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1、A National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient BuildingsNan Zhou,Senior Scientist,Technical Program Manager,Net Zero World Action Center,Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryApril 22,2024,BeijingIn China Energy Outlooks Deep Mitigation Scenario,overall electrification reaches 60%,led by buildings

2、 at 88%;industry only reaches 50%while transport is at 40%due to challenges electrifying some forms of trucking along with shipping and aviation.Note:Industry does not include electricity inputs to transformation sectorsElectrification in China 10%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%TotalBuildingsIndustr

3、yTransportElectrification RatesDeep Mitigation Scenario2020203020402050Increased building electrification for Cookstove Water Heating Space heating2203020502021Electrification of space heating(North)Average heating efficiencyNet zero energy buildings(share of the total building stock)Average cooling

4、 efficiencyDistributed renewable energy penetration in buildings20252Key Building Milestones Reference ScenarioDeep Mitigation Scenario2%2%3%10%5%24%15%60%2%2%3%10%4%20%6%45%97%97%97%128%97%128%98%166%250%250%262%270%274%290%298%370%4%4%6%6%8%8%16%25%Transition from fossil fuel-based heating to clea

5、ner alternatives is likely to disproportionately increase residential heating costshttps:/ gap in heating burden between different regions will be widened under a fosil-free scenario.The average heating burden in Heilongjiang Province is as high as 5.7%,which is 4.4 times that of Beijing.Annualized

6、cost of household heating per capitaWhy Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings(GEBs)?Integrate the growing share of variable renewable energyReduce costs to replacing aging electricity system infrastructure and improve system reliabilityAssist in achieving decarbonization goals through reduced fossil

7、fuel generation and increased heating electrificationOptimize energy use based on customer preferencesFLEXIBLE BUILDING LOADS CAN BENEFIT OWNERS,OCCUPANTS,AND THE ELECTRIC GRIDSource:A National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings.https:/gebroadmap.lbl.gov/4GEBs are characterized by acti

8、ve,continuous,and integrated energy useFigure source:Neukomm et al.(2019).Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings:Overview.US DOE Report.EFFICIENTPersistent low energy use minimizes demand on grid resources and infrastructureCONNECTEDTwo-way communication with flexible technologies,the grid,and occupan

9、tsSMARTAnalytics supported by sensors and controls co-optimize efficiency,flexibility,and occupant preferencesFLEXIBLEFlexible loads and distributed generation/storage can be used to reduce,shift,or modulate energy use5Roadmap objectivesEstimate the value of the untapped GEB opportunity to the power

10、 systemDefine GEB technology features and integration considerationsIdentify and prioritize barriers,and recommend key actions for all industry stakeholdersMore than 100 practitioners,researchers,regulators,policymakers,and other experts contributed to developing this RoadmapThe Roadmap presents key

11、 actions that could be taken immediately by a wide range of industry stakeholdersA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings6Efficient lighting and appliances plus a tight building envelope Load shedding allows the building to cut demand during peak hoursLoad shifting takes advantage

12、 of cheaper or cleaner power by shifting demand from one time of day to another when renewable energy is abundant on the grid.Modulating load with batteries and other electronic devices allows the building to maintain grid frequency or control system voltage.Generating power,like from rooftop solar,

13、cuts bills,reduces losses on the grid,and reduces the need for more power plants.U.S.building CO2 emissions could be reduced up to 91%vs.2005 by 2050 without increasing electricity demandEIA AEO Reference Case:Decreasing emissions stall 2030 while energy use and electricity both increaseU.S.building

14、 CO2 emissions could be reduced up to 91%vs.2005 by 2050 without increasing electricity demandOverall:A wide range of possible futures;the most aggressive may be compatible w/net zero economy-widePlausible emissions offsets allocated in proportion to building sector GHG emissions total 400 Mt CO2The

15、 most favorable scenarios require an unprecedented degree of change in the building sector that starts nowIn our aggressive benchmark scenario(#3)between now and 2050:98M and 141M fossil-or resistance-based furnaces and water heaters converted to efficient heat pumps(half sales converted)Efficient e

16、nvelope retrofits for 109M existing homes and 43B existing commercial sq.ft.(3%homes and 2%commercial sf/yr.)3/4 of homes and 1/2 commercial buildings have advanced controls for HVACCumulative demand-side CO2 reductions(2023-2050):Early retrofitting emerges as a factor with high near-term impactsEar

17、ly retrofitting behavior(e.g.,replacement before end-of-life of equipment or component)is most impactful on cumulative emissions from 2023-2050 and has strongest influence before |11Our analysis considers three areas in which the measures provide cost savings to the bulk power systemAnalyzing the sy

18、stem benefits of EE,DF and efficient ELBenefit or Cost CategoryDescriptionReduced electricity generation variable costsReduced cost of generating electricity(i.e.,fuel and variable O&M).Forecasted with hourly granularity using GridSIM.Reduced electricity generation fixed costsReduced investment in g

19、eneration capacity and fixed O&M.Driven by load growth and clean energy requirements,as forecasted using GridSIM.Reduced transmission costsDeferred investment in transmission system due to load reductions.GridSIM accounts for transmission investment costs by allowing for increases in transmission co

