）文獻分析課題組對國內外文獻資料進行搜集梳理，查閱世界銀行、聯合國貿發大會等國際組織、國家發展改革委、商務部、國家市場監管總局及國家統計局等部委在優化營商環境方面的資料。此外，江西、廣西、湖北、甘肅、天津等地貿促會及地方貿促支會也提供了營商環境相關資料，進一步豐富了報告內容。三、評價指標在參照 2021 年中國貿促會營商環境評價指標體系、借鑒吸收世界銀行營商環境評價指標的基礎上，課題組結合本年度實際情況，完善了 2022 年度中國營商環境評價指標體系及相應企業調查問卷。經過反復論證分析，

8、2022 年度中國營商環境評價指標體系由 12個一級指標和 48 個二級指標組成。各一級指標由二級指標加權平均得出（表 0-1），綜合評價由企業一級指標取算數平均得出。12 個一級指標包括基礎設施環境、生活服務環境、政策政務環境、社會信用環境、公平競爭環境、社會法治環境、科技創新環境、人力資源環境、金融服務環境、財稅服務環境、海關服務環境以及企業設立和退出環境。表表 0-10-12022022 2 年度中國營商環境普遍調查評價指標及其權重設置年度中國營商環境普遍調查評價指標及其權重設置一級指標（一級指標（1212 個）個）二級指標（二級指標（4848 個）和企業自主填寫指標（個）和企業自主填寫

9、指標（1111 個）個）基礎設施環境交通運輸（1/5）網絡通信（1/5）環保設施（1/5）水電氣供應（1/5）城市規劃和建設（1/5）生活服務環境居住條件（1/6）醫療衛生（1/6）文體設施（1/6）教育水平（1/6）環境保護（1/6）社會治安（1/6）政策政務環境政策公平性（1/5）政府服務效率（1/5）政策執行力度（1/5）官員廉潔程度（1/5）可預見性（1/5）4社會信用環境失信懲戒、守信獎勵機制建設（1/3）政府信用度（1/3）征信體系建設（1/3）公平競爭環境市場監管（1/5）行政壟斷治理（2/5）政府采購（1/5）市場準入（1/5）社會法治環境人大立法與法律監督（1/6）政府依法行

10、政（1/6）法院按期審結案件（1/6）仲裁院按期審結案件（1/6）法院判決與仲裁裁決執行（1/6）知識產權保護（1/6）科技創新環境研發抵扣政策實施（1/5）知識產權抵押（1/5）產學研結合（1/5）創業孵化服務（1/5）公共服務平臺建設（1/5）企業自主填寫指標（企業自主填寫指標（2 2 個）：個）：企業科技研發投入、知識產權辦理周期人力資源環境熟練勞動力的可獲得性（1/4）中高層管理人員的可獲得性（1/4）社會專業化人才的可獲得性（1/4）創新創業人才的可得性（1/4）企業自主填寫指標企業自主填寫指標（2 2 個個）：人工成本占總成本比重；人工成本年均上漲幅度金融服務環境融資便利性（1/2

11、）融資渠道多元化（1/2）企業自主填寫指標企業自主填寫指標（2 2 個個）：融資成本占總成本比重；融資成本年均上漲幅度財稅服務環境財稅執法規范性（1/2）申退稅辦理時間（1/2）企業自主填寫指標企業自主填寫指標（5 5 個個）：稅費繳納次數、稅費繳納耗時、總費率、總稅率、出口退稅到賬時間海關服務環境貨物通關（1/3）檢驗檢疫（1/3）人員出入境（1/3）企業設立和退出環境土地獲?。?/3）環保手續（1/3）破產手續辦理（1/3）5四、受訪企業構成（一）七成以上受訪企業為私營企業（一）七成以上受訪企業為私營企業本次調研中，76.3%的受訪企業是私營企業；國有及國有控股企業（以下簡稱國有企業）及其

12、他所有制企業占比均約為 7.2%；外商獨資企業占 5.4%；中外合資合作企業占 4.0%。（二（二）傳統制造業企業占三分之一傳統制造業企業占三分之一33.2%的受訪企業來自傳統制造業；21.2%來自服務行業；11.3%來自高新技術產業；3.3%來自建筑業；2.6%來自資源行業；29.6%來自其他行業。（三）小微企業占比近七成（三）小微企業占比近七成68.4%的受訪企業規模在 100 人及以下，屬小微企業；22.4%規模在 100500人；6.8%規模在 5002000 人；2.5%規模在 2000 人及以上，屬超大型企業。（四）近七成受訪企業持續經營超（四）近七成受訪企業持續經營超五年五年5.

13、6%的受訪企業為開辦不足一年的新企業；14.1%連續經營 13 年；12%連續經營 35 年；68.3%經營時間在 5年以上。6五、主要結論（一）（一）2022 年企業對中國營商環境整體評價良好年企業對中國營商環境整體評價良好當前，世界形勢更趨復雜嚴峻和不確定，中國發展面臨的風險挑戰明顯增多。2022 年，黨中央和國務院統籌疫情防控和經濟社會發展，統籌發展和安全，繼續做好“六穩”“六?！惫ぷ?，持續改善民生，著力穩定宏觀經濟大盤，保持經濟運行在合理區間。2022 年中國營商環境評價為 4.38 分，與 2021 年持平。在 12 個一級指標中，6 個指標評價較 2021 年有所提高，1 個持平，

14、5 個下降。其中，社會信用環境評價最高，其次是財稅服務環境、社會法治環境、海關服務環境和公平競爭環境；金融服務環境、人力資源環境評價相對較低。中部地區、中外合資合作企業及資源行業評價較高。雙循環新格局和”一帶一路“高質量發展為西部地區帶來了巨大發展機遇，在政府、有關服務機構以及廣大企業的共同努力下，2022 年中國西部地區營商環境評價提升顯著。2022 年，新冠疫情影響持續擴大，近九成企業受到疫情不同程度消極影響，收入同比增長的企業較 2021 年降低 13.2 個百分點。47%的企業反映供應鏈受影響，半數已采取或可能采取縮減開支、調整經營策略的措施應對疫情沖擊。盡管生產經營面臨諸多困難，但僅

15、有7%的企業對未來發展持“悲觀”態度。為盡可能減少疫情影響，超六成企業希政府能提供疫情補貼和加大稅收減免力度，幫助企業度過難關。與此同時，2022 年有超七成企業實現收入增長?！袄帽镜刭Y源”和“開拓市場”是企業本年度開展投資的主因?！俺杀咎岣摺焙汀笆袌龈偁幖ち摇笔瞧髽I生產經營中遇到的主要問題。企業盼政府進一步優化政策政務環境，引進上下游配套和商貿物流企業，助力企業恢復生產經營秩序。（二）中國營商環境持續優化（二）中國營商環境持續優化7一是營商環境創新改革“從點到面”。一是營商環境創新改革“從點到面”。2022 年 10 月，黨中央國務院決定在全國范圍內復制推廣一批營商環境創新試點改革舉措，“

16、從點到面”擴大改革效果，推動全國營商環境整體改善。二是法治化營商環境日趨完善。二是法治化營商環境日趨完善。2022 年，各立法、司法、執法機關多措并舉，從完善法律體系、提高知識產權保護水平，維護市場公平與健康發展等方面推進法治化營商環境建設。三是全國統一大市場逐漸形成。三是全國統一大市場逐漸形成。2022 年 4 月，黨中央國務院提出加快建設全國統一大市場。各地各部門出臺了相關規范措施，跨區跨部門的制度性交易成本逐漸降低，市場壁壘逐步打破。四是外資企業在華投資信心不斷增強。四是外資企業在華投資信心不斷增強。穩外資是擴大對外開放的重要抓手，黨中央國務院先后出臺多項文件政策幫助外資企業紓難解困。此

17、外，貿促會設立服務外資企業工作專班，進一步堅定外企扎根中國信心底氣。五是全方位助力科技創新。五是全方位助力科技創新。習近平總書記指出，科技是第一生產力，創新是第一動力。2022 年，中國加強頂層制度創新引領，健全科技成果轉化機，提高財稅扶持力度，不斷激活企業創新活力。9第一章中國營商環境總體評價調查問卷顯示，受訪企業對2022年中國營商環境整體評分為4.38分，與 2021 年持平。四成以上受訪企業對中國營商環境“非常滿意”，超六成認為近三年營商環境有所改善。一、營商環境評價總體良好（一（一）四四成以上受訪企業對營商環成以上受訪企業對營商環境境“非常非常滿意滿意”受訪企業對中國營商環境總體滿意

18、度較高，評價“非常滿意”的占42.89%；“比較滿意”的占 53.57%；“一般”的占 3.49%；僅 0.05%認為中國營商環境“較差”。（二（二）六六成受訪成受訪企業認為企業認為近三年近三年營商環境有所改善營商環境有所改善認為近三年中國營商環境“有很大改善”的受訪企業占 30.81%；認為“有一些改善”的占 33.19%；9.59%認為“沒有改善”；26.4%認為“惡化”（包括“嚴重惡化”和“有所惡化”），該比例高于 2021 年（6.2%）。（三）（三）受訪企業對中國營商環境整體評價受訪企業對中國營商環境整體評價“良好良好”，社會信用指社會信用指標標評價評價最最高高受訪企業對 2022

19、年中國營商環境評價為 4.38 分，與 2021 年持平，達到良好水平。其中，社會信用指標評價最高，為 4.53 分；財注：本報告第一章、第二章、第三章中涉及的數據，主要來源于 2022 年度中國貿促會組織的營商環境企業問卷調查。10稅服務（4.52 分）和社會法治（4.50 分）指標評價達到優秀水平。人力資源指標評價最低，為 4.06 分，其次是金融服務指標，為 4.11 分。受訪企業對 2022 年中國營商環境整體評價與 2021 年持平。12個一級指標中，6 個指標評價有所提高，其中企業設立和退出指標評價提高幅度最大，為 0.07 分；其次是基礎設施（提高 0.05 分）和社會信用（提高

20、 0.02 分）指標；科技創新、人力資源指標評價均提高0.02 分；財稅服務指標評價與 2021 年持平。二、中部地區評價最高，西部地區評價提升多分地區來看，中部地區受訪企業營商環境評價最高（4.47 分）；西部地區評價居中（4.32 分）；東部地區評價最低（4.31 分）。與 2021 年相比，2022 年西部地區營商環境評價提高 0.14 分；東部、中部地區受到新冠疫情等客觀因素影響較大，營商環境評價負增長，分別下降 0.25 分、0.02分。三、中外合資合作企業評價最高，私營企業評價最低分所有制看，中外合資合作企業對中國營商環境評價最高，為114.51 分；私營企業評價最低，為 4.32

21、 分。外商獨資企業、其他所有制企業和國有企業評價居中，分別為 4.47分、4.41 分和 4.36 分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年其他所有制企業評價提高 0.21 分；其次是外商獨資企業（提高 0.01 分）；國有企業、私營企業和中外合資合作企業評價有所下降，分別降低 0.09 分、0.04 分和 0.01 分。四、資源行業評價最高，高新技術產業評價最低分行業看，資源行業對中國營商環境評價最高，為4.53 分；其次是建筑行業，為 4.46 分；高新技術行業和其他行業評價最低，均為4.32 分；傳統制造業和服務行業評價居中，均為 4.36分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑行業對中

22、國營商環境評價提高最多（提高 0.23 分）；其次是資源行業和服務行業，分別提高 0.14 分和0.11 分；其他行業對中國營商環境評價下降較多（降低 0.09 分）；傳統制造業和高新技術產業對營商環境評價分別降低 0.07 分和 0.05分。12第二章營商環境細分指標評價中國營商環境指標評價體系主要包括基礎設施、政策政務、社會信用、海關服務環境等 12 個一級指標和 48 個二級指標。企業問卷調查顯示，2022 年受訪企業對中國營商環境總體評價良好，6 個一級指標評價較 2021 年有所提升。一、基礎設施：環保設施評價高，中部地區評價提升基礎設施環境指標細分為交通運輸、網絡通信、水電氣供應、

23、環保設施及城市規劃和建設 5 個二級指標。2022 年受訪企業對基礎設施環境評價為 4.40 分，較 2021 年提高 0.05 分，在 12 個一級指標中排名第 8。（一）（一）環保設施環保設施評價高，交通運輸指標評價低評價高，交通運輸指標評價低從二級指標看，環保設施指標評價最高（4.45 分），其次是水電氣供應（4.42 分）；交通運輸指標評價最低，為4.35 分；網絡通信、城市規劃和建設評價居中，分別為4.41 分和 4.38 分。與 2021 年相比，交通運輸指標評價提升最多（0.12 分），其次是城市規劃、建設與環保設施指標，評價均提高 0.05 分；網絡通信指標評價增長 0.03

24、分；水電氣供應評價下降 0.01 分，是基礎設施環境指標中唯一出現負增長的二級指標。13（二）中部地區評價高（二）中部地區評價高，東，東部地區評價負增長部地區評價負增長分地區看，中部地區對基礎設施指標評價最高，為 4.52 分，較 2021 年提高 0.08 分；西部地區為 4.46 分，較 2021 年提高 0.31分；東部地區評價為 4.43 分，較2021 年下降 0.1 分。（三）（三）中外合資合作中外合資合作企業評價較高，企業評價較高，私營私營企業評價較低企業評價較低不同所有制企業對基礎設施環境評價有一定差異。其中，中外合資合作企業（4.51 分）評價最高；國有企業、外商獨資企業、其

25、他企業評價居中，均為 4.50 分；私營企業評價最低（4.46 分）。與 2021 年相比，其他所有制企業評價提升最多（提高 0.36 分），其次是私營企業和國有企業，均提高 0.12 分。外商獨資企業和中外合資合作企業評價有所提升，分別提高 0.02 分和 0.04 分。（四（四）資源行業資源行業評價評價較高較高，高新技術產業高新技術產業評價評價較低較低分行業看，資源行業對基礎設施環境評價最高，為 4.63 分；其次是建筑行業，評價為 4.57 分；14高新技術產業評價最低，為 4.41 分；服務行業、傳統制造業和其他行業評價居中，分別為 4.54 分、4.46 分和 4.44 分。與 20

26、21 年相比，2022 年建筑行業和資源行業評價提升明顯，分別提高 0.37 分和 0.30 分；其次是服務行業（提高 0.27 分）；高新技術產業、其他行業和傳統制造業評價略有提升，分別提高 0.09 分、0.08 分、0.06 分。二、生活服務：環境保護獲好評，文體設施評價較低生活服務環境指標細分為居住條件、醫療衛生、文體設施、教育水平、環境保護和社會治安 6 個二級指標。2022 年受訪企業對生活服務環境總體評價為 4.30 分，較 2021 年提高 0.05 分，在 12 個一級指標中排名第 10。（一）（一）環境保護環境保護指標評價指標評價最高最高，文體設施指標評價較低，文體設施指標

27、評價較低從二級指標來看，環境保護評分最高，為 4.40 分；文體設施指標評分最低，為4.23 分；居住條件、教育水平、社會治安、醫療衛生評價分別為4.32 分、4.30 分、4.27分、4.25 分。與 2021 年相比，教育水平評價提升最多（提高 0.09 分）；環境保護評價提升 0.04 分；文體設施評價持平；社會治安、居住條件和醫療衛生評價均出現負增長，分別降低 0.26 分、0.04 分和 0.03 分。15（二）中部地區評價高，（二）中部地區評價高，東東部地區評價部地區評價較較低低分地區看，中部地區對生活服務環境評價較高（4.35分），但較 2021 年下降 0.08分；西部地區評價

28、為 4.31 分，較 2021 年提高 0.17 分；東部地區評價負增長，較 2021 年下降 0.26 分，僅 4.21 分。（三）（三）其他制其他制企業評價較高，企業評價較高，國有及國有控股國有及國有控股制企業評價較低制企業評價較低從所有制角度看，其他所有制企業對生活服務環境評價最高（4.44分）；外商獨資企業評價較高（4.33 分）、中外合資合作企業（4.30 分）和私營企業（4.29 分）評價居中；國有企業評價最低（4.28 分）。與 2021 年相比，其他所有制企業對生活服務環境評價提升最多（提高 0.27 分）。中外合資合作企業、外商獨資企業、國有企業和私營企業評價均負增長，分別降

29、低 0.14 分、0.10 分、0.08 分和 0.03分。（四）（四）建筑建筑業評價較高，業評價較高，高新技術行業高新技術行業評價較低評價較低分行業看，建筑業對生活服務環境評價價最高，為 4.47 分；其次是資源行業，評價為 4.41 分；高新技術產業評價最低，為 4.24 分；服務行業、傳統制造業和其他行業評價居中，分別為 4.37 分、4.28分和 4.25 分。16與 2021 年相比，建筑行業和服務行業評價提升較多，分別為 0.33 分和 0.12分；資源行業評價略有上升（提高 0.08分）；傳統制造業、其他行業和高新技術行業評價有所下降，分別降低 0.09 分、0.09 分和 0.

