普華永道：智慧城市中的數字孿生（19頁）.pdf

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1、Digital Twins in Smart CityDigital Twins in Smart City 智慧城市中的數字孿生智慧城市中的數字孿生 A bridge between the physical and virtual world 現實世界與虛擬世界之間的橋梁 數字孿生奠定了發展智數字孿生奠定了發展智 能服務為現實世界服務能服務為現實世界服務 的基礎。的基礎。 Digital twins set the foundation on which smart services could be developed to serve the physical world. Being

2、 one of the top 10 strategic technology trends as rated by Gartner, digital twins are recognised by public organisations as an effective tool to city planning and management. This paper presents our views on the benefits of digital twins, a model for assessing the approach for development of a fit-f

3、or-purpose digital twin, a development framework outlining key elements of a digital twin ecosystem and examples of how digital twins have been used in other cities. The paper also discussed common challenges encountered when implementing digital twins as well as the way forward and opportunities fo

4、r digital twin development in the Greater Bay Area (GBA). 數字孿生是Gartner評選的十大戰略技術趨勢之 一，被公共機構公認為是城市規劃和管理的有 效工具。本文介紹了普華永道對數字孿生的好 處的看法，展示用於構建切合需要的數字孿生 的評估模型，概述數字孿生生態系統關鍵要素 的發展框架，以及其他城市如何應用數字孿生 的案例。本文還探討了在實施數字孿生時常見 的挑戰，以及大灣區進行數字孿生發展的前景 和機遇。 Digital Twins in SmartCity1智慧城市中的數字孿生 What is a digitaltwin A dig

5、ital twin is a digital model or replica of a physical asset, be it a product, an organisation, a public infrastructure or even an entire city. It has a wide range of applications from conducting diagnostics on organisational health, augmenting service designs to enabling more effective city manageme

6、nt. In the context of a smart city, a digital twin of the city continuously collects information from the built environment (via technologies such as sensors, drones, or mobile devices). It is made possible with the use of remote communication technologies such as WiFi and Bluetooth as well as throu

7、gh Internet of Things (IoT) sensors that gather data from the physical world to reconstruct an identical digital copy of the city. Apart from IoT, the use of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence (AI), cloud computing, machine learning and advanced analytics also enhance the accuracy and dynamism of thi

8、s replica, allowing static, historical and real- time data to be processed and synthesised almost immediately to provide valuable insights about the performance of the city. Therefore, a digital twin can be considered as a “strategy accelerator” that facilitates public sector organisations to identi

9、fy insights and connections more effectively, and to drive to better solutions with more confidence. 數字孿生是產品，機構，公共基礎設施甚至整 個城市的數字模型或實物資產的副本。它具有 廣泛的應用 從對機構進行監測，增強服務 設計到實現更有效的城市管理。在智慧城市的 背景下，城市的數字孿生不斷（通過傳感器， 無人機或流動裝置等的技術）從建筑環境中收 集信息。通過使用遠程通信技術（例如WiFi和 藍牙），物聯網（IoT）傳感器以及從現實世界 收集數據，能實現構建與城市相同的數字副本。 除物聯網外，

10、運用大數據，人工智能（AI）， 云計算，機器學習和分析的功能，亦可提高數 字副本的準確性和動態性，令數字副本可即時 處理和綜合靜態，歷史和實時數據，提供有關 城市表現的見解。因此，數字孿生可被視為 “戰略加速器”，促進公共部門機構更有效地 洞察數據與城市管理的關聯，并為公共機構推 動更佳的解決方案注入信心。 什么是數字孿生 Digital Twins in SmartCity2智慧城市中的數字孿生 Harnessing the power of data and real-time simulation to build insight-driven public sector organis

11、ations In the face of intensifying global competition and growing complexity in urban challenges, cities are encountering increasing pressure for more efficient resource allocation and proper city management. In fact, there is growing recognition amongst public sector organisations from around the w

12、orld on the value of leveraging real time digital data for monitoring performance of existing public services, improving city planning and optimising decision making of policy makers. By feeding different sources of dynamic data to a digital twin, there is potential for this replica to testbed ideas

13、 or simulate what-if scenarios for the facilities, processes and city landscape which one wished to change before actually putting actual resources behind real-world implementation. Such an exercise allows for identification of potential issues in any proposed plans or initiatives before they actual