30、05 分。三、政策政務：官員廉潔程度評價最高，西部評價提升多政策政務環境指標可細分為政策執行力度、政策公平性、政府服務效率及官員廉潔程度 4 個二級指標。2022 年受訪企業對政策政務環境評價為 4.37 分，較 2021 年降低 0.08 分，在 12 個一級指標中排名第 9。（一（一）官員廉潔程度指標評價最高官員廉潔程度指標評價最高，政策執行力度指標評價較低政策執行力度指標評價較低從二級指標看，官員廉潔程度得分最高，為4.40 分，達到優秀水平；其次是政府服務效率指標，（4.38 分）；政策執行力度和政策公平性評價也較好，分別為 4.36 分、4.37分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年

31、四個二級指標評價均有下降，政策公平性指標下降最少（降低 0.07 分）；其次是政府服務效率指標，降低0.08 分；官員廉潔程度和政策執行力度分別降低 0.12 分和 0.09 分。（二）中部地區評價最高，東部地區評價負增長（二）中部地區評價最高，東部地區評價負增長17分地區看，中部地區對政策政務環境評價最高，為4.43分，較上年降低0.12分；西部地區評價為 4.38 分，較上年提高最多（提高 0.13分）；東部地區評價僅 4.28分，較上年下降 0.33 分。（三（三）外商獨資外商獨資、其他所有制企業評價較高其他所有制企業評價較高，國有企業評價較低國有企業評價較低從所有制角度看，外商獨資企業

32、和其他所有制企業評價最高，均為4.40 分。私營企業（4.37分）和中外合資合作企業（4.34 分）評價較高，國有企業評分最低僅 4.30分。與 2021 年相比，其它所有制企業評價提高 0.19 分，私營企業評價降低 0.07 分，外商獨資企業、國有企業評價分別降低 0.12 分、0.20分，中外合資合作企業評價下降較多，較 2021 年降低 0.26 分。（四）資源行業評價較（四）資源行業評價較高，多行業評價負增長高，多行業評價負增長分行業看，資源行業對政策政務環境評價分值最高，為 4.51 分；其次是建筑業，為 4.48 分；高新技術產業評價最低，為 4.33 分；服務行業、其他行業和傳

33、統制造業18三個行業評價居中，分別為 4.40 分、4.36 分和 4.34 分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑業對政策政務環境評價提升較多，提高 0.28 分；資源行業、服務行業評價略有提升，均比上年提高 0.08分；傳統制造業、高新技術產業和其他行業評價負增長，分別降低0.17 分、0.14 分和 0.09 分。四、社會信用：指標評價第一，社會信用度指標評價高社會信用環境細分為社會信用度、征信體系建設及失信懲戒、守信獎勵機制 3 個二級指標。2022 年受訪企業對社會信用環境評價總體較好（4.53 分），在 12 個一級指標中排名第 1 位。（一（一）社會信用度指標評分高社會信用度

34、指標評分高，失信懲戒失信懲戒、守信獎勵機制建設指守信獎勵機制建設指標需加強標需加強從二級指標看，社會信用度指標（4.53 分）得分最高，其次是征信體系建設（4.52 分）指標，二者均達到優秀水平；失信懲戒、守信獎勵機制建設評價為 4.47分，相對較低。與 2021 年相比，2022 年征信體系建設指標評價提升最多（提高0.14 分）；其次是失信懲戒、守信獎勵機制建設指標（提高 0.11 分）；社會信用度評價提高 0.07 分。（二）西部地區提升多，東（二）西部地區提升多，東部地區評價負增長部地區評價負增長分地區看，中部地區對社會信用環境評價最高，為 4.59 分，較上年提高 0.01 分；西部

35、地區較19上年提高最多，評價為 4.52 分，提高 0.20 分；東部地區評價負增長，較上年下降 0.17 分，僅 4.50 分。（三）（三）中外合資合作中外合資合作企業評價最高，私營企業評價居中企業評價最高，私營企業評價居中從所有制角度看，中外合資合作企業（4.60 分）評價最高；其次是其他所有制企業（4.58 分）和外商獨資企業（4.57 分）；私營企業評分最低（4.52分），國有企業評價居中（4.55 分）。與 2021 年相比，其他所有制企業評價提升最多（提高 0.27 分），私營企業、國有企業和外商獨資企業評價亦有所提高，分別提升 0.02分、0.01 分和 0.01 分。中外合資合

36、作企業評價負增長，降低 0.05 分。（四）建筑業評價明顯提高，三行業評價負增長（四）建筑業評價明顯提高，三行業評價負增長分行業看，建筑業對社會信用環境評價最高，為 4.65 分；其次是資源行業和服務行業，評價分別為4.62 分和 4.57 分；高新技術產業評價最低，為 4.49 分；傳統制造業和其他行業評分居中，分別為 4.53 分和 4.51 分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑業和服務行業評價提升明顯，分別提高 0.39 分和 0.22 分；資源行業評價略有提升，比上年提高 0.15 分；20傳統制造業、高新技術產業和其他行業評價出現下降，分別降低 0.02分、0.03 分和 0.

37、04 分。五、公平競爭：市場監管評價高，二級指標評價均提升公平競爭環境細分為市場監管、行政壟斷、政府采購及市場準入4 個二級指標。受訪企業對公平競爭環境總體評價良好，總體得分為4.46 分，在 12 個一級指標中排名第 5 位。（一（一）市場監管指標評價較高市場監管指標評價較高，政府采購政府采購、行政壟斷指標評價較行政壟斷指標評價較低低從二級指標看，市場監管得分最高，為 4.50 分；市場準入得分居中，為 4.48 分；政府采購和行政壟斷得分較低，分別為 4.45 分、4.44 分。與 2021 年相比，政府采購和市場準入指標評價提升最多（0.03 分）；其次是市場監管，提高 0.02 分；行

38、政壟斷評價提高 0.01 分。（二）中部地區評價高，（二）中部地區評價高，西部地區評價提升多西部地區評價提升多中部地區對公平競爭環境評價最高，為 4.53 分，較上年降低 0.01 分；西部地區評價較上年提高最多（提高 0.19 分），評價為 4.43 分；東部地區評價負增長，較上年下降 0.20 分，僅 4.42 分。（三（三）其他所有制企業評價提升多其他所有制企業評價提升多，國有國有、中外合資合作中外合資合作企業評企業評21價負增長價負增長從所有制角度看，中外合資合作企業，外商獨資企業（4.54 分）評價較高；其次是其他所有制企業（4.50分）；國有企業和私營企業評價較低，分別為 4.46

39、 分和 4.44 分。與 2021 年相比，2022年不同所有制企業對公平競爭環境均有提高。其中，其他所有制企業評價上升最多（提高 0.33 分）；其次是中外合資合作企業，評價提高 0.13 分；國有企業、外商獨資和私營企業評價分別提高 0.06 分、0.02 分和 0.01 分。（四（四）建筑行業評價提升多建筑行業評價提升多，傳統制造業傳統制造業、高新技術產業和其他高新技術產業和其他行業評價負增長行業評價負增長分行業看，資源行業對公平競爭環境評價分值最高，為 4.60 分；其次是建筑業和服務行業，分別為 4.56 分和4.48 分；高新技術產業評分最低，為 4.42 分；傳統制造業和其他行業

40、評分居中，分別為 4.45 分和 4.43 分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑業、服務行業和資源行業評價提升明顯，分別提高 0.16 分、0.20 分和 0.34 分；傳統制造業、高新技術產業和其他行業評價出現下降，分別降低 0.05 分、0.04 分和 0.03分。22六、社會法治：法律監督和依法行政評價高，外資企業評價高社會法治環境可細分為法律監督、政府依法行政、法院與仲裁按期審結案件、法院判決與仲裁裁決執行和知識產權保護 5 個二級指標。2022 年，社會法治環境整體評價較好，總得分為 4.50 分，在 12 個一級指標中排名第 3 位。（一）法律監督得分最高，（一）法律監督得分

41、最高，二級指標多二級指標多呈負增長呈負增長從二級指標看，法律監督得分最高，為 4.52 分；政府依法行政和知識產權保護得分居中，分別為 4.52 分和4.50 分；法院、仲裁按期審結案件和法院判決與仲裁裁決執行得分較低，分別為4.48 分、4.47 分。與 2021 年相比，法院判決與仲裁指標評價下降最多（降低 0.02分）；其次是政府依法行政和法院、仲裁按期審結案件，均降低 0.01分。法律監督和知識產權保護評價與 2021 年持平。（二）中部地區評價得分高（二）中部地區評價得分高，東部地區評價負增長，東部地區評價負增長分地區看，中部地區對社會法治環境評價最高，為4.54 分；西部地區評價居

42、中，為 4.49 分；東部地區較低，僅 4.47 分。與 2021 年相比，西部地區評價提高 0.16 分，中部地區評價降低 0.04 分，東部地區評價降低 0.21 分。23（三）外商獨資企業評價較高，私營企業評價較低（三）外商獨資企業評價較高，私營企業評價較低從所有制角度看，外商獨資企業（4.56分）評價最高，中外合資合作企業（4.54 分）、其他所有制企業（4.54分）評價居中，私營企業（4.49 分）、國有企業企業（4.50 分）評價較低。與 2021 年相比，其他所有制企業評價提升最多（提高 0.29 分）。中外合資合作企業、國有企業、私營企業和外商獨資企業評價均負增長，分別降低 0

43、.13 分、0.06 分、0.02 分和 0.01 分。（四）建筑業評價高，高新技術產業評價低（四）建筑業評價高，高新技術產業評價低分行業看，建筑業對社會法治環境評價最高，為 4.62 分；其次是資源行業和服務行業，分別為4.59 分和 4.53 分；高新技術產業評分最低，為4.44 分；傳統制造業和其他行業評分居中，為 4.51分和 4.45 分。與 2021 年相比，建筑業對社會法治環境評價提升最多（提高 0.30分），其次是服務行業和資源行業，分別提高 0.17 分和 0.09 分。其他行業、高新技術產業和傳統制造業企業評價負增長，分別較低 0.08分、0.07 分和 0.04 分。24

44、七、科技創新：二級指標評價相近，國有企業評價提升多科技創新環境細分為研發抵扣政策實施、知識產權抵押、產學研結合、創業孵化服務和公共服務平臺建設 5 個二級指標?？萍紕撔颅h境指標評分為 4.45 分，在 12 個一級指標中排名第 6 位。（一）二級指標評價相近，（一）二級指標評價相近，研發抵扣政策實施獲較高評價研發抵扣政策實施獲較高評價科技創新環境 5 個二級指標得分相近。其中，研發抵扣政策實施得分最高，為 4.47 分；其次是公共服務平臺建設，為 4.46 分；知識產權抵押和產學研結合評價稍低，分別為 4.45 分和 4.44 分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年產學研結合和公共服務平臺建設

45、指標評價提升較多，均提高 0.03 分；其次是創業孵化服務（提高 0.02 分）和知識產權抵押（提高 0.01 分）；研發抵扣政策實施指標評價與 2021年持平。（二）（二）西部地區評價提升較大，東中部地區評價負增長西部地區評價提升較大，東中部地區評價負增長分地區看，中部地區對科技創新環境評價最高，為 4.50 分，西部地區評價（4.44 分）居中，東部地區評價負增長，僅 4.42 分。與 2021 年相比，西部地區評價提高 0.20 分，中部地區評價降低 0.03 分，東部地區評價降低 0.19 分。（三）（三）中外合資合作中外合資合作企業評價最高，其他所企業評價最高，其他所有有制企業評價低

46、制企業評價低25從所有制角度看，中外合資合作企業對科技創新環境評價最高，為 4.58 分；外商獨資企業（4.52 分）、其他所有制企業（4.49 分）和國有企業（4.47 分）評價居中；私營企業（4.44 分）評分最低。與 2021 年相比，其他所有制企業對科技創新環境評價提升最多（提高 0.30 分），其次是外商獨資企業（提高 0.05 分），國有企業及中外合資合作企業評價負增長，分別降低 0.02 分和 0.01 分。私營企業評價與 2021 年持平。（四）（四）資源行業資源行業評價較高，三行業評價降低評價較高，三行業評價降低分行業看，資源行業對科技創新環境評價最高，為4.58分；其次是建

47、筑業、服務行業和傳統制造業，分別為 4.56 分、4.48 分和4.46 分；高新技術產業、其他行業評分較低，分別為 4.44 分、4.40 分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑業、服務行業和資源行業評價提升明顯，分別提高 0.33 分、0.20 分和 0.16 分；傳統制造業、高新技術產業和其他行業評價負增長，分別降低 0.03 分、0.02 分和 0.06 分。八、人力資源：評價排名末位，社會專業化人才可獲得性評價低人力資源環境細分為熟練勞動力的可獲得性、中高層管理人員的可獲得性、創新創業人才資源可得性、社會專業化人才的可獲得性 4個二級指標。2022 年，人力資源環境評價在 12

48、個一級指標中排名末26位，僅 4.06 分。（一（一）熟練勞動力評價較高熟練勞動力評價較高，創新創業人才資源可得性評價較低創新創業人才資源可得性評價較低從二級指標看，熟練勞動力的可獲得性評價相對較高，為 4.12 分；中高層管理人員的可獲得性和社會化專業人才的可獲得性評價較低，為 4.08 分和4.06 分；創新創業人才資源可得性評價最低，僅 4.01 分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年創新創業人才資源可得性指標（0.04 分）提升最多；中高層管理人員的可獲得性（0.03 分）和社會化專業人才的可獲得性（0.02 分）有所提升；熟練勞動力的可獲得性評價較上年提高 0.01 分。2022年，

49、受訪企業反映人工成本占總成本比重為26.75%，較2021年提高 0.48 個百分點，人工成本年均上漲 9.46%，較 2021 年提高 1.46個百分點。（二）西部地區評價顯著提高，東部地區評價最低（二）西部地區評價顯著提高，東部地區評價最低分地區看，西部地區對人力資源環境評價最高，為4.09分，較上年提高0.18分；中部地區得分為 4.08分，降低 0.03 分；東部地區評價負增長，為 4.00 分，較 2021 年下降 0.15 分。（三）其他所有制企業評價較高，（三）其他所有制企業評價較高，中外合資合作中外合資合作企業評價較低企業評價較低27從所有制角度看，其他所有制企業（4.18 分

50、）評價最高，其次是外商獨資企業（4.12 分）；中外合資合作企業評價最低，僅 4.03 分；國有企業和私營企業評價居中，分別為4.09 分和 4.05 分。與 2021 年相比，其他所有制企業評價提升最多（提高 0.16 分），其次是中外合資合作企業和私營企業，分別提高 0.06 分和 0.02 分。國有企業評價負增長，降低 0.08 分。外商獨資企業評價與 2021 年持平。（四）建筑業評價最高，高新技術產業評價較低（四）建筑業評價最高，高新技術產業評價較低分行業看，建筑業對人力資源環境評價分值最高，為 4.24 分；其次是資源行業，為 4.22分；高新技術產業評價最低，為 3.90 分；服

51、務行業、傳統制造業和其他行業評分居中，分別為 4.15 分、4.03 分和 4.07 分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年建筑業評價提升較多，提高 0.33 分；傳統制造業和服務行業評價有所提升，分別提高 0.06 分和 0.11 分；高新技術產業行業、其他行業和資源行業評價負增長，分別降低 0.04分、0.04 分和 0.09 分。九、金融服務：指標排名倒數第二，融資成本年度漲幅降低金融服務環境細分為融資便利性、融資渠道多元化 2 個二級指標。282022 年，受訪企業對金融服務環境總體評價較低，為 4.11 分，在 12個一級指標中排名第 11 位。（一）二級指標評分較低，指標間差異不大

52、（一）二級指標評分較低，指標間差異不大從二級指標看，融資便利性評分為 4.13 分，融資渠道多元化為 4.10 分。與 2021年相比，2022 年兩指標評價均負增長，其中融資便利性降低 0.05 分，融資渠道多元化降低 0.06 分。2022 年受訪企業融資成本率（融資成本占總成本百分比）為13.84%，較 2021 年下降 0.11 個百分點。（二）（二）西部地區評價顯著提高，東中部地區評價負增長西部地區評價顯著提高，東中部地區評價負增長分地區看，中部地區對金融服務環境評價最高，為 4.16 分，西部地區評價為 4.11 分，東部地區評價僅 4.08 分。與 2021 年相比，西部地區對金

53、融服務環境評價提升最多（提高 0.19 分），中部和東部地區評價負增長，分別降低 0.30 分和 0.16 分。（三）外商獨資企業評價較高，私營企業評價較低（三）外商獨資企業評價較高，私營企業評價較低從所有制角度看，外商獨資企業（4.18 分）評價最高；國有企業（4.14 分）、其他所有制企業（4.14 分）和中外合作、合資企業（4.1 229分）評價居中，私營企業評分最低（4.11 分）。與 2021 年相比，其他所有制企業評價提升最多（提高 0.23 分）。中外合資合作企業、外商獨資企業、國有企業和私營企業評價均負增長，分別降低 0.20 分、0.19 分、0.17 分和 0.04 分。（

54、四）建筑業、服務（四）建筑業、服務行行業業評價評價高，建筑業高，建筑業評價評價提升提升多多分行業看，建筑業、服務行業對金融服務環境評價最高，均為 4.18分；其次是傳統制造業和資源行業，分別為 4.12分和 4.11 分；高新技術產業評分最低，為 4.04 分；資源行業和其他行業評分居中，分別為 4.11 分和 4.09 分。與 2021 年相比，建筑業、服務行業對金融服務環境評價提升明顯，分別提高 0.24 分和 0.13 分；資源行業、其他行業、高新技術產業和傳統制造業評價負增長，分別降低 0.13 分、0.12 分、0.11 分和0.09 分。十、財稅服務：總體評價位列第二，二級指標評價

55、優秀財稅服務環境細分為財稅執法規范性、申退稅辦理時間兩個二級指標。2022 年企業對財稅服務環境（4.52 分）總體評分較高，在 12個一級指標中位列第二。（一）（一）二級指標二級指標評價均為優秀，評價均為優秀，但但較較 2021 年年均有均有降低降低從二級指標看，財稅執法規范性得分為 4.53 分，申退稅辦理時30間得分為 4.52 分。與2021年相比，2022年財稅執法規范性評價降低 0.01 分，申退稅辦理時間上升 0.01 分。具體來看，2022 年受訪企業反映平均稅費繳納次數從 12.55 次降低至 10.34 次；稅費繳納耗時從 7.25 小時上升至9.37 小時。（二）西部地區

56、評價顯著提高，東部地區評價（二）西部地區評價顯著提高，東部地區評價負增長負增長分地區看，中部地區對財稅服務環境評價最高，為4.55 分；西部地區評價居中，為 4.52 分；東部地區評價較低，為 4.50 分。與 2021 年相比，西部地區對財稅服務環境評價提高0.19 分。中部和東部地區評價有所下降，分別降低 0.05 分和 0.20 分。（三）其他企業評價提升多，大部分類型企業評價負增長（三）其他企業評價提升多，大部分類型企業評價負增長從所有制角度看，中 外 合 資 合 作 企 業（4.62 分）評價最高；外商獨資企業（4.61 分）、私營企業（4.52 分）評價居中。國有企業和其他所有制企

57、業評分較低（4.47 分）。31與 2021 年相比，其他所有制企業對財稅服務環境年度評價提高0.24 分，中外合資合作企業、國有企業、外商獨資企業評價負增長，分別降低 0.07 分、0.05 分和 0.02 分。私營企業對財稅服務環境評價與 2021 年持平。（四）資源行業評價較高，其他行業評價較低（四）資源行業評價較高，其他行業評價較低分行業看，資源行業對財稅服務環境評價最高，為 4.64 分；其次是建筑業、服務行業和傳統制造業，分別為 4.58 分、4.55 分和4.55 分；其他行業和高新技術產業評分較低，分別為 4.47 分和 4.49 分。與 2021 年相比，建筑業和服務行業對財

58、稅服務環境評價提升明顯，分別提高 0.27 分和 0.23 分；其次是資源行業，提高 0.20 分；其他行業、傳統制造業和高新技術產業評價負增長，分別降低 0.10 分、0.05 分和 0.02 分。十一、海關服務：檢驗檢疫評價高，二級指標評價負增長海關服務環境細分為貨物通關、檢驗檢疫和人員出入境 3 個二級指標。2022 年，受訪企業對海關服務環境評價較高（4.48 分），在12 個一級指標中排名第 4。（一）二級指標均在優秀范（一）二級指標均在優秀范疇，指標評價均有所降低疇，指標評價均有所降低從二級指標看，貨物通關和檢驗檢疫評價較高，分別為 4.48分和 4.49 分；人員出入境評價略低，

59、為 4.47 分。與 2021 年相比，322022 年各細分評價均有所降低，其中人員出入境和檢驗檢疫情降低0.03 分；貨物通關降低 0.04 分。（二）中部地區評價最高，西部地區評價顯著提高（二）中部地區評價最高，西部地區評價顯著提高分地區看，中部地區對海關服務環境評價最高，為 4.55分，東部地區評價為 4.48 分，西部地區評價為 4.43 分。與 2021 年相比，西部地區對海關服務環境評價提高0.15 分，中部和東部地區評價負增長，分別降低 0.07 分和 0.23 分。（三）其他所有制企業評價（三）其他所有制企業評價提升多提升多，部分企業評價負增長，部分企業評價負增長從所有制角度

60、看，中外合資合作企業（4.60分）評價最高；外商獨資企業（4.56 分）和私營企業（4.47 分）評價居中；其他所有制企業（4.45分）和國有企業評分較低（4.45 分）。與 2021 年相比，其他所有制企業對海關服務環境評價提升最多（提高 0.20 分），中外合資合作企業、國有企業、外商獨資企業和私營企業評價負增長，分別降低 0.10 分、0.08 分、0.05 分和 0.04 分。（四）資源行業評價高，（四）資源行業評價高，三三行業評價負增長行業評價負增長分行業看，資源行業和建筑行業對海關服務環境評價較高，分別為 4.56 分和 4.55 分；其次是傳統制造業，為 4.53 分；其他行業評

61、分較低，為 4.42 分；服務行業和高新技術產業評分居中，分別為 4.4633分和 4.44 分。與2021年相比，2022年建筑業評價提升明顯，提高 0.33 分；資源行業和服務行業評價分別提高0.07 分和 0.15 分；其他行業、傳統制造業、高新技術產業評價負增長，分別降低 0.10 分、0.09 分、0.06 分。十二、企業設立和退出：環保手續評價高，土地獲取評價提升多企業設立和退出環境細分為土地獲取、環保手續和破產手續辦理3 個二級指標。2021 年受訪企業對企業設立于退出環境評價為 4.43分，在 13 個指標中排名第 8。（一）環保手續評價較高，（一）環保手續評價較高，土地獲取評

62、價較低土地獲取評價較低從二級指標看，環保手續評價最高，為 4.44 分；破產手續辦理評價最低，為 4.42 分；土地獲取評價居中，為 4.43 分。與 2021 年相比，2022 年各細分評價均有所提升，其中土地獲取評價提高 0.09 分，破產手續辦理評價和環保手續評價均提高 0.06 分。（二（二）中中、西部地區評價提西部地區評價提升，東部評價負增長升，東部評價負增長分地區看，中部地區對企業設立和退出環境評價最高，為4.54分，西部地區評價為4.40分，東部地區評價為 4.39 分。34與 2021 年相比，西部地區對企業設立和退出環境評價提高 0.24分，中部地區評價提高 0.07 分，東

63、部地區評價負增長，降低 0.16 分。（三）其他所有制企業評價迅速提升，私營企業評價較低（三）其他所有制企業評價迅速提升，私營企業評價較低從所有制角度看，中外合資合作企業（4.55分）評價最高，其次是外商獨資企業（4.50 分）和其他企業（4.50 分）；私營企業（4.41 分）評分最低；國有企業評價居中，為 4.42 分。與 2021 年相比，其他企業對企業設立和退出環境評價提升最多（提高 0.31 分），其次是私營股企業（提高 0.07 分）和外商獨資企業（提高 0.03 分）。中外合資合作企業和國有企業評價與 2021 年持平。（四）建筑業評價較高，其他行業評價較低（四）建筑業評價較高，

64、其他行業評價較低分行業看，建筑業對企業設立和退出環境評價最高，為 4.60 分；其次是資源行業、服務行業、傳統制造業和高新技術產業，分別為4.58 分、4.44 分、4.44分和 4.41 分；其他行業評分較低，為 4.38 分。與 2021 年相比，建筑業對企業設立和退出評價提升明顯，提高0.36 分；其次是服務行業和資源行業評價，分別提高 0.20 分和 0.2335分；傳統制造業和高新技術產業評價均提升 0.04 分。其他行業對企業設立和退出環境評價與 2021 年持平。36第三章企業經營與投資狀況2022 年，近九成受訪企業受到疫情不同程度消極影響，東部地區受影響企業占比達 92.1%

65、，76.2%的受訪企業收入在一般及以上水平，這一比例較 2021 年降低 13.2 個百分點。利用本地資源和開拓市場是企業投資的主因。受訪企業盼政府進一步優化政策政務環境，引進上下游配套企業，對疫情受影響較大的企業進一步提供資金補貼和稅費減免。一、近九成企業受疫情不同程度影響（一）九成受訪企業受疫情消極影響（一）九成受訪企業受疫情消極影響九成企業受到新冠疫情不同程度的消極影響，其中受“影響較大”的企業占比最高，為 42.7%；受“影響較小”和“影響嚴重”的企業分別占 31.4%和 14.7%。此外，6.0%的企業反映疫情具有積極影響；5.3%的企業反映未受到影響。從不同地區看，東部、中部和西部

66、地區受疫情影響的企業占比均超八成，東部地區受影響企業占比最高，為92.1%。從受影響程度上看，西部地區受“嚴重影響”和“較大影響”的企業占比最高，為61.5%；中部地區受“積極影響”和“沒有影響”的企業占比最高，為 13.2%。從不同所有制類型看，其他所有制企業受疫情消極情影響占比較注：“影響嚴重”指 2022 年上半年銷售收入下降 50%以上，“影響較大”指下降 20%-50%，“影響較小”指下降 0-20%，“有積極影響”指收入不降反升。37高（89.2%），外商獨資企業未受影響或受積極影響占比較高（18.3%）。從不同行業看，服務行業（88.9%）和其他行業（90.3%）受疫情消極影響較

67、大；資源行業未受影響或受積極影響占比較高（14.3%）。（二）受訪（二）受訪企業企業供應鏈、生產經營、出口等供應鏈、生產經營、出口等受影響明顯受影響明顯47.0%的企業反映疫情對供應鏈的影響最大；40.4%和36.8%的企業表示生產經營、出口受影響明顯；34.9%、31.7%和 27.3%的企業表示資金鏈、國內銷售和復工受到影響；6.1%的企業反饋售后服務受影響。從行業角度看，資源行業（48.1%）、傳統制造業（55.8%）、高38新技術產業（63.7%）受訪企業反映供應鏈受疫情影響較大；其他行業（41.0%）、服務行業（49.2%）、建筑業（50.8%）受訪企業反映生產經營受疫情影響較大。表

68、表 3-2-13-2-1 不同行業受疫情影響的主要表現不同行業受疫情影響的主要表現傳統制造業傳統制造業高新技術產業高新技術產業資源行業資源行業建筑業建筑業服務行業服務行業其他其他供應鏈 55.8%供應鏈 63.7%供應鏈48.1%生產經營50.8%生產經營 49.2%生產經營 41.0%出口 48.4%出口 46.6%生產經營42.3%資金鏈43.8%資金鏈 37.7%供應鏈 40.4%國內銷售35.8%國內銷售 41.1%資金鏈37.5%復工 43.8%供應鏈 35.4%出口 36.7%生產經營35.5%資金鏈 34.7%復工 36.5%供應鏈30.8%復工 27.5%資金鏈 33.5%資金

69、鏈 33.3%生產經營 33.6%國內銷售28.8%國內銷售20.0%國內銷售 26.0%國內銷售 28.7%復工 28.1%復工 27.7%出口 19.2%其他 16.2%出口 19.6%復工 23.1%售后服務 4.3%售后服務 7.5%其他 8.7%出口 8.5%其他 11.8%其他 11.7%其他 1.4%其他 4.6%售后服務5.8%售后服務4.6%售后服務 9.2%售后服務 5.2%（三）受訪企業對后疫情時期發展前景樂觀態度（三）受訪企業對后疫情時期發展前景樂觀態度有所下降有所下降調查顯示，超五成（56.3%）企業對后疫情時期發展前景持“一般”態度，36.6%持“樂觀”態度，僅 7

70、.1%持“悲觀”態度。與 2021 年相比，企業持“樂觀”態度的占比減少 4.7 個百分點，持“悲觀”態度的占比增加 2.1 個百分點。從所有制角度看，各類企業對后疫情時期發展前景持“一般”態度的占比較為接近，其中私營企業占比最高（57.5%）；國有企業持“樂觀”態度的占比較大，為 50.5%；中外合資、合作企業持“悲觀”39態度的占比較大，為 8.0%。與 2021 年相比，中外合資合作企業、外商獨資企業、其他所有制企業、私營企業和國有企業持“悲觀”態度占比均有上升，分別提高 5.2、3.7、2.2、1.7 和 1.4 個百分點。從不同行業看，各行業企業對后疫情時期發展前景持“樂觀”態度的差

71、異明顯，其中高新技術產業企業占比最高（43.1%）；各行業企業持“一般”態度的占比接近或超半數，其中其他所有制企業占比最高（59.7%）；除服務行業外，各行業企業持“悲觀”態度的占比均不足一成。與 2021 年相比，建筑業企業對后疫情時期持“悲觀”態度的占比降低 3.9 個百分點，資源行業、服務行業、傳統制造業、高新技術產業和其他行業持“悲觀”態度的企業占比均有提高，分別增加 5.8、3.4、2.4、1.4 和 1.4 個百分點。（四）近七成受訪企業希望政府提供疫情補貼（四）近七成受訪企業希望政府提供疫情補貼為盡可能減少疫情影響，超六成企業希望政府能提供疫情補貼（66.5%）和加大稅收減免力度

72、（63.8%）；44.0%的企業希望政府40提供金融支持；超三成企業希望政府在提供物流支持（30.1%）和搭建企業間網絡對接平臺（19.7%）方面給予幫助；約一成企業希望政府能提供定期疫情防控指導（11.9%）和提供防疫裝備（8.3%）。（五（五）過半數受訪企業已采取或可能采取縮減過半數受訪企業已采取或可能采取縮減不必要開支不必要開支的措施的措施受疫情影響，過半數受訪企業已采取或可能采取縮減不必要開支的措施（50.7%）；有49.2%的受訪企業調整了經營策略，38.1%的受訪企業縮減了生產規模。此外，采取其他、裁員、降薪和暫停經營措施的受訪企業分別占 12.8%、14.8%、10.7%和 9.

73、4%。二、收入增長的受訪企業占比同比降低2022 年，76.2%的受訪企業收入在一般及以上水平，較2021年降低 13.2 個百分點。35.7%的受訪企業收入狀況維持在較好及以上，較 2021 年下降 3.8 個百分點。（一（一）中中部地區近五成部地區近五成受受訪訪企業企業收入收入在較好及以上在較好及以上，東東部地區部地區不足不足三成三成分 地 區 看。中 部 地 區（42.0%）收入很好和較好的注：營業收入增長幅度在 10%以上，為“很好”；增長幅度在 5-10%以上為“較好”；增長幅度在 0-5%，為“一般”；下降幅度在 10%以內為“較差”；下降幅度在 10%以上為“很差”。41企業均超

74、過全國水平（35.7%）；東部地區收入較好及以上的企業占比較低，僅 29.2%；西部地區收入很好和較好的企業與全國水平持平。東部、中部和西部收入在一般及以上水平企業占比均超過七成，分別為 74.5%、85.2%和 74.6%。（二）（二）資源行業資源行業投資投資收入收入在較好及以上企業占比超五成在較好及以上企業占比超五成分行業看，資源行業投資收入較好及以上企業占比高達 55.4%，高新技術產業次之（46.8%），服務行業最低（29.5%）。資源行業收入很好和較好企業占比均為最高，分別是 27.2%、28.2%，且收入增長企業（一般及以上）占比最多，為 83.5%。超四成建筑業企業投資收入一般(

75、44.2%)，占比最高。服務行業收入較差和很差企業占比最高，為 30.4%。（三）（三）收入收入增長企業占比較增長企業占比較 2021 年有所下降年有所下降2022 年收入增長（收入一般及以上）企業占比為 76.2%，較 2021年的 83.0%下降 6.8 個百分點。收入較好企業占比下降 5.6 個百分點，收入一般企業占比下降 3 個百分點。收入很好、較差、很差企業占比均有所提高，分別上升 1.9、2.2 和 4.5 個百分點。42從不同地區看，2022 年中部地區收入增長企業占 80.6%，較 2021年降低 4.5 個百分點；西部地區收入增長企業占 74.6%，較 2021 年降低 0.