14、ly happen, thus allowing organisations to further tailor their actions and mitigate the risks early on. From a city management perspective, a digital twin of a building or even an entire city can greatly assist in urban planning as well as the operation and maintenance (O Data transmission through c

15、onnectivity networks; Data storing, processing and Data usage through applications that are able to translate data inputs into valuable insights and provide real-time diagnostic of situation. 支持數字孿生的構建和采用所需的基礎建設 包括: 數據收集和生產：數據收集和生產：通過傳感器（由設備管理 平臺管理），流動裝置和智能追蹤設備，進 行數據收集和生產； 數據傳輸：數據傳輸：通過連接網絡進行數據傳輸；數據傳

16、輸； 數據存儲數據存儲、處理和交換：處理和交換：通過平臺匯整來自 各個數據點和系統的數據，進行數據存儲數據存儲， 處理和交換處理和交換 數據使用：數據使用：通過應用程式進行數據使用數據使用，這 些應用程序可以將數據整合并輸入轉換為有 價值的見解以及提供實時狀況診斷。 Protecting privacy and security are key to establish trust in a digital world. 保護隱私和安全是在 數字世界中建立信任 的關鍵。 Digital Twins in SmartCity智慧城市中的數字孿生7 The concept of digital t

17、wins has immense potential to be applied across different industries, sectors and cities in order to optimise productivity and performance. The diagram below shows the potential use cases of digital twins in both public and private sectors, and how individuals interact with it: 數字孿生的概念具有巨大的潛力，可以在不 同

18、的行業，部門和城市中應用，以優化生產 力和性能。下圖顯示了公營和私營部門中數 字孿生的潛在使用案例，以及個人與數字孿 生的互動： 為什么選擇數字孿生 來自世界各地的例子 Why digital twins examples from around the world Potential use cases 數字孿生的潛在使用案例 City management Urban planning and designing Public safety Virtual test-bedding to validate provision of services, e.g. 3D modelling o

19、f the new Sport Hub with semantic information to simulate crowd dispersion to establish evacuation procedures during an emergency; Planning and decision making, Virtual Singapore is a holistic and integrated platform to develop analytical applications, e.g. apps to analyse transport flows and pedest

20、rian movement patterns; and R 以虛擬測試進行服務驗證，例如Sport Hub的3D建模，可模擬人群分散情況， 並建立在緊急情況下疏散程序; 規劃和決策；Virtual Singapore是分析應 用程序的平臺，例如分析交通流量和行人 運動方式的應用程序；和 研發，將數據提供給研究團體，以革新建 立新技術的能力。 Digital Twins in SmartCity智慧城市中的數字孿生9 New South Wales Government of Australia has launched a virtual 4D model of Western Sydney

21、areas built and natural environment, with data such as buildings, strata plans, terrain, property boundaries, and utilities (e.g. power, water and sewer pipes). The 4D model is a 3D depiction with the addition of time so that users can create models based on historical or future scenarios. The model

22、 has brought great benefits as it enables: 澳大利亞新南威爾士州政府已啟動了悉尼西 部地區建筑和自然環境的虛擬4D模型，其中 包含建筑物，地層平面圖，地形，物業邊界 和公用事業（例如電力，自來水和下水道） 等數 據。4D模型是帶有時間的3D描繪，因此 用戶可以根據歷史或未來場景創建模型。該 模型具有以下重大優點： Urban planners, developers and policymakers to make more informed decisions and to enable integrated city planning; Data

23、from public agencies and private sector to be brought together, hence enabling the government to better communicate plans for infrastructure development; and Better prediction and management of traffic congestion, monitoring of land cover and structural changes, bushfire prediction. 城市規劃師，地產商和政策制定者做

24、出更 明智的決策，并實現整合的城市規劃； 將公營機構和私營部門的數據匯整，使 政府能夠更好地傳達基礎建設的發展計 劃；和 更好地預測和管理交通擁堵，監測土地覆 蓋和結構變化，以及預測山火。 10Digital Twins in SmartCity智慧城市中的數字孿生 Amaravati, India is the first greenfield city borne out of digital twin. It enables planners, architects, engineers, and policy makers to work in unison towards achie

25、ving collective design, policy, social, and financial goals. Scenarios are developed in advance to optimize outcomes, also adjusted on the fly to keep pace with change. New digital services and functions planned to be included as part of the digital twin include: Real-time construction progress moni