76、6 個百分點；東部地區收入增長企業占 74.5%，較 2021 年降低16.1 個百分點。分行業看，2022 年傳統制造業收入增長企業占 44.4%，較 2021年降低 8.4 個百分點；高新技術產業收入增長企業占 82.2%，較 2021年降低 4 個百分點；資源行業收入增長企業占 83.6%，較 2021 年提高 4.1 個百分點；建筑業收入增長企業占 79.9%，較 2021 年降低 1.5個百分點；服務行業收入增長企業占 69.6%，較 2021 年降低 5.8 個百分點；其他行業收入增長企業占 76.3%，較 2021 年降低 6.3 個百分點。4344三、成本提高和市場競爭激烈問題

77、突出企業反映生產經營過程中，成本提高問題和市場競爭激烈最為顯著，分 別 占 80.7%和66.3%。此外，金融支持不夠(24.6%)、稅費負擔過重(14.9%)、政策不穩定(12.8%)等問題也較突出。各行業均有超七成企業認為成本提高是生產經營中遇到的最主要問題，其次是市場競爭激烈和金融支持不足。18.4%的傳統制造業企業和 18.3%的高新技術產業企業反映稅費負擔過重；14.1%的資源行業企業和 20.3%的建筑業企業反映政策不穩定；服務行業和其他行業各有 16.0%和 17.9%的企業反映存在其他問題。表表 3-3-3 3-1-1 不同行業生產經營過程中遇到的主要問題不同行業生產經營過程中

78、遇到的主要問題傳統制造業傳統制造業高新技術產業高新技術產業資源行業資源行業建筑業建筑業服務行業服務行業其他其他成本提高 87.2%成本提高85.3%成本提高76.9%成本提高77.2%成本提高71.9%成本提高78.5%市場競爭激烈68.2%市場競爭激烈67.3%市場競爭激烈57.7%市場競爭激烈68.4%市場競爭激烈67.0%市場競爭激烈63.8%金融支持不夠20.4%金融支持不夠28.5%金融支持不夠29.5%金融支持不夠34.2%金融支持不夠24.9%金融支持不夠26.2%稅費負擔過重18.4%稅費負擔過重18.3%政策不穩定14.1%政策不穩定20.3%其他 16.0%其他 17.9%

79、政策不穩定10.4%政策不穩定11.3%稅費負擔過重10.3%稅費負擔過重16.5%政策不穩定15.9%稅費負擔過重13.6%其他 9.6%其他 9.9%其他 9.0%其他 12.7%稅費負擔過重12.5%政策不穩定13.0%四、利用本地資源和開拓市場為企業投資主因（一）近五成受訪企業將利用本地資源視作投資首要原因（一）近五成受訪企業將利用本地資源視作投資首要原因4544.1%的企業將利用本地資源視作投資的主要原因，其次是開拓市場(41.8%)和建立生產基地（38.8%）。降低生產成本和享受優惠政策的占比在三成以上，分別為 34.4%和 30.4%。產業配套和尋求戰略合作等因素也是企業投資時考

80、慮的重要原因。從行業角度看，傳統制造業、高新技術產業投資首要原因為建立生產基地，分別占 52.9%和 56.9%；資源行業、建筑行業、服務行業、其他行業投資首要原因為開拓市場，分別占 52.9%、54.5%、58.9%、43.6%。（二（二）受訪企業投資主要依靠自身考察和當地政府招商引資落地受訪企業投資主要依靠自身考察和當地政府招商引資落地超半數(56.1%)企業赴當地投資是通過自身考察落地，近四成（36.2%）企業由當地政府招商引資落地；在已有項目基礎上投資新46項目、受同行或關聯行業帶動而投資的占比分別為 27.0%、24.6%；第三方推薦和其他方式占比較低，分別為 13.5%和 10.0

81、%。五、受訪企業希望政府進一步優化營商環境（一）政策政務環境是受訪企業關注重點（一）政策政務環境是受訪企業關注重點在本次調研中，希望政府持續改善政策政務環境的企業占比最高（49.3%），其次是基礎設施環境（41.6%）、人力資源環境（22.5%）和金融服務環境（23.9%）。（二）受訪企業對地區產業鏈建設要求較高（二）受訪企業對地區產業鏈建設要求較高調研結果顯示，企業希望當地政府在招商引資中著重引進上下游配套企業（70.8%）；其次是引進商貿物流企業（51.4%）；有引進租賃、擔保等金融服務企業和法律咨詢服務企業需求的受訪企業占比分別為 17.2%和 15.5%。47（三）受訪企業希望貿促會著

82、重完善信息平臺建設（三）受訪企業希望貿促會著重完善信息平臺建設59.1%的受訪企業希望貿促會搭建更完善信息平臺，占比最高；其次是投資項目對接（49.0%）。此外，分別有 37.6%、32.4%、28.9%和 18.5%的企業需要貿促會提供業務培訓、國內外考察、展會論壇和商事法律服務。48第四章營商環境建設成就一、營商環境創新改革“由點到面”（一一）開展營商環境創新試點工作）開展營商環境創新試點工作為鼓勵有條件的地方進一步瞄準最高標準、最高水平開展先行先試，加快構建與國際通行規則相銜接的營商環境制度體系，持續優化市場化法治化國際化營商環境，2021 年 11 月國務院印發關于開展營商環境創新試點

83、工作的意見（以下簡稱意見）。意見從十個方面明確了開展營商環境創新試點的重點任務：一是進一步破除區域分割和地方保護等不合理限制；二是健全更加開放透明、規范高效的市場主體準入和退出機制；三是持續提升投資和建設便利度；四是更好支持市場主體創新發展；五是持續提升跨境貿易便利化水平；六是優化外商投資和國際人才服務管理；七是維護公平競爭秩序；八是進一步加強和創新監管；九是依法保護各類市場主體產權和合法權益，十是優化經常性涉企服務。意見提出的主要目標是：經過三至五年的創新試點，試點城市營商環境國際競爭力躍居全球前列，政府治理效能全面提升，在全球范圍內集聚和配置各類資源要素能力明顯增強，市場主體活躍度和發展質

84、量顯著提高，率先建成市場化法治化國際化的一流營商環境，形成一系列可復制可推廣的制度創新成果，為全國營商環境建設作出重要示范。綜合考慮經濟體量、市場主體數量、改革基礎條件等，選擇北京、上海、重慶、杭州、廣州、深圳作為試點城市，各試點城市的實施及完成情況如下：北京北京 2022 年印發培育和激發市場主體活力持續優化營商環境實施方案 和 關于開展北京市營商環境創新試點工作的實施方案。這是北京市連續第 5 次集中出臺的一批優化營商環境改革舉措，被稱中國政府網 http:/ 版改革，也即“創新+活力=北京營商環境 5.0 版改革”。截至 8 月 17 日，北京市 2022 年國家營商環境創新試點城市建設

85、任務已基本完成，營商環境 5.0 版改革 299 項任務完成 83%。上海上海 2021 年 12 月印發營商環境創新試點實施方案，力爭用3-5 年時間，推動上海營商環境國際競爭力躍居世界前列。2022 年上海各區以創新試點方案為抓手，制定了一系列政策措施，如楊浦區為助力市場主體紓困解難，升級優化營商環境 5.0 版行動方案，制定 對標最高標準、最好水平，持續推進楊浦營商環境改革創新的行動計劃，推出 150 項改革創新任務和 10 大特色服務品牌。重慶重慶 2022 年 1 月以來先后印發營商環境創新試點實施方案等政策文件，持續深化營商環境創新試點和成渝地區雙城經濟圈營商環境建設，進一步助力市

86、場主體紓困解難，更大激發市場活力和發展內生動力，提升群眾辦事創業的便利度、滿意度和獲得感。杭州杭州 2022 年印發國家營商環境創新試點實施方案，形成“1個總體方案+153 個專項方案”改革體系架構，用一系列實打實的舉措釋放惠企利民紅利。在落實 101 項國家改革事項基礎上新增 52 項特色改革事項，蓄力打造國內最優、國際一流營商環境，在電子證照、“互聯網+監管”、綜合執法、政務服務等領域，打造多項“硬核”成果。廣州廣州 2022 年實施建設國家營商環境創新試點城市實施方案，啟動營商環境 5.0 改革，以“激發活力”為主線，將制度創新和制度供給作為關鍵，更大力度利企便民。注重面向全體市場主體，

87、著力構建更有效率的企業全生命周期服務體系，通過“一企一策、一項一策”幫助企業解決困難問題。深圳深圳 2022 年印發建設營商環境創新試點城市實施方案，正式開啟優化營商環境 5.0 版改革。從營造競爭有序的市場環境、打造北京市經濟和信息化局 http:/上海市發展和改革委員會 https:/重慶市政府 http:/杭州市政府 http:/50公正透明的法治環境、構建國際接軌的開放環境、打造高效便利的政務環境等 4 方面提出 12 個領域的任務內容，并明確了要在今年落地實施的首批 200 項具體改革事項。此外，深圳還聚焦強化要素新供給、對接國際新規則、培育優質新主體三大主攻方向，提出 99 項“自

88、選動作”改革任務，確保把深圳“敢為人先”的首創精神落實到位。（二二）復制推廣營商環境創新改革舉措復制推廣營商環境創新改革舉措2022 年 10 月 31 日，國務院辦公廳發布關于復制推廣營商環境創新試點改革舉措的通知，決定在全國范圍內復制推廣一批營商環境創新試點改革舉措，以進一步擴大改革效果，推動全國營商環境整體改善。復制推廣的改革舉措包括 9 個方面內容：一是進一步破除區域分割和地方保護等不合理限制（4 項）；二是健全更加開放透明、規范高效的市場主體準入和退出機制（9 項）；三是持續提升投資和建設便利度（7 項）；四是更好支持市場主體創新發展（2 項）；五是持續提升跨境貿易便利化水平（5 項

89、）；六是維護公平競爭秩序（3項）；七是進一步加強和創新監管（5 項）；八是依法保護各類市場主體產權和合法權益（2 項）；九是優化經常性涉企服務（13 項）。二、法治化營商環境日趨完善（一）多方位建設法治化營商環境（一）多方位建設法治化營商環境1.多位一體健全營商環境配套法規多位一體健全營商環境配套法規。各地方政府陸續頒布和實施優化營商環境條例（以下簡稱條例），并在地方行政立法工作中，對涉及優化營商環境的法規規章優先安排、加力推進、強化審修、突出實效，高質量完成優化營商環境相關立法工作。北京市北京市政府為切實保障條例中的各項改革措施落地見效，市發改委提前組織各單位研究條例實施需配套的各項政策，共

90、梳理出需要出臺的配套政策措施 82 項，其中固化現有經驗或已出臺政策措施 24 項，如建深圳市發展和改革委員會 http:/深圳市商務局 http:/51立行政檢查單制度、政務服務“好差評”制度、12345 服務熱線、公平競爭審查制度等。黑龍江省黑龍江省政府為保證條例的有效貫徹實施，在全國率先開展營商環境監督專項地方立法工作，相繼出臺營商環境監督辦法社會信用條例促進中小企業發展條例等法律法規，筑牢優化營商環境法治之基。2.數字經濟法律法規持續完善數字經濟法律法規持續完善。中國高度重視數字經濟發展，持續改善營商環境，出臺了一系列法規，包括網絡安全法電子商務法數據安全法個人信息保護法，先后兩次修訂

91、反不正當競爭法，公布了反壟斷法修訂草案，制定發布關于平臺經濟領域的反壟斷指南。同時加大執法力度，成立反壟斷局。去年以來，有關部門加強對數字經濟平臺領域監管執法，查處了強制實行“二選一”，強制性扼殺式收購等違法違規行為，在監管部門指導下，平臺企業進行全面整改，數字經濟正向規范有序的新發展階段轉變。3.知識產權保護體系和政策建立健全知識產權保護體系和政策建立健全。為推進知識產權強國建設，全面提升知識產權創造、運用、保護、管理和服務水平，充分發揮知識產權制度在社會主義現代化建設中的重要作用，2021 年 4 月人民法院印發人民法院知識產權司法保護規劃（20212025 年）。9月中共中央、國務院發布

92、 知識產權強國建設綱要（20212035 年）。10 月國務院印發“十四五”國家知識產權保護和運用規劃，12月第十三屆全國人民代表大會常務委員會第三十二次會議修訂通過科學技術進步法，自 2022 年 1 月 1 日起施行。其中，科學技術進步法旨在營造尊重知識產權的社會環境，保護知識產權，激勵自主創新。此外，通過推進修正反壟斷法電子商務法專利法實施細則，以細化反壟斷和反不正當競爭規則，預防和制止平臺經濟領域壟斷、不正當競爭等行為，引導平臺經營者依法合規經營。（二）知識產權保護成效顯著（二）知識產權保護成效顯著1.受理受理、審結實現審結實現“雙突破雙突破”。2021 年，人民法院受理、審結知52識

93、產權案件數量雙雙突破 60 萬件，再創歷史新高。2021 年新收一審、二審、申請再審約 64.3 萬件，審結各類知識產權案件約 60.2 萬件（含舊存），比 2020 年分別上升 22.33%和 14.71%。2.高壓嚴打知識產權侵權行為高壓嚴打知識產權侵權行為。2021 年，中國查處專利、商標等領域違法案件 5.01 萬件，查辦侵權盜版案件 2957 件，刪除侵權盜版鏈接 119.7 萬條，批準逮捕涉及侵犯知識產權犯罪案件 4500 余件、7800 余人。開展“昆侖 2021”專項行動，依法嚴厲打擊侵犯知識產權犯罪。全國公安機關偵破侵犯知識產權和制售假冒偽劣商品犯罪案件 2.1 萬余起。堅持

94、對各類市場主體依法平等保護，先后偵破一批侵犯知識產權的大要案件，以嚴明法治保障優良營商環境。3.強化海關行政保護強化海關行政保護。開展“龍騰行動 2021”知識產權保護專項行動。2021 年全國海關共查扣進出口侵權嫌疑貨物 7.92 萬批次，貨物數量 7180.3 萬件。查扣的侵權嫌疑貨物涉及商標專用權、專利權、著作權、奧林匹克標志和世界博覽會標志等。其中，涉嫌侵犯商標權貨物 7.9 萬批次 6804.6 萬件，涉嫌侵犯專利權貨物 85 批次 293.3 萬件，涉嫌侵犯著作權貨物 233 批次 81.5 萬件，涉嫌侵犯奧林匹克標志和世界博覽會標志貨物 8 批次 8381 件。（三）司法維護市場

95、公平與健康發展（三）司法維護市場公平與健康發展1.以司法維護市場公平競爭以司法維護市場公平競爭。2021 年，人民法院不斷加強反壟斷和反不正當競爭司法，審結壟斷案件 49 件、不正當競爭案件 7478 件。探索數據權利保護規則，服務數字經濟，促進電子商務發展。審理平臺“二選一”、刷單炒信等壟斷和不正當競爭案件，嚴懲妨礙公平競爭、損害群眾利益行為。2.以司法助力市場主體有序退出和有效救治以司法助力市場主體有序退出和有效救治。2021 年，人民法院共審結破產案件 1.3 萬件，涉及債權 2.3 萬億元，促進企業優勝劣汰和要素資源高效配置。充分發揮破產審判“積極拯救”和“及時出清”國家知識產權局 2

96、021 年中國知識產權保護狀況白皮書53功能，同時堅決防止借破產之名逃廢債。配合全國人大常委會開展企業破產法執法檢查，促進完善破產法律制度。例如，深圳個人破產條例首案裁定生效，讓依法經營、誠實守信的債務人可以從頭再來，個人破產制度實踐邁出重要一步。審結破產重整案件 732 件，盤活資產1.5 萬億元，讓 745 家困境企業再獲新生，35 萬余名員工穩住就業。三、全國統一大市場逐漸形成（一一）市場分割進一步破除市場分割進一步破除2021 年 11 月國務院印發關于開展營商環境創新試點工作的意見，提出進一步破除區域分割和地方保護等不合理限制的重點任務，以加快破除妨礙生產要素市場化配置和商品服務流通

97、的體制機制障礙，并提出在試點城市推進六項具體改革事項，包括：“一照多址”、“一證多址”改革，便利企業分支機構、連鎖門店信息變更，清除招投標和政府采購領域對外地企業設置的隱性門檻和壁壘，推動招投標領域數字證書兼容互認，推進客貨運輸電子證照跨區域互認與核驗，優化常用低風險植物和植物產品跨區域流通檢疫申請流程。2022 年 3 月關于加快建設全國統一大市場的意見發布，提出加快建立全國統一的市場制度規則，打破地方保護和市場分割，打通制約經濟循環的關鍵堵點，促進商品要素資源在更大范圍內暢通流動，加快建設高效規范、公平競爭、充分開放的全國統一大市場；并從六個方面明確了加快建設全國統一大市場的重點任務，一是

98、強化市場基礎制度規則統一，二是推進市場設施高標準聯通，三是打造統一的要素和資源市場，四是推進商品和服務市場高水平統一，五是推進市場監管公平統一，六是要進一步規范不當市場競爭和市場干預行為。10 月國務院辦公廳發布關于復制推廣營商環境創新試點改革舉措的通知，再次提出進一步破除區域分割和地方保護等不合理限制，包括“開展一照多址改革”、“便利企業分支機構、連鎖中國政府網 http:/同上同上54門店信息變更”、“清除招投標和政府采購領域對外地企業設置的隱性門檻和壁壘”、“推進客貨運輸電子證照跨區域互認與核驗”等。（二）制度性交易成本降低（二）制度性交易成本降低優化營商環境、降低制度性交易成本是減輕市

99、場主體負擔、激發市場活力的重要舉措。當前經濟運行面臨一些突出矛盾和問題，市場主體特別是中小微企業、個體工商戶生產經營困難依然較多。為深入貫徹黨中央、國務院決策部署，打造市場化法治化國際化營商環境，降低制度性交易成本，提振市場主體信心，助力市場主體發展，為穩定宏觀經濟大盤提供有力支撐，2022 年 9 國務院辦公廳印發關于進一步優化營商環境降低市場主體制度性交易成本的意見。該意見從五個方面為中小微個體解難題：一是進一步破除隱性門檻，推動降低市場主體準入成本；二是進一步規范涉企收費，推動減輕市場主體經營負擔；三是進一步優化涉企服務，推動降低市場主體辦事成本；四是進一步加強公正監管，切實保護市場主體

100、合法權益；五是進一步規范行政權力，切實穩定市場主體政策預期。為推動個體工商戶實現長遠健康發展，解決個體工商戶“急難愁盼”問題，國務院 2022 年 10 月公布促進個體工商戶發展條例，自 2022 年 11 月 1 日起施行。個體工商戶是百姓生活最直接的服務者，截至 2022 年 9 月底，全國登記在冊的個體工商戶 1.11 億戶，占中國市場主體總量的三分之二，帶動就業近 3 億人，在穩增長、促就業、惠民生等方面發揮著重要作用。新條例是在原 個體工商戶條例基礎上制定出臺的，結合個體工商戶發展的總體形勢、問題困難和利益訴求，有利于更好地促進個體工商戶長遠健康發展。新條例進一步降低了制度性交易成本

101、。個體工商戶經營主要集中在批發零售、餐飲和居民服務行業，新條例分別從線下和線上兩方面作出了規定。首先是支持個體工商戶在社區從事與居民日常生活密切中國政府網 http:/同上55相關的經營活動，滿足居民生活消費需求；其次是引導和支持個體工商戶加快數字化發展，提升線上經營能力。同時，回應了個體工商戶提出的入駐網絡平臺經營遇到的種種問題，專門規定了平臺經營者的義務。按照原條例和相關登記管理法規的規定，個體工商戶變更經營者，也就是通常所說的“出兌”店鋪、轉讓經營權的，除家庭成員之間的變更外，都要重新申請登記，即注銷原個體工商戶，申請設立新的個體工商戶。為解決這一問題，新條例調整了個體工商戶變更經營者的

102、方式，由原來的“先注銷、后成立”改為“直接向市場主體登記機關申請辦理變更登記”。這一規定便利了個體工商戶經營權的轉讓，實現了個體工商戶變更經營者在成立時間、字號和相關行政許可方面的延續，大大簡化了手續、降低了制度性交易成本，有利于個體工商戶持續經營、打造“百年老店”。四、外資企業投資信心不斷增強（一）吸引外資實現穩中有增、穩中提質的明顯成效（一）吸引外資實現穩中有增、穩中提質的明顯成效今年以來，面對日趨復雜嚴峻的國際形勢以及跨國投資疲軟等新情況新問題，我國吸引外資克服了多重困難，實現了穩中有增、穩中提質的明顯成效。商務部數據顯示，2022 年 1-10 月，全國實際使用外資金額 10898.6

103、 億元人民幣，接近 2021 年全年水平，按可比口徑同比增長 14.4%，折合 1683.4 億美元，增長 17.4%。從產業結構看，全國高技術產業利用外資同比增速高于總體水平，其中高技術制造業增長 57.2%，高技術服務業增長 25%。從來源結構看，外資來源地更趨多元平衡，韓國、德國、英國、日本實際對華投資同比分別增長106.2%、95.8%、40.1%和 36.8%。從區域結構看，中西部地區利用外資增速高于東部地區，東、中、西部地區實際使用外資分別增長 12.4%、33.6%和 26.9%。（二）出臺多項政策措施（二）出臺多項政策措施“引外資引外資”“”“穩外資穩外資”新華社 推動個體工商

104、戶實現長遠健康發展聚焦促進個體工商戶發展條例562022 年政府工作報告及國務院關于印發扎實穩住經濟的一攬子政策措施的通知中，明確要求擴大鼓勵外商投資范圍，支持外資加大中高端制造、研發、現代服務等領域和中西部、東北地區投資。為進一步擴大外資流入，穩定外商投資規模，提高利用外資質量，更好發揮利用外資在促進中國制造業高質量發展、更深融入全球產業鏈供應鏈的積極作用，2022 年 10 月，國家發展改革委等部門印發 關于以制造業為重點促進外資擴增量穩存量提質量的若干政策措施。該措施主要包括以下三方面內容：一是優化投資環境，擴大外商投資流入；二是加強投資服務，支持外商投資企業發展；三是引導投資方向，提升

105、外商投資質量。具體包括深入實施外資準入負面清單、高標準落實外資準入后國民待遇、鼓勵外商投資企業利潤再投資、支持制造業外商投資企業進出口、優化外商投資結構、支持外商投資創新發展等 15 項舉措。隨后，國家發展改革委、商務部又公開發布了鼓勵外商投資產業目錄（2022 年版），該目錄作為中國重要的外商投資促進政策，對于支持外資發展、引導外資產業投向、優化外資區域布局發揮了重要作用。本次修訂主要有以下三方面變化：一是持續鼓勵外資投向先進制造業，二是持續引導外資投向現代服務業，三是持續引導外資投向中西部和東北地區優勢產業。該目錄內的行業領域主要可享受三項優惠政策：一是在投資總額內進口自用設備，除國家規定

106、不予免稅的產品，免征關稅；二是對于集約用地的鼓勵類工業項目優先供應土地，并且可以按不低于所在地等別相對應全國工業用地出讓最低價標準的 70%確定出讓底價；三是在西部地區和海南省投資，還可進一步減按 15%稅率繳納企業所得稅。（三）貿促會設立服務外資專班堅定外企扎根中國信心底氣（三）貿促會設立服務外資專班堅定外企扎根中國信心底氣2022 年 6 月召開的國務院常務會議指出，對外開放是我國的基本國策，穩外貿穩外資事關經濟全局、就業大局，要進一步擴大對外中國商務部 http:/同上同上57開放。在落實已出臺穩外貿穩外資政策同時，進一步加大支持。會議提出，保障外貿外資企業生產流通穩定是當前穩外貿穩外資

107、工作重中之重，要充分發揮各級穩外貿穩外資、物流保通保暢等機制作用，及時協調解決外貿外資企業復工達產、項目建設等方面困難。指導地方創新穩外貿穩外資措施。經國務院批準，中國貿促會設立服務外資企業工作專班，建立起外資企業訴求自下而上、便捷快速的直通車，進一步夯實上下貫通、橫向協作的外資企業服務體系。這項工作覆蓋全國貿促系統、面向廣大外資企業，是做好穩外資工作、服務穩住經濟大盤的重要抓手和平臺。外資專班成立以來，貿促會堅持全國貿促系統一盤棋，加強與有關部門的協作配合，通過召開座談會、建立直報平臺、密切與企業聯系、深入企業調研等方式，廣泛收集數百項外資企業訴求，經過梳理甄別、分門別類、歸納提煉，及時向有

108、關部門進行反映，推動一大批外資企業急難愁盼問題得到有效解決，產業鏈供應鏈運轉更加順暢，受到外資企業高度贊揚。五、科技創新全方位發力（一）頂層政策不斷引領（一）頂層政策不斷引領在關于促進中小企業健康發展的指導意見基礎上，2021 年6 月，財政部、商務部、國務院國有資產監督管理委員會、中國證券監督管理委員會等六部門聯合印發 關于加快培育發展制造業優質企業的指導意見。11 月，國務院促進中小企業發展工作領導小組辦公室印發為“專精特新”中小企業辦實事清單和提升中小企業競爭力若干措施。這些政策和措施立足新發展階段，以推動企業高質量發展為主題，不斷健全體系、完善政策、優化服務，著力增強自主創新能力。中國

109、將會以金融財政和人才政策措施等抓手，加快培育和發展一批專業化、精細化、特色化、新穎化的專精特新“小巨人”中國科技部 http:/中國政府網 http:/同58企業，并且在重點行業和領域引導“小巨人”等各類企業成長為國際市場領先的單項冠軍企業，引導大企業集團發展成為具有生態主導力、國際競爭力的領航企業。（二）科技成果轉化機制愈發健全（二）科技成果轉化機制愈發健全1.完善科技成果轉移轉化制度規范完善科技成果轉移轉化制度規范?？茖W技術進步法修訂版將科技成果轉化擺在突出位置。無論篇幅還是內容都有較大擴展，從科技創新基本法角度將促進科技成果轉化法自 2015 年施行以來的重要決策和政策舉措，以及行之有效

110、的經驗做法上升為法律規范。2.完善科技成果評價機制完善科技成果評價機制?？萍汲晒u價是科技成果轉移轉化中的關鍵一環。完善的科技成果評價機制，有助于大幅提高科技成果轉移轉化成效。2021 年 7 月國務院辦公廳印發的關于完善科技成果評價機制的指導意見提出“充分發揮科技成果評價的指揮棒作用，全面準確反映成果創新水平、轉化應用績效和對經濟社會發展的實際貢獻，著力強化成果高質量供給與轉化應用”。3.落實科技成果轉化激勵政策落實科技成果轉化激勵政策。激勵科技人員實施科技成果轉化，是激發第一動力、激活第一資源的重要舉措，關鍵是落實科技成果轉化獎酬金政策。國家多個文件強調要對科技人員實施激勵分配。針對科技成

111、果轉化獎酬金政策落實中如何把握政策執行尺度問題，2021年 2 月，人力資源社會保障部、財政部、科技部印發關于事業單位科研人員職務科技成果轉化現金獎勵納入績效工資管理有關問題的通知，明確了科研成果轉化獎勵不受績效工資總額限制，不作為下一年度績效工資核定基數，不作為社會保險繳費基數。（三）財稅扶持力度加大（三）財稅扶持力度加大為了優化創新企業的營商環境，增加創新動能，激發企業創新活力，服務國家創新驅動發展戰略，2021 年，財政部、海關總署、稅務總局針對科技創新的主要環節和關鍵領域，陸續推出了多個稅費優中國政府網 http:/同59惠政策，如關于支持集成電路產業和軟件產業發展進口稅收政策的通知（

112、財關稅20214 號）、關于延長部分稅收優惠政策執行期限的公告（財政部稅務總局公告 2021 年第 6 號）、關于進一步完善研發費用稅前加計扣除政策的公告（財政部稅務總局公告2021 年第 13 號）、關于“十四五”期間支持科技創新進口稅收政策的通知（財關稅202123 號）等政策，這些政策從研發費用扣稅、免征用于科研資料等進口環節增值稅、房產稅和城鎮土地使用稅等方面對科技創新企業進行了大力度扶持。Chinas Business Environment Annual Report(2022)Trade and Investment Promotion Department of CCPIT A

113、cademy of CCPIT Editorial Board Sponsor China Council for the Promotion of International Trade(CCPIT)Edited by Trade and Investment Promotion Department,CCPIT Academy of CCPIT Editors-in-chief LI Qingshuang Director General of Trade and Investment Promotion Dept.,CCPIT SHI Dongli Secondary Counsel o

114、f Trade and Investment Promotion Dept.,CCPIT LIU Yingkui Vice Chairman of the Academy of CCPIT Executive Editorial Board XIE Ruizhe Director of Investment Promotion Div.,Trade and Investment Promotion Dept.,CCPIT MA Lei Deputy Director of Investment Promotion Div.,Trade and Investment Promotion Dept

115、.,CCPIT YUAN Fang Deputy Director of Investment Promotion Div.,Trade and Investment Promotion Dept.,CCPIT Coordinators LIU Yingkui XIE Ruizhe MA Lei YUAN Fang WANG Jianjun LIU Yanchen ZHANG Hongyang Copywriters LIU Yingkui DUN Zhigang LI Yuan QIN Bangyuan CAI Meng-yu Proofreaders LI Yuan QIN Bangyua

116、n HUANG Lingmei Translation Global Tone Communication Technology Co.,Ltd Website for download http:/www.ccpit-academy.org/Contents Preface.1 I.Background And Significance Of The Research.1 II.Research Methods.2 III.Evaluation Indexes.4 IV.Respondent Composition.7 V.Main Conclusions.8 Chapter I Overa

117、ll Evaluation Of Chinas Business Environment.12 I.Business Environment Has Generally Been Rated As Good.12 II.Chinas Central Region Gave The Highest Rating.14 III.Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures Gave Higher Evaluation.15 IV.Resource Industry Gave Higher Evaluation.15 Chapter II Evaluation on the Seconda

118、ry Indexes of Business Environment.17 I.Infrastructure:Higher Evaluation on Environmental Protection Facilities,Improved Evaluation in The Central Region.17 II.Life-Support Service:Higher Evaluation on Environmental Protection,Lower in Sports Facilities.20 III.Policy and Government Administration:Hi

119、gher Evaluation on Official Integrity,Improved in Western Region.23 IV.Social Credit:Evaluation Ranked First,with High Evaluation on Social Credit Index.27 V.Fair Competition:High Evaluation on Market Supervision,Evaluations on Secondary Indexes Generally Improved.30 VI.Rule of Law:High Evaluation o

120、n Legal Supervision and Administration by Law,High Ratings Given by Foreign-capital Enterprises.33 VII.Technological Innovation:Similar Evaluation on secondary Indexes,Evaluation on State-Owned Enterprises Increased Most.36 VIII.Human Resources:Evaluation Ranked Last,Low Evaluation on Availability o

121、f Specialized Talents.39 IX.Financial Service:Second-To-Last Index,Annual Increase of Financing Costs Decreased.43 X.Fiscal and Tax Service:Evaluation Ranked Second,With High,Evaluation on secondary Indexes.46 XI.Customs Service:High Evaluation on Inspection and Quarantine,Declined Evaluation on sec

122、ondary Indexes.49 XII.Enterprise Establishment and Withdrawal:High Evaluation on Environmental Protection Procedure,Land Acquisition Improved the Most.52 Chapter III Operation and Investment Status of Enterprises.56 I.Nearly 90%Of Enterprises Were Affected by Covid-19 To Varying Degrees.56 II.The Pr

123、oportion of Enterprises with Revenue Growth Has Decreased Year on Year.63 III.Rising Costs and Fierce Market Competition Have Become Prominent Problems.68 IV.Utilization of Local Resources and Market Expansion Are Major Purposes for Investment.69 V.Enterprises Expect Governments to Optimize Policy a

124、nd Government Administration Index.71 Chapter IV Achievements in Business Environment Construction.73 I.Rolling Out Before Promoting Innovative Pilot Programs of Business Environment.73 II.Continuously Improved Law-Based Business Environment.77 III.A Unified Nationwide Market Gradually Formed.82 IV.