26、toring, environmental and wellness monitoring, et al. via ubiquitous, multi-nodal IoT sensors; Advanced mobility and traffic monitoring and simulations; Advanced microclimate and climate change monitoring and simulations; Digital “drag and drop” building permit submissions; Digital zoning, setback,

27、environmental, traffic, and other statutory compliance-related preliminary analysis; and Digital twin user ID scheme for every Amaravati citizen that will serve as a single citizen portal for all government information, notifications, forms, and applications. 印度阿馬拉瓦蒂（Amaravati）是第一個由數 字孿生衍生的發展中城市。它使規

28、劃人員， 建筑師，工程師和政策制定者能夠齊心協力 實現集體設計，政策，社會和財務目標。預 先建立場景以優化結果，并配合變化進行實 時的調整。計劃納入數字孿生的新數字化服 務和功能包括： 實時施工進度監控，環境和健康監控等。 通過無處不在的多節點物聯網傳感器; 流動性和交通監控及模擬; 先進的微氣候和氣候變化監測與模擬; 數字“拖放”建筑許可證提交; 數字分區，危機，環境，交通和其他遵規相 關的初步分析；和 Amaravati公民的數字孿生用戶ID方案，將 成爲單一便民窗口，用作處理所有政府信 息，通知，表格和應用程序。 11Digital Twins in SmartCity智慧城市中的數字孿

29、生 While the application of digital twins is promising, it comes with a whole set of challenges that both public and private organisations may encounter when developing and executing the strategy. Some common challenges include: Vision Establishing a clear vision and KPIs Implementation of digital tw

30、ins can be a resource-intensive exercise involving a wide range of stakeholders. Establishing common understanding of the vision of such implementation and developing a set of performance indicators are key to a successful digital twin implementation. Implementation coordination Vision is just the s

31、tart, delivery is the hard part. At present, Governments are facing challenges like too much choice and too many cooks. Cities need to have an effective mechanism to coordinate and govern the approach to and contents of digital twin implementation. 盡管數字孿生的應用前景廣闊，但是公共和私 人機構在制定和執行該策略時亦可能遇到一系 列挑戰。一些常見的

32、挑戰包括： 愿景愿景 建立清晰的愿景和關鍵績效指標建立清晰的愿景和關鍵績效指標 數字孿 生的實施可能會動用大量資源，並牽涉不同 領域的持份者。建立對此類實施愿景的共 識，并制定一套績效指標，對于成功實施數 字 孿生至關重要。 實施協調實施協調 愿景只是起點，而交付才是困 難的部分。目前，各國政府面臨的挑戰包括 過多的選擇和過多的聲音。因此，城市需要 有一個有效的機制來協調和管理數字孿生實 施的方法和內容。 數字孿生是智慧城市 發展的基礎，但亦不可避免地 Digital twins underpin Smart City development, but inevitably come with

33、 challenges 面臨挑戰 12Digital Twins in SmartCity智慧城市中的數字孿生 Data Quality and sufficiency of data Historic data may be duplicative or lack the level of detail and accuracy needed for use with the desired Digital Twin Model and technological solutions such as AI. Willingness to share data Stakeholders may

34、 be reluctant to share data with other parties, especially sensitive or personal data. A robust accountability framework (discussed below) would be required to encourage sharing of data while offering a sufficient degree of protection to those parties sharing data. Data standards Lack of consistent

35、data standards and rules for collecting data, creating difficulty for different units to share data, create synergies through collaboration and maximise the value of data. Updated information The need for systematic updating mechanism to constantly update static object and scanning of new objects to

36、 ensure accuracy of digital twins in real world representations for accurate decision making. Talent Competition for talent While technology such as AI can do more with less manpower, mores specialised professional such as data scientists/ engineers and architects will be needed to make sense of the

37、 abundance of information. 數據數據 數據的質量和充分性數據的質量和充分性 歷史數據可能有所重 復，或缺少與數字孿生模型和AI之類的技術 解決方案匹配的的細節和準確程度。 共享數據的意愿共享數據的意愿 持份者未必愿意與其他各 方共享數據，尤其是較爲敏感的數據或個人 數據。因此，需要有一個強而有力的問責框 架（如下所述）來鼓勵數據共享，同時為共 享數據的各方提供足夠程度的保護。 數據標準數據標準 缺乏一致的數據標準和規則來收 集數據，導致不同部門難以共享數據，無法 通過協作創造協同效益，及最大化數據 價值。 更新信息更新信息 需要一套系統更新機制來不斷更 新靜態物件并掃