125、The Investment Confidence of Foreign-capital Enterprises Continues to Enhance.86 V.Technological Innovation Advanced in All Aspects.90 1 Preface I.Background And Significance Of The Research Optimizing business environment is a major decision and deployment made by the Chinese government in response

126、 to the new situation,new development trend and new requirements.In the report to the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,Xi Jinping,the general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party,emphasized the need to improve the basic systems of the market economy regarding property

127、rights protection,market access,fair competition,and social credit,and to optimize the business environment.The Report on the Work of the Government(2022)also proposed to promote the reform of streamlining administration and delegate power,improving regulation,and upgrading services around the creat

128、ion of a market-oriented,rule-of-law,internationalized business environment.In recent years,despite the impact of the epidemic,the increasing downward pressure on the economy and other unfavorable factors,China has achieved certain results in optimizing the business environment.Data from the State T

129、axation Administration shows that in the first five months of 2022,5.547 million new tax-related market entities were established nationwide,up 6.2%year-on-year.According to the latest data from the National Bureau of Statistics,the GDP in the first three quarters of 2022 was about CNY 87 trillion,u

130、p 3.0%year-on-year at constant prices,seeing a 0.5%faster rise from the first half of the year;by industry,the primary,secondary and tertiary industries grew 4.2%,3.9%and 2.3%year-on-year,respectively.At present,as the pandemic is still spreading around the world,there is not enough momentum for the

131、 recovery of the world economy.Commodity prices fluctuate at high levels,and the international environment is becoming more complex,severe and uncertain.The 2 recovery of consumption and investment is sluggish,the difficulty of stabilizing exports is increasing,and the production and operation of sm

132、all,medium and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households are also in a pickle.Therefore,how to further optimize the business environment and stimulate market vitality is still a major issue that requires continuous attention,and creating a first-class business environment

133、 is an arduous task and of great significance.In order to give full play to the resource advantages of our trade promotion system and assist relevant departments of the state to optimize the business environment,the Department of Trade and Investment Promotion,China Council for the Promotion of Inte

134、rnational Trade(the“Promotion Department,CCPIT”)and the Academy of CCPIT have carried out survey of Chinas business environment and released annual reports for six consecutive years since 2016.On this basis,the research team continued to fulfill the mission in 2022,with the aim of closely tracking a

135、nd analyzing changes in Chinas business environment,comprehensively and objectively reflecting the achievements and problems of the business environment,and making suggestions and recommendations,so as to further stimulate the creativity of enterprises and the vitality of the market and promote the

136、stable and healthy development of the economy and society.II.Research Methods Various methods including questionnaire survey,field investigation,enterprise symposium,comparative analysis and literature analysis were adopted for this research.(I)Questionnaire survey From May to September 2022,CCPIT o

137、rganized and carried out the survey of Chinas business environment in 2022 by distributing 3 questionnaires to enterprises.The research team collected 7,657 questionnaires,including 5,372 online and 2,285 offline,and more than 300 questionnaires were submitted from each of Jiangxi,Hubei,Guangxi,Gans

138、u,Shanxi,Fujian,and Hunan.Through the enterprise questionnaire survey,the research team obtained relevant data of different regions,industries and enterprises of different ownerships,which provided objective data support for the analysis and evaluation of the national business environment.(II)Field

139、investigation From April to September 2022,the research team went to Yunnan,Jiangxi,Jiangsu and other places,visited more than 20 special zone such as Nanchang National High-tech Industrial Development Zone and Jiangsu Free Trade Zone Nanjing Area,and held discussions with more than 700 enterprises,

140、receiving strong support from local governments,associations,zone management committees and enterprises.The research team had face-to-face and in-depth exchanges with the members of management committees of industrial parks and representatives of enterprises to learn about the current situation,achi

141、evements and problems of the business environment in different regions from different perspectives and to verify and supplement the information on the questionnaires of enterprises,which provided support for a comprehensive and objective assessment of the business environment in China.(III)Enterpris

142、e symposium From April to September 2022,in order to steadily promote the research on Chinas business environment while implementing epidemic prevention and control measures,the research team cooperated with Guangxi and Hubei branches of CCPIT to organize an online business environment symposium wit

143、h more than 200 companies,and acquired 4 abundant first-hand information.(IV)Comparative analysis The research team selected the data related to Chinas business environment in 2022 and 2021 for horizontal and vertical comparison,so as to learn about the dynamic changes among different regions,differ

144、ent industries(traditional manufacturing,high-tech,resource,construction and service industries)and enterprises of different nature(state-owned,state-controlled,private,Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises),have an in-depth understanding of the differences,characteristics and tren

145、ds of the business environment among different regions,industries and enterprises,promote experience models for improving the business environment in different regions,and encourage them to learn from each other and make common progress.(V)Literature analysis The research team collected and sorted o

146、ut domestic and foreign literature,and consulted the data of the World Bank,the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and other international organizations,the National Development and Reform Commission,the Ministry of Commerce,the State Administration for Market Regulation,the National

147、 Bureau of Statistics and other ministries and commissions on optimizing the business environment.In addition,local trade promotion associations in Jiangxi,Guangxi,Hubei,Gansu,and Tianjin and local sub-councils of CCPIT also provided relevant information on the business environment，which further enr

148、iched the content of the report.III.Evaluation Indexes Referring to CCPITs Business Environment Evaluation Index System issued in 2021 and drawing lessons from and absorbing WBs 5 Doing Business Index System,the research team considered the actual situation of this year to improve improved the 2022

149、China Business Environment Evaluation Index System and the corresponding enterprise questionnaire.After repeated demonstration and analysis,we designed an evaluation index system for Chinas business environment in 2022 consisting of 12 primary indexes and 48 secondary indexes.Each primary index is t

150、he weighted average of the corresponding secondary indexes(Table 0-1),and the comprehensive evaluation score is obtained by taking the arithmetic average of the primary indexes.The 12 primary indexes include infrastructure environment,life-support service environment,policy and government administra

151、tion environment,social credit environment,fair competition environment,rule by law environment,technology innovation environment,human resources environment,financial service environment,fiscal and tax service environment,customs service environment and enterprise establishment and withdrawal envir

152、onment.Table 0-1 2022 Chinas Business Environment Evaluation Indexes Primary l indexes Secondary indexes Infrastructure Transportation(1/5)Network communication(1/5)Environmental protection facilities(1/5)Water,electricity and gas supply(1/5)Urban planning and construction(1/5)Life-Support Service L

153、iving conditions(1/6)Health care(1/6)Sports facilities(1/6)Education level(1/6)Environmental protection(1/6)Public security(1/6)Policy And Government Administration Policy equity(1/5)Efficiency of government services(1/5)Intensity of policy implementation(1/5)Official integrity(1/5)Predictability(1/

154、5)Social Credit Construction of punishment and reward mechanism(1/3)Government credit(1/3)Construction of credit system(1/3)Fair Competition Market supervision(1/5)Administrative monopoly governance(2/5)Government procurement(1/5)Market access(1/5)6 Rule by law National Peoples Congress legislation

155、and legal supervision(1/6)Law-based administration of government(1/6)Courts conclusion of cases on schedule(1/6)Arbitration courts conclusion of cases on schedule(1/6)Enforcement of court judgments and arbitral awards(1/6)Intellectual property rights protection(1/6)Technological Innovation Implement

156、ation of R&D tax credit policy(1/5)Intellectual property collateralization(1/5)Industry-university-research combination(1/5)Business incubation service(1/5)Public service platform construction(1/5)Enterprise-optional indexes(2):Enterprise R&D investment in science and technology,intellectual propert

157、y rights application cycle Human Resources Availability of skilled labor(1/4)Availability of middle and senior managers(1/4)Availability of specialized talents(1/4)Availability of innovative and entrepreneurial talents(1/4)Enterprise-optional indexes(2):Proportion of labor cost in total cost;average

158、 annual increase rate of labor cost Financial Service Financing convenience(1/2)Diversity of financing channels(1/2)Enterprise-optional indexes(2):Proportion of financing cost in total cost;average annual increase rate of financing cost Fiscal And Tax Standardization of fiscal and tax law enforcemen

159、t(1/2)Processing time for tax refund(1/2)Enterprise-optional indexes(5):Number of tax payments,tax payment processing time,total fee rate,total tax rate,export tax refund processing time Customs Service Goods clearance(1/3)Inspection and quarantine(1/3)Personnel entry and exit(1/3)Enterprise Establi

160、shment And Withdrawal Land acquisition(1/3)Environmental protection procedure(1/3)Bankruptcy procedure(1/3)7 IV.Respondent Composition(I)Over 70%of the surveyed enterprises are private businesses In this survey,76.3%of the surveyed enterprises are private enterprises;state-owned and state-controlled

161、 enterprises(hereinafter referred to as“state-owned enterprises”)and enterprises of other types both account for about 7.2%;wholly foreign-owned enterprises account for 5.4%;and Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises account for 4.0%.(II)Traditional manufacturing enterprises account

162、 for one-third Among the enterprises involved in the survey,33.2%are engaged in traditional manufacturing,21.2%in service industry,11.3%in high-tech industry,3.3%in construction industry,2.6%in resource industry,and 29.6%in other industries.7.2%76.3%4.0%5.4%7.2%figure0-1 Distribution of Surveyed Ent

163、erprises by OwnershipState-owned and state-controlledPrivateSino-foreign joint ventures andcooperative enterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthers33.2%11.3%2.6%3.3%21.2%28.5%figure0-2 Distribution of Surveyed Enterprises by IndustryTraditional manufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthers 8(III)

164、Small and micro enterprises account for nearly 70%Among the enterprises involved in the survey,68.4%are small and micro businesses with 100 or less employees;22.4%have 100-500 employees;6.8%have 500-2000 employees;and 2.5%are super large enterprises with 2000 or more employees.(IV)Nearly 70%of the s

165、urveyed enterprises have been continuously operating for more than five years Among the enterprises involved in the survey,5.6%are new enterprises with a history of less than one year,14.1%with 1-3 years,12%with 3-5 years,and 68.3%with more than 5 years.V.Main Conclusions(I)Enterprises generally gav

166、e good ratings for Chinas business environment in 2022 68.4%22.4%6.8%2.5%figure0-3 Distribution of Surveyed Enterprises by Size100 employees and below100-500 employees500-2000 employees2000 employees and above5.6%14.1%12.0%68.3%figure0-4 Duration of Continuous Operation of Surveyed EnterprisesLess t

167、han 1 year1-3 years3-5 yearsMore than 5 years 9 At present,the world is becoming more complicated,severe and uncertain,and the risks and challenges facing Chinas development have increased significantly.In 2022,the Party Central Committee and the State Council coordinated epidemic prevention and con

168、trol and economic and social development,considered development and security in an overall perspective,continued to ensure stability on six key fronts and maintain security in six key areas,improved peoples livelihood,focused on stabilizing the macroeconomic market,and maintained the economic operat

169、ion within a reasonable range.The rating for Chinas business environment in 2022 is 4.38 points,the same as that in 2021.Of the scores of the 12 primary indexes,6 have increased,1 has kept level with the previous years rating,and 5 have declined,compared with 2021.Among them,social credit environmen

170、t received the highest rating,followed by fiscal and tax service environment,social legal environment,customs service environment and fair competition environment;the scores of financial service environment and human resources environment are relatively low.The central region,Sino-foreign joint vent

171、ures and the resource industry contributed higher ratings.The new dual-cycle pattern and the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative have brought vast opportunities to the western region of China.With the joint efforts of the government,relevant service agencies,and enterprises,the

172、rating on the business environment in the western region of China improved significantly in 2022.As the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic continued to expand in 2022,nearly 90%of the enterprises were negatively affected to varying degrees,and the number of companies with year-on-year revenue growth de

173、creased by 13.2%compared with 2021.Forty-seven percent of 10 companies reflected that their supply chains were affected,and half of them have taken or may take measures to reduce expenditures and adjust business strategies to cope with the impact of the epidemic.Despite many difficulties in producti

174、on and operation,only 7%of the enterprises are pessimistic about future development.To minimize the impact of the epidemic,more than 60%of the enterprises expect subsidies and tax breaks from the government to help them tide over the difficulties.In the meantime,over 70%of them achieved revenue grow

175、th in 2022.“Utilization of local resources”and“market expansion”are major drivers for enterprisesinvestment in 2022.Rising costs and fierce market competition are the main problems encountered by the enterprises in the production and operation.The enterprises hope that the government can further opt

176、imize the policy and government administration environment,introduce upstream and downstream supporting enterprises and trading and logistics enterprises,and help them restore production and operation order.(II)Chinas business environment has been continuously improved 1.Pilot reform measures have b

177、een promoted across the country to advance the innovation and reform of business environment.In October 2022,the Party Central Committee and the State Council decided to replicate and promote a number of pilot business environment innovation and reform measures across the country to expand the effec

178、t of the reform and promote the overall improvement of business environment nationwide.2.The law-based bu siness environment has been continuously improved.In 2022,various legislative,judicial,and law enforcement agencies took multiple measures to promote the construction of a law-based business env

179、ironment by improving the legal system,raising the 11 level of protection of intellectual property rights,and maintaining the fairness and healthy development of the market.3.A unified nationwide market has been gradually formed.In April 2022,the Party Central Committee and the State Council propose

180、d to accelerate the construction of a unified national market.As all local departments introduced relevant regulatory measures,the costs of institutional transactions across regions and departments have gradually decreased,and market barriers have been removed.4.The confidence of foreign-capital ent

181、erprises in investing in China has been continuously enhanced.Stabilizing foreign investment is a key basis to expand opening to the outside world.The Party Central Committee and the State Council have successively issued a series of documents and policies to help foreign-capital enterprises tide ov

182、er their difficulties.In addition,the CCPIT has set up a task force to serve foreign-capital enterprises to further strengthen their confidence in taking root in China.5.China has intensified support for scientific and technological innovation in an all-round way.General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed

183、 out that we must regard science and technology as our primary productive force,and innovation as our primary driver of growth.In 2022,China strengthened the top-level institutional innovation,improved the transformation mechanism of scientific and technological achievements,enhanced fiscal and taxa

184、tion support,and continuously activated the innovation vitality of enterprises.12 Chapter I Overall Evaluation Of Chinas Business Environment According to the survey questionnaire,the overall rating of surveyed enterprises on Chinas business environment in 2022 is 4.38,the same as that in 2021.More

185、than 40%of the surveyed enterprises are very satisfied with Chinas business environment,and more than 60%believe that the business environment has improved in the past three years.I.Business Environment Has Generally Been Rated As Good(I)More than 40%of the surveyed enterprises are very satisfied wi

186、th the business environment The surveyed enterprises are generally satisfied with Chinas business environment,with 42.89%being very satisfied and 53.57%being basically satisfied;those who rated“merely fair”account for 3.49%;and only 0.05%think that Chinas business environment is bad.(II)About 60%of

187、the enterprises surveyed believe that the business environment has improved in the past three years 30.81%of the enterprises surveyed believe that Chinas business Note:The data involved in Chapters I,II,and III of this report are mainly derived from the questionnaire survey of enterprises on busines

188、s environment organized by CCPIT in 2022.0.05%3.49%53.57%42.89%figure1-1 Satisfaction with Chinas Business Environment,2022PoorAverageBasically satisfiedVery satisfied 13 environment has improved significantly in the past three years;33.19%believe that it has somewhat improved;9.59%see no change;26.

189、4%feel that it has worsened(including seriously worsened and somewhat worsened),and this proportion is higher than that in 2021(6.2%).(III)The enterprises surveyed generally rate Chinas business environment as good,with the highest score appearing on social credit Chinas business environment scores

190、4.38 in 2022,the same as in 2021,reaching a good level.Among the indexes,social credit gains the highest score of 4.53,while fiscal and tax service environment(4.52)and rule by law environment(4.50)are also at an excellent level.Human resources environment is rated the worst with 4.06 points,followe

191、d by financial service environment with 4.11 points.The surveyed enterprises overall rating on Chinas business environment in 2022 is the same as that in 2021.Among the 12 primary indexes,the ratings on 6 indexes have improved,with enterprise establishment and withdrawal environment seeing the large

192、st increase of 0.07 points,followed by infrastructure environment(0.05 points)and social credit(0.02 points);the scores of technology innovation environment and human resources environment have increased by 0.02 points,and those on fiscal and tax service environment has remained the 30.81%33.19%9.59

193、%16.52%9.88%figure1-2 Improvement of Chinas Business Environment in the Past Three YearsImproved significantlySomewhat improvedNot improvedWorsenedSeriously worsened 14 same as in 2021.II.Chinas Central Region Gave The Highest Rating By region,the central region has gained the highest rating of the

194、business environment(4.47 points),the western region is in the middle(4.32 points),and the eastern region is at the bottom(4.31 points).Compared with 2021,the rating on the business environment in the western region in 2022 has increased by 0.14 points;as the eastern and central regions were signifi

195、cantly affected by objective factors such as the BusinessEnvironmentInfrastructureLife-supportServicePolicyMaking&GovernmentAdministrationSocialCreditFairCompetitionRule byLawTechnologicalInnovationHumanResourcesFinancialServiceFiscalandTaxServiceCustomsServiceEnterpriseEstablishmentandWithdrawal202

196、14.384.354.334.454.514.444.514.434.044.174.524.514.3620224.384.404.304.374.534.464.504.454.064.114.524.484.43Difference0.000.05-0.03-0.080.020.02-0.010.020.02-0.060.00-0.030.07-0.10-0.08-0.06-0.04-0.020.000.020.040.060.083.703.803.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.60figure1-3 Comparison of Business Enviro

197、nment Rating by Year4.564.494.184.314.474.32-0.25-0.020.14-0.30-0.20-0.100.000.100.203.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.60Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure1-4 Comparison of Business Environment Rating by Region20212022Difference 15 COVID-19 epidemic,and the ratings have decreased by 0.25 a

198、nd 0.02 points respectively.III.Sino-Foreign Joint Ventures Gave Higher Evaluation In terms of ownership,Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highest score of 4.51 on Chinas business environment,while private enterprises have given the lowest score of 4.32.The ratin

199、gs of wholly foreign-owned enterprises,enterprises of other ownership and state-owned enterprises are in the middle,being 4.47,4.41 and 4.36 points respectively.Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownerships in 2022 have increased their ratings by 0.21 points,followed by wholly foreign-owned ent

200、erprises(whose ratings have increased by 0.01 points);the ratings of state-owned enterprises,private enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have decreased by 0.09,0.04 and 0.01 points respectively.IV.Resource Industry Gave Higher Evaluation Among the industries,the r

201、esource industry has the highest rating on Chinas business environment,with a score of 4.53,followed by the 4.454.364.524.464.204.364.324.514.474.41-0.09-0.04-0.010.010.21-0.15-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.254.004.104.204.304.404.504.60State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateSino-foreignjoint ventur

202、esandcooperativeenterprisesWhollyforeign-ownedOthersfigure1-5 Comparison of Business Environment Ratings of Enterprises of Different Ownerships by Year20212022Difference 16 construction industry,with a score of 4.46;the high-tech industry and other industries both have the lowest,4.32 points;the rat

203、ings of traditional manufacturing and service industries are 4.36 points,which is in the middle level.Compared with 2021,the construction industrys rating on Chinas business environment has increased the most in 2022(by 0.23 points),followed by the resource industry and service industry with an incr

204、ease of 0.14 and 0.11 points respectively;other industries rating has declined significantly(by 0.09 points);the ratings of the traditional manufacturing and high-tech industries have decreased by 0.07 and 0.05 points,respectively.4.434.374.384.234.254.414.364.324.534.464.364.32-0.07-0.050.140.230.1

205、1-0.09-0.15-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.254.054.104.154.204.254.304.354.404.454.504.55TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure1-6 Comparison of Business Environment Ratings of Enterprises of Different Industries by Year 20212022Difference 17 Chapter II Evaluation o

206、n the Secondary Indexes of Business Environment The evaluation system for Chinas business environment consists of 12 primary indexes such as infrastructure,policy&government administration,social credit and customs service environment and 48 sencondary indexes.The questionnaire survey shows that the

207、 enterprises generally rate Chinas business environment as good in 2022,as the scores of six primary indexes have improved compared with 2021.I.Infrastructure:Higher Evaluation on Environmental Protection Facilities,Improved Evaluation in The Central Region The infrastructure environment index is su

208、b-divided into five secondary indexes,i.e.,transportation,network communications,water,electricity and gas supply,environmental protection facilities,and urban planning and construction.In 2022,infrastructure environment is given a score of 4.40 points,increasing by 0.05 points from 2021 to rank 8th

209、 among the 12 primary indexes.(I)High evaluation on environmental protection facilities and low evaluation on transportation Among the secondary indexes,environmental protection facilities has the highest score(4.45 points),followed by water,electricity and gas supply(4.42 points);transportation rec

210、eives the lowest evaluation with 4.35 points;network communications and urban planning and construction are in the middle with 4.41 and 4.38 points respectively.18 Compared with 2021,the score of transportation has achieved the greatest increase(0.12 points),followed by urban planning and constructi

211、on and environmental protection facilities both with an increase of 0.05 points;the score of network communications has increased by 0.03 points;water,electricity and gas supply are the only secondary index under infrastructure environment with negative growth(decreased by 0.01 points).(II)High eval

212、uation in central region,declined evaluation in eastern region Among the regions,the highest rating on infrastructure is received in the central region,at 4.52 points,up 0.08 points from 2021;the rating of the western region is 4.46 points,up 0.31 points from 2021;the eastern region has only given 4

213、.43 points on infrastructure,down 0.1 points from 2021.4.534.444.154.434.524.46-0.10 0.09 0.31-0.200.000.200.403.804.004.204.404.60Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure2-1-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Infrastructure Environment in Different Regions20212022Difference4.234.384.434.404.334

214、.354.414.424.454.380.12 0.03-0.01 0.05 0.05-0.020.000.020.040.060.080.100.120.144.104.154.204.254.304.354.404.454.50TransportationNetworkcommunicationsWater,electricityand gas supplyEnvironmentalprotectionfacilitiesUrban planningand constructionfigure2-1-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Infras

215、tructure Environment20212022Difference 19(III)Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given higher ratings,while those of private enterprises are lower Enterprises of different ownerships have certain differences in the evaluation of the infrastructure environment.Sino-foreign j

216、oint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highest ratings(4.51 points),followed by state-owned enterprises,wholly foreign-owned enterprises,and other enterprises(4.50 points),while private enterprises have given the lowest(4.46 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownership

217、s have increased their ratings the most,by 0.36 points,followed by state-owned enterprises and private enterprises(whose ratings both have increased by 0.12 points).The ratings of wholly foreign-owned enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have increased by 0.02 and

218、0.04 points respectively.(IV)The rating of the resource industry is high,and that of the high-tech industry is low Among the industries,the resource industry has the highest rating on the infrastructure environment,with 4.63 points,followed by the construction industry,with 4.57 points;the high-tech

219、 industry has the 4.384.344.474.484.144.504.464.514.504.500.120.120.040.020.350.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.403.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.60State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesandcooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure2-1-3 Evaluation of En

220、terprises of Different Ownerships on Infrastructure Environment20212022Difference 20 lowest,with 4.41 points;the ratings of the service industry,traditional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle with 4.54 points,4.46 points and 4.44 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the

221、construction and resource industries have increased their ratings significantly by 0.37 and 0.30 points respectively in 2022,followed by the service industry(whose rating has increased by 0.27 points);the ratings of the high-tech industry,other industries and traditional manufacturing industry have

222、slightly increased by 0.09,0.08 and 0.06 points respectively.II.Life-Support Service:Higher Evaluation on Environmental Protection,Lower in Sports Facilities The life-support service environment index is sub-divided into six secondary indexes,i.e.,living conditions,health care,sports facilities,educ

223、ation level,environmental protection and public security.In 2022,life-support service environment is given a score of 4.30 points,increasing by 0.05 points from 2021 to rank 10th among the 12 primaryl indexes.(I)Highest evaluation on environmental protection,low evaluation on sports facilities Among

224、 the secondary indexes,environmental protection has the 4.404.324.324.194.274.364.464.414.634.574.544.440.060.090.300.370.270.080.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.403.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure2-1-4 Evaluation of Enterpri

225、ses of Different Industries on Infrastructure Environment 20212022Difference 21 highest score(4.40 points),while sports facilities have the lowest(4.23 points);the scores of living conditions,education level,public security,and health care are 4.32 points,4.30 points,4.27 points,and 4.25 points,resp

226、ectively.Compared with 2021,the score of education level has increased most(by 0.09 points),and that of environmental protection has increased by 0.04 points;the rating on sports facilities has remained the same;the evaluations on public security,living conditions and health care have all shown nega

227、tive growth,decreasing by 0.26,0.04 and 0.03 points respectively.(II)High evaluation in central region and low evaluation in eastern region Among the regions,the highest rating on life-support service environment is received in the central region,at 4.35 points,down 0.08 points from 2021;the rating

228、of the western region is 4.31 points,up 0.17 points from 2021;the evaluation of the eastern region has dropped by 0.26 points from 2021 to 4.21 points only.4.364.274.234.224.364.534.324.254.234.304.404.27-0.04-0.03 0.01 0.09 0.04-0.26-0.30-0.25-0.20-0.15-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.154.004.104.204.304.40

229、4.504.60Living conditionsHealth careSports facilitiesEducation levelEnvironmentalProtectionPublic securityfigure2-2-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Life-support Service Environment20212022Difference 22 (III)Enterprises of other ownerships have given higher ratings,while those of state-owned a

230、nd state-controlled enterprises are lower Among different types of enterprises,enterprises of other ownerships have given the highest ratings on life-support service environment(4.44 points),followed by wholly foreign-owned enterprises(4.33 points),Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterpr

231、ises(4.30 points)and private enterprises(4.29 points),while state-owned enterprises have given the lowest(4.28 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownerships have increased their ratings the most,by 0.27 points.The ratings of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises,wholly

232、 foreign-owned enterprises,state-owned enterprises and private enterprises have all fallen down by 0.14,0.10,0.08 and 0.03 points,respectively.4.484.434.144.214.354.31-0.26-0.08 0.17-0.30-0.20-0.100.000.100.203.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.60Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure2-2-2 Evalu

233、ation of Enterprises on Life-support Service Environment in Different Regions20212022Difference4.364.324.444.434.064.284.294.304.334.34-0.08-0.03-0.14-0.100.27-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.303.804.004.204.404.60State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenter

234、prisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure2-2-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Life-support Service Environment20212022Difference 23(IV)The rating of the construction industry is high,and that of the high-tech industry is low Among the industries,the construction industry has the h

235、ighest rating on the life-support service environment,with 4.47 points,followed by the resource industry,with 4.41 points;the high-tech industry has the lowest,with 4.24 points;the ratings of the service industry,traditional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle with 4.37 poi

236、nts,4.28 points and 4.25 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the construction and service industries have increased their ratings significantly by 0.33 and 0.12 points respectively,followed by the resource industry(whose rating has increased by 0.08 points);the ratings of the traditional manufact

237、uring industry,other industries and high-tech industry have slightly decreased by 0.09,0.09 and 0.05 points respectively.III.Policy and Government Administration:Higher Evaluation on Official Integrity,Improved in Western Region The policy and government administration environment index is sub-divid

238、ed into four secondary indexes,i.e.,intensity of policy implementation,policy equity,efficiency of government services,and 4.404.324.324.194.274.364.464.414.634.574.544.440.060.090.300.370.270.080.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.403.904.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-tech

239、ResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure2-2-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Infrastructure Environment20212022Difference 24 official integrity.In 2022,policy and government administration environment are given a score of 4.37 points,decreasing by 0.08 points from 2021 to rank 9

240、th among the 12 primary indexes.(I)Highest evaluation on official integrity,low evaluation on intensity of policy implementation Among the secondary indexes,the score of official integrity is the highest,at 4.40 points,reaching the excellent level,followed by that of efficiency of government service

241、s(4.38);the ratings on intensity of policy implementation and policy equity are also good,at 4.36 and 4.37 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the scores of all four secondary indexes have decreased in 2022,with that of policy equity having the least downfall(0.07 points),followed by that of effi

242、ciency of government services(0.08 points);the scores of official integrity and intensity of policy implementation have decreased by 0.12 and 0.09 points respectively.(II)Highest evaluation in central region,declined evaluation in eastern region Among the regions,the highest rating on policy and gov

243、ernment administration environment is received in the central region,at 4.43 points,4.454.444.464.524.384.364.374.384.404.32-0.09-0.07-0.08-0.12-0.05-0.14-0.12-0.10-0.08-0.06-0.04-0.020.004.204.254.304.354.404.454.504.55Intensity ofpolicyimplementationPolicy equityEfficiency ofgovernmentservicesOffi

244、cial integrity Predictabilityfigure2-3-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Policy and Government Administration Environment20212022Difference 25 down 0.12 points from 2021;the rating of the western region is 4.38 points,up 0.13 points from 2021;the eastern region has only given 4.28 points,down 0

245、.33 points from 2021.(III)Wholly foreign-owned enterprises and enterprises of other ownerships have given higher ratings,while that of state-owned enterprises is lower Among different types of enterprises,wholly foreign-owned enterprises and enterprises of other ownerships have given the highest rat

246、ings on policy and government administration environment(4.40 points),followed by private enterprises(4.37 points)and Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises(4.34 points),while state-owned enterprises have given the lowest(4.30 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownershi

247、ps in 2022 have increased their ratings by 0.19 points,while private enterprises,wholly foreign-owned enterprises and state-owned enterprises have decreased their ratings by 0.07,0.12 and 0.20 points respectively.The greatest fall is seen in the rating of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative

248、enterprises,4.614.554.254.284.434.38-0.33-0.12 0.13-0.40-0.30-0.20-0.100.000.100.204.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure2-3-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Policy and Government Administration Environment in Different Regions20212022Difference 26 down 0.26 p

249、oints.(IV)The rating of the resource industry is high,while negative ratings are given by multiple industries Among the industries,the resource industry has the highest rating on the policy and government administration environment,with 4.51 points,followed by the construction industry,with 4.48 poi

250、nts;the high-tech industry has the lowest,with 4.33 points;the ratings of the service industry,other industries and traditional manufacturing industry are in the middle with 4.40,4.36 and 4.34 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the construction industry has increased their ratings significantly

251、by 0.28 points in 2022,followed by the resource and service industries(whose ratings both have increased by 0.08 points);the 4.504.444.604.524.214.304.374.344.404.40-0.20-0.07-0.26-0.120.19-0.30-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.304.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprise

252、sSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure2-3-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Policy and Government Administration Environment20212022Difference4.504.474.434.204.334.454.344.334.514.484.404.36-0.17-0.140.080.280.08-0.09-0.20-0.100.000

253、.100.200.304.004.104.204.304.404.504.60TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure2-3-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Policy and Government Administration Environment20212022Difference 27 ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry,high-tech

254、industry,and other industries have dropped by 0.17,0.14 and 0.09 points respectively.IV.Social Credit:Evaluation Ranked First,with High Evaluation on Social Credit Index The social credit environment index is sub-divided into three secondary indexes,i.e.,social credit,construction of credit system,a

255、nd construction of punishment and reward mechanism.In 2022,the surveyed enterprises rate the social credit environment as generally good(4.53 points),which ranks 1st among the 12 primary indexes.(I)High evaluation on social credit,construction of punishment and reward mechanism to be strengthened Am

256、ong the secondary indexes,the score of social credit is the highest,at 4.53 points,followed by that of construction of credit system(4.52 points),both reaching the excellent level.Construction of punishment and reward mechanism is lowly rated at 4.47 points.Compared with 2021,the construction of cre

257、dit system has realized the greatest improvement(0.14 points)in 2022,followed by the construction of punishment and reward mechanism(0.11 points).The score of social credit has increased by 0.07 points.4.534.524.474.554.554.510.02 0.03 0.04 0.000.010.020.030.040.054.424.444.464.484.504.524.544.56 So

258、cial (government)creditConstruction of creditsystemConstruction ofpunishment andreward mechanismfigure2-4-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Social Credit Environment20212022Difference 28(II)Much increased rating in western region,declined evaluation in eastern region Among the regions,the highe

259、st rating on social credit environment is received in the central region,at 4.59 points,up 0.01 points from 2021;the rating of the western region is 4.52 points,up 0.20 points from 2021;the rating of the eastern region is 4.50 points only,down 0.17 points from 2021.(III)Sino-foreign joint ventures a

260、nd cooperative enterprises have given highest ratings,while those of private enterprises are in the middle Among different types of enterprises,Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highest ratings on social credit environment(4.60 points),followed by enterprises of

261、other ownerships(4.58 points),wholly foreign-owned enterprises(4.57 points),and state-owned enterprises(4.55 points),while private enterprises have given the lowest(4.52 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownerships have increased their ratings the most,by 0.27 points,followed by privat

262、e enterprises,state-owned enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises(whose ratings have increased by 0.02,0.01 and 0.01 points respectively).The ratings of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have gone down by 4.674.584.324.504.594.52-0.17 0.01 0.20-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.3

263、04.104.204.304.404.504.604.704.80Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure 2-4-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Social Credit Environment in Different Regions20212022Difference 29 0.05 points.(IV)The rating of the construction industry has improved significantly,while three industries have decr

264、eased theirs Among the industries,the construction industry has the highest rating on the social credit environment,with 4.65 points,followed by the resource and service industries with 4.62 and 4.57 points respectively;the high-tech industry has the lowest,with 4.49 points;the ratings of the tradit

265、ional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle,with 4.53 points and 4.51 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the construction and service industries have increased their ratings significantly by 0.39 and 0.22 points in 2022,followed by the resource industry(whose rating has i