38、描新出現的物件，以確保與 現實世界對應的數字孿生的準確性，從而做 出準確的決策。 人才人才 人才競爭 盡管AI等技術可以用更少的人力 資源來做更多的事情，事實上仍需要大量的 專業人員（例如數據科學家/工程師和建筑 師）來梳理海量的信息。 13Digital Twins in SmartCity智慧城市中的數字孿生 Accountable, Security and Privacy Information security and privacy From capture, enrichment, maintenance, usage, archiving and purging, the en

39、tire data lifecycle must be secured against malicious actors and violation of privacy rights. Accountability Lack of an accountability framework such as open data licence of data issue, evolving regulations pertaining to privacy and cybersecurity, conditions of use and liability of parties as well a

40、s IP rights will have implications on the design and execution of digital twin applications. Technology Technology platforms Different units may adopt a diversity of legacy systems or software with limited functionality for exchanging and/or sharing data, resulting in challenges in rapidly identifyi

41、ng useful information from the data, integration of different data sets such as geo-information system and building information management. Sensor deployment Brown field deployment by retrofitting on existing infrastructure and network might present more challenges than green field deployment of sen

42、sors, to ensure integration of sensor devices and network. Device Management With the number of internet-connected devices reaching 30 billion by 2020 (source: IDC), challenges lie in the provisioning and authentication, configuration and control, constant monitoring and diagnostics, and timely soft

43、ware updates and maintenance. 問責，安全問責，安全和私和私隱隱 信息安全和私隱信息安全和私隱 從獲取，充實，維護，使 用，歸檔和清除，整個數據生命周期必須確 保免受惡意行為者和侵犯私隱權的侵害。 問責問責制制 缺乏問責制框架，例如數據發布 的開放數據許可證；與私隱和網絡安全有關 而不斷更新的法規；各方的使用條件和責 任；以及知識產權，將對數字孿生應用程序 的設計和執行產生影響。 技術技術 技術平臺技術平臺 不同的部門可能會采用功能有 限的舊版系統或軟件作交換和/或共享數據， 導致無法快速識別數據或數據集（例如地理 信 息 系 統 和 建 筑 信 息 ） 內 的 有

44、 用 信息。 傳感器傳感器部署部署 通過對現有基礎建設和網絡 進行改造來進行棕地部署，可能比新發展區 土地部署感應器面臨更多挑戰，以確保感應 器設備和網 絡的整合。 設備管理設備管理 到2020年，與互聯網相連的設 備數量將達到300億（來源：IDC），其挑戰 在于身份驗證，配置和控制，持續的監測和 診斷以及及時的軟件更新和維護。 14Digital Twins in SmartCity智慧城市中的數字孿生 While digital twins promise vast benefits to both public and private sectors, it also poses im

45、plementation challenges which requires prudent planning and considerations before the benefits could be realised. When considering digital twins for smart city implementation, four key implementation considerations are outlined below: 1. Clear vision and KPIs Stakeholders have to establish common un

46、derstanding of the expected outcomes associated with the implementation of digital twins (having due regard to resource constraints) and develop an appropriate set of KPIs reflecting the benefits to be delivered by digital twins. 2. Stock-take on existing digital twins and data Being able to synchro

47、nise and integrate existing data, which may be presented in different formats and housed in different systems with different levels of granularity, is key to building a successful model that accurately reflect historical and current information for future scenario planning. A stock-taking exercise o

48、f digital twins and data would be beneficial in understanding the current landscape of adoption and data available to support future implementation. 3. Data governance stocktaking data that are of the required quality to support the application of digital twins; determining the Digital Twin Model th

49、at should be adopted; and ensuring an appropriate governance structure for the digital twins of the GBA is in place. 粵港澳大灣區發展綱要是一項國家戰略，旨 在促進大灣區9+2城市之間的緊密合作與協調， 最大程度地提高大灣區的經濟實力和區域競爭 力。技術和數據的運用顯然是增強大灣區連通性 的關鍵推動力?？缇澈献鲗τ谠鰪姶鬄硡^的資本 流動，促進創新，信息和資本交換尤其重要，其 中，信息流動的速度，多樣性和安全性在迅速變 化的經濟中至關重要。 The transformation towards a Smart Region where the 9+2 cities are interconnected by digital twins and data would unlikely be an easy undertaking. Howeve