266、ncreased by 0.15 4.554.504.654.564.314.554.524.604.574.580.010.02-0.050.010.27-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.250.304.104.204.304.404.504.604.70State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure 2-4-3 Evaluation of En

267、terprises of Different Ownerships on Social Credit Environment20212022Difference4.554.524.464.264.354.544.534.494.624.654.574.51-0.02-0.030.150.390.22-0.04-0.100.000.100.200.300.400.504.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure 2-4-4 Evalu

268、ation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Social Credit Environment20212022Difference 30 points);the ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry,high-tech industry,and other industries have dropped by 0.02,0.03 and 0.04 points respectively.V.Fair Competition:High Evaluation on Market Sup

269、ervision,Evaluations on Secondary Indexes Generally Improved The fair competition environment index is sub-divided into four secondary indexes,i.e.,market supervision,administrative monopoly governance,government procurement and market access.The surveyed enterprises have generally rated the fair co

270、mpetition environment as satisfactory,and with the score of 4.46 points,it ranks 5th among the 12 primary indexes.(I)High evaluation on market supervision,low evaluation on government procurement and administrative monopoly governance Among the secondary indexes,market supervision has scored the hig

271、hest,at 4.50 points,followed by market access at 4.48 points;the scores of government procurement and administrative monopoly governance are low,at 4.45 and 4.44 points respectively.Compared with 2021,government procurement and market access has realized the greatest improvement(0.03 points)in 2022,

272、followed by market supervision(0.02 points).The score of administrative monopoly 4.484.434.434.454.504.444.454.480.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.000.010.020.030.044.384.404.424.444.464.484.504.52 Market supervision AdministrativemonopolygovernanceGovernmentprocurementStrategic support formarket accessfigure 2

273、-5-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Fair Competition Environment20212022Difference 31 governance has increased slightly by 0.01 points.(II)High evaluation in central region,greatly improved evaluation in western region Among the regions,the highest rating on fair competition environment is rec

274、eived in the central region,at 4.53 points,down 0.01 points from 2021;the rating of the western region has improved the most by 0.19 points to 4.43 points;the rating of the eastern region is 4.42 points only,down 0.20 points from 2021.(III)Ratings of enterprises of other ownerships have increased th

275、e most,while those of state-owned and Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have decreased Among different types of enterprises,Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highest ratings on fair competition environment(4.54 points),followed by enterprise

276、s of other ownerships(4.50 points),while state-owned enterprises and private enterprises have given the lowest(4.46 and 4.44 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises of different ownerships have increased their ratings on fair competition environment in 2022.Enterprises of other ownerships in 2022 hav

277、e increased their ratings the most by 0.33 points,followed by Sino-foreign joint ventures and 4.674.584.324.504.594.52-0.17 0.01 0.20-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.304.104.204.304.404.504.604.704.80Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure 2-5-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Social Credit Environment

278、 in Different Regions20212022Difference 32 cooperative enterprises(whose ratings have increased by 0.13 points);the ratings of state-owned enterprises,wholly foreign-owned enterprises and private enterprises have increased by 0.06,0.02 and 0.01 points respectively.(IV)The ratings of the construction

279、 industry have increased significantly,while those of the traditional manufacturing industry,high-tech industry and other industries have declined Among the industries,the resource industry has the highest rating on the fair competition environment,with 4.60 points,followed by the construction and s

280、ervice industries with 4.56 and 4.48 points respectively;the high-tech industry has the lowest,with 4.42 points;the ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle,with 4.45 and 4.43 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the construction,service and resource

281、 industries have increased their ratings significantly by 0.16,0.20 and 0.34 points in 2022;the ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry,high-tech industry,and other industries have dropped by 0.05,0.04 and 0.03 points respectively.4.554.504.654.564.314.554.524.604.574.580.010.02-0.050.010.

282、27-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.250.304.104.204.304.404.504.604.70State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure 2-5-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Social Credit Environment20212022Differ

283、ence 33 VI.Rule of Law:High Evaluation on Legal Supervision and Administration by Law,High Ratings Given by Foreign-capital Enterprises The rule by law environment index is sub-divided into five secondary indexes,i.e.,legal supervision,law-based administration of government,courts and arbitration co

284、urts conclusion of cases on schedule,enforcement of court judgments and arbitral awards,and intellectual property rights protection.In 2022,the surveyed enterprises rate rule by law environment as generally good(4.50 points),which ranks 3rd among the 12 primary indexes.(I)Highest evaluation on legal

285、 supervision,declined ratings on most secondary indexes Among the secondary indexes,legal supervision has the highest score of 4.52 points,followed by law-based administration of government and intellectual property rights protection with 4.52 and 4.50 points;the scores of courts and arbitration cou

286、rts conclusion of cases on schedule and enforcement of court judgments and arbitral awards are low,at 4.48 and 4.47 points respectively.4.554.524.464.264.354.544.534.494.624.654.574.51-0.02-0.030.150.390.22-0.04-0.100.000.100.200.300.400.504.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70TraditionalmanufacturingHigh

287、-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure2-5-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Social Credit Environment20212022Difference 34 Compared with 2021,the score of enforcement of court judgments and arbitral awards has decreased the most(by 0.02 points),followed by those of law-bas

288、ed administration of government and courts and arbitration courts conclusion of cases on schedule(both by 0.01 points).The ratings on legal supervision and intellectual property rights protection remain the same as in 2021.(II)High evaluation in central region,declined evaluation in eastern region A

289、mong the regions,the highest rating on rule by law environment is received in the central region,at 4.54 points;the rating of the western region is 4.49 points,in the middle;and the rating of the eastern region is 4.47 points only.Compared with 2021,the rating of the western region has increased by

290、0.16 points,that of the central region has decreased by 0.04 points,and 4.53 4.53 4.49 4.49 4.50 4.524.524.484.474.500.00-0.01-0.01-0.02 0.00-0.02-0.02-0.01-0.010.000.014.424.444.464.484.504.524.54Legal supervisionLaw-basedadministration ofgovernmentCourts and arbitration courts conclusion of cases

291、on scheduleEnforcement ofcourt judgmentsand arbitralawardsIntellectualproperty rightsprotectionfigure2-6-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Rule by Law Environment20212022Difference4.674.584.334.474.544.49-0.21-0.04 0.16-0.30-0.20-0.100.000.100.204.004.204.404.604.80Eastern regionCentral regionW

292、estern regionfigure2-6-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Rule by Law Environment in Different Regions20212022Difference 35 that of the eastern region has decreased by 0.21 points.(III)Wholly foreign-owned enterprises have given higher ratings,while those of private enterprises are lower Among different

293、 types of enterprises,wholly foreign-owned enterprises have given the highest ratings on rule by law environment(4.56 points),followed by Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises(4.54 points)and enterprises of other ownerships(4.54 points),while private enterprises(4.49 points)state-o

294、wned enterprises(4.50 points)have given the lowest.Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownerships have increased their ratings the most,by 0.29 points.The ratings of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises,state-owned enterprises,private enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enter

295、prises are have all fallen down by 0.13,0.06,0.02 and 0.01 points,respectively.(IV)The rating of the construction industry is high,and that of the high-tech industry is low Among the industries,the construction industry has the highest rating on the rule by law environment,with 4.62 points,followed

296、by the resource and service industries with 4.59 and 4.53 points respectively;the high-tech 4.564.504.664.574.254.504.494.544.564.54-0.06-0.02-0.13-0.010.29-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.300.404.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand coo

297、perativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure2-6-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Rule by Law Environment20212022Difference 36 industry has the lowest,with 4.44 points;the ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle,with 4.51 a

298、nd 4.45 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the construction industry has increased their ratings the most by 0.30 points respectively in 2022,followed by the service and resource industries(whose ratings have increased by 0.17 and 0.09 points respectively).The ratings of other industries,the hig

299、h-tech industry and traditional manufacturing industry have all declined by 0.08,0.07 and 0.04 points,respectively.VII.Technological Innovation:Similar Evaluation on secondary Indexes,Evaluation on State-Owned Enterprises Increased Most The technological innovation environment index is sub-divided i

300、nto five secondary indexes,i.e.,implementation of R&D tax credit policy,intellectual property collateralization,industry-university-research combination,business incubation service,and public service platform construction.In 2022,technological innovation environment is given a score of 4.45 points,r

301、anking 6th among the 12 primary indexes.(I)Close evaluations on secondary indexes,implementation of R&D tax credit policy highly rated The scores of the five secondary indexes of technological innovation environment are close.Among them,the score of implementations of R&D tax credit policy is the hi

302、ghest,at 4.47 points,followed by that of public 4.554.524.514.324.374.544.514.444.594.624.534.45-0.04-0.070.090.300.17-0.08-0.200.000.200.404.004.204.404.604.80TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure 2-6-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Rule by

303、Law Environment20212022Difference 37 service platform construction(4.46 points);the scores of intellectual property collateralization and industry-university-research combination are slightly lower,at 4.45 and 4.44 points,respectively.Compared with 2021,the ratings on industry-university-research co

304、mbination and public service platform construction in 2022 has increased the most,both by 0.03 points,followed by those of business incubation service(by 0.02 points)and intellectual property collateralization(by 0.01 points).The score of implementations of R&D tax credit policy remains the same as

305、that in 2021.(II)Evaluation in western region improved greatly,declined evaluation in eastern and central regions Among the regions,the highest rating on technological innovation is received in the central region,at 4.50 points;the rating of the western region is lower at 4.44 points;and the rating

306、of the eastern region has declined,at 4.42 points only.Compared with 2021,the rating of the western region has increased by 0.20 points,that of the central region has decreased by 0.03 points,and 4.474.444.414.414.444.474.454.444.434.460.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.000.010.010.020.020.030.030.044.384.4

307、04.424.444.464.48Implementationsof R&D tax creditpolicyIntellectualpropertycollateralizationIndustry-university-researchcombinationBusinessincubationservicePublic serviceplatformconstructionfigure 2-7-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Technological Innovation Environment20212022Difference 38 th

308、at of the eastern region has decreased by 0.19 points.(III)Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highest ratings,while those of other ownerships are low Among different types of enterprises,Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the highes

309、t ratings on technological innovation environment(4.58 points),followed by wholly foreign-owned enterprises(4.52 points),enterprises of other ownerships(4.49 points),and state-owned enterprises(4.47 points),while private enterprises have given the lowest(4.44 points).Compared with 2021,enterprises o

310、f other ownerships in 2022 have increased their ratings the most by 0.30 points,followed by wholly foreign-owned enterprises(whose ratings have increased by 0.05 points);the ratings of state-owned enterprises and Sino-foreign joint ventures and 4.614.534.234.424.504.44-0.19-0.03 0.20-0.30-0.20-0.100

311、.000.100.200.304.004.104.204.304.404.504.604.70Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure 2-7-2 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Technological Innovation Environment20212022Difference4.484.434.594.464.194.474.444.584.524.49-0.020.00-0.010.050.30-0.050.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.353.904.00

312、4.104.204.304.404.504.604.70State-owned andstate-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure 2-7-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Technological Innovation Environment20212022Difference 39 cooperative enterpris

313、es have decreased by 0.02 and 0.01 points respectively.The ratings of private enterprises are the same as those in 2021.(IV)The rating of the resource industry is high,while ratings of three industries have declined Among the industries,the resource industry has the highest rating on the technologic

314、al innovation environment,with 4.58 points,followed by the construction,service,and traditional manufacturing industries with 4.56,4.48 and 4.46 points respectively;the high-tech industry and other industries have given lower ratings,with 4.44 and 4.40 points respectively.Compared with 2021,the cons

315、truction,service and resource industries have increased their ratings significantly by 0.33,0.20 and 0.16 points in 2022;the ratings of the traditional manufacturing industry,high-tech industry,and other industries have declined by 0.03,0.02 and 0.06 points respectively.VIII.Human Resources:Evaluati

316、on Ranked Last,Low Evaluation on Availability of Specialized Talents The human resources environment index is sub-divided into four secondary indexes,i.e.,availability of skilled labor,availability of middle and senior managers,availability of innovative and entrepreneurial talents,and availability

317、of specialized talents.In 2022,human resource 4.484.464.424.224.284.464.464.444.584.564.484.40-0.03-0.020.160.330.20-0.06-0.200.000.200.404.004.204.404.604.80TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure 2-7-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Technologi

318、cal Innovation Environment20212022Difference 40 environment ranks the last among the 12 primary indexes,with only 4.06 points.(I)High evaluation on availability of skilled labor,low evaluation on availability of innovative and entrepreneurial talents Among the secondary indexes,availability of skill

319、ed labor has the highest score of 4.12 points,followed by availability of middle and senior managers and availability of specialized talents,with 4.08 and 4.06 points,while the rating on availability of innovative and entrepreneurial talents is the lowest,at 4.01 points only.Compared with 2021,the a

320、vailability of innovative and entrepreneurial talents has improved the most(by 0.04 points)in 2022;the availability of middle and senior managers and specialized talents have improved to some extent(by 0.03 and 0.02 points);and the availability of skilled labor has improved slightly(by 0.01 points).

321、According to the surveyed enterprises,in 2022,labor costs account for 26.75%of the total costs,up 0.48%from 2021,and the average annual increase in labor costs is 9.46%,up 1.46%from 2021.(II)Evaluation improved significantly in western region,lowest evaluation in eastern region Among the regions,the

322、 highest rating on human resources 4.114.044.043.974.124.084.064.010.01 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.000.010.010.020.020.030.030.040.043.903.954.004.054.104.15Availability of skilledlaborAvailability ofmiddle and seniormanagersAvailability ofspecialized talentsAvailability ofinnovative andentrepreneurialtalents

323、figure 2-8-1 Evaluation on Sub-divided Indexes of Human Resources Environment20212022Difference 41 environment is received in the western region,at 4.09 points,up 0.18 points from 2021;the rating of the central region is 4.08 points,down 0.03 points from 2021;and enterprises in the eastern region ha

324、ve only given 4.00 points,down 0.15 points from 2021.(III)Enterprises of other ownerships have given higher ratings,while those of Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises are lower Among different types of enterprises,enterprises of other ownerships have given the highest ratings on

325、fair competition environment(4.18 points),followed by wholly foreign-owned enterprises(4.12 points),while Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises have given the lowest(4.03 points only).The ratings of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises are in the middle level,at 4.09 and

326、 4.05 points respectively.Compared with 2021,enterprises of other ownerships have increased their ratings the most,by 0.16 points,followed by Sino-foreign joint ventures and cooperative enterprises and private enterprises(whose ratings both have increased by 0.06 and 0.02 points).The ratings of stat

327、e-owned enterprises have gone down by 0.08 points.The ratings of wholly foreign-4.154.123.924.004.084.09-0.15-0.03 0.18-0.20-0.100.000.100.203.803.904.004.104.20Eastern regionCentral regionWestern regionfigure 2-8-2 Evaluation of Enterprises on Human Resources Environment in Different Regions2021202

328、2Difference 42 owned enterprises remain the same as in 2021.(IV)The rating of the construction industry is highest,and that of the high-tech industry is lowest Among the industries,the construction industry has the highest rating on the human resources environment,with 4.24 points,followed by the re

329、source industry,with 4.22 points;the high-tech industry has the lowest,with 3.90 points;the ratings of the service industry,traditional manufacturing industry and other industries are in the middle with 4.15,4.03 and 4.07 points respectively.4.174.023.974.124.024.094.054.034.124.18-0.080.020.060.000

330、.16-0.10-0.050.000.050.100.150.203.853.903.954.004.054.104.154.20State-ownedand state-controlledPrivateenterprisesSino-foreignjoint venturesand cooperativeenterprisesWholly foreign-ownedOthersfigure 2-8-3 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Ownerships on Human Resources Environment20212022Differe

331、nce3.973.944.263.914.044.164.033.904.224.244.154.070.06-0.04-0.040.330.11-0.09-0.20-0.100.000.100.200.300.403.703.803.904.004.104.204.30TraditionalmanufacturingHigh-techResourceConstructionServiceOthersfigure 2-8-4 Evaluation of Enterprises of Different Industries on Human Resources Environment20212

332、022Difference 43 Compared with 2021,the construction industry has increased their ratings the most,by 0.33 points in 2022;the ratings of the traditional manufacturing and service industries have improved slightly,by 0.06 and 0.11 points respectively;and the ratings of the high-tech industry,other in

333、dustries and resource industry have declined by 0.04,0.04 and 0.09 points respectively.IX.Financial Service:Second-To-Last Index,Annual Increase of Financing Costs Decreased The financial service environment index is sub-divided into two secondary indexes,i.e.,financing convenience and diversity of financing channels.In 2022,the overall evaluation on the financial service environment by the survey