20、nnections between regions.Efficiency and flexibility mitigate electrification load increasesNorthwest 2050:Winter peak day with electrification and energy efficiency/demand response impactsBuilding Electrification Winter Peak Day+Electrification Winter Peak Day(without electrification)Impact of EE,D

21、F,and efficient electrificationTransportation ElectrificationWinter Peak Day(without electrification)Winter Peak Day(without electrification)Texas 2050:Summer peak day with electrification and energy efficiency/demand response impactsBuilding Electrification Summer Peak Day+Electrification Summer Pe

22、ak Day(without electrification)Impact of EE,DF,and efficient electrificationTransportation ElectrificationSummer Peak Day(without electrification)Summer Peak Day(without electrification)To put the cost savings in context,in 2050 gross benefits of the total portfolio would offset approximately 33-35%

23、of the incremental cost of decarbonizing the power system.Gross benefits of the full portfolioNote:$2022.Measure savings are derated to account for measure competition.Reduction in Incremental Cost of Power System Decarbonization due to EE,DF,and Efficient EL80 x50 Case100 x35 Case$11B/yr-$6B/yr$170

24、B/yr-$57B/yr$56B/yr-$25B/yr$304B/yr-$107B/yr2030 incremental cost of supply-side decarbonization,relative to BAU2030 Portfolio Savings2050 incremental cost of supply-side decarbonization,relative to BAU2050 Portfolio Savings2030 incremental cost of supply-side decarbonization,relative to BAU2030 Por

25、tfolio Savings2050 incremental cost of supply-side decarbonization,relative to BAU2050 Portfolio S|13GEBs could save up to$18 billion per year in power system costs by 2030,or roughly$100 to$200 billion between 2020 and 2040Notes:All in 2019 dollars.Peak demand savings are computed as the sum of imp

26、acts during each regions coincident peak hour.$100-$200 billion reflects the NPV at a social discount rate of 4%nominal(2%real).A National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings14$8 B$13 B$18 B$14 B$12 B$18 B$0$5$10$15$20Low AdoptionMid AdoptionHigh AdoptionLow REHigh REHigh Cap ValueAnnua

27、l SystemValue(2030,$Billions)Energy Capacity Transmission Deferral Ancillary Services42 GW78 GW116 GW04080120Low AdoptionMid AdoptionHigh AdoptionPeak DemandSavings(2030,GW)164 TWh 284 TWh 401 TWh 0100200300400Low AdoptionMid AdoptionHigh AdoptionAnnual EnergySavings(2030,TWh)GEB adoption would sign

28、ificantly increase existing U.S.demand response and energy efficiency capabilityNotes:2030 demand reduction capability estimates are for case only with DF deployment(i.e.,no EE).“Existing”EE covers capability developed between 2010 and 2019.“2030 Potential”EE covers modeled savings capability that c

29、ould be developed between 2021 and 2030 and is incremental to existing EE.Peak demand savings are computed as the sum of impacts during each regions coincident peak hour.A National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings15Existing(10.2)Existing(10.2)17.46.37.915.99.32.343.5 GW25.9 GW10.2 GW

30、2030 Potential(High Adoption)2030 Potential(Mid Adoption)ExistingDispatchable Peak Demand Reduction Capability(GW)DF-ONLY Residential CommercialExisting221Existing(221)235166110167118111622 TWh505 TWh221 TWh2030 Potential(High Adoption)2030 Potential(Mid Adoption)ExistingAnnual Energy Savings(TWh)DF

31、+EE Residential CommercialAvoided or deferred need for distribution capacity:Geographically targeted EE and DF deployments can help to alleviate the need for demand-related distribution system upgradesReduced need for RPS-related builds:By reducing system load,EE reduces the amount of investment in

32、renewable generation that is otherwise required to satisfy RPS requirements“Option value”:The benefits in this study are based on normal weather and load conditions.System costs can be disproportionately higher when load increases due to extreme conditionsOther consumer benefits:In addition to reduc

33、ed costs and improved reliability,GEBs can improve the satisfaction of building owners and occupants,increasing choice and flexibility in how electricity is consumed,and in some cases,improve the overall comfort of building occupants.Electrification:GEB benefits in this study would be considerably h

34、igher in a future scenario that involves significant electrification of heating and transportation.Higher electricity demand will increase the need for supporting grid infrastructure,which can be displaced through EE and demand flexibility.Additional GEB benefits not captured in this study could sig

35、nificantly increase the value estimateA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings16Thoughts on GEBs Research Agenda for ChinaDemonstrate the benefits of demand-side solutions to enable and accelerate electrificationPilot grid-interactive efficient buildings&connected communitiesPilot

36、 large-scale building retrofit programsDevelop weatherization program and subsidies for underserved populationBest practices in building retrofit incentive:Weatherization Assistance Program in the United States18Weatherization has operated for more than 40 years and is the nations largest single who

37、le-house energy efficiency programWeatherization returns$2.78 in non-energy benefits for every$1.00 invested in the ProgramBest practices in building retrofit voluntary program:Better Climate Challenge in the United States19TechnicalCold climate heat pumpsThermal storageOwner/Tenant system integrati

38、onCentral plant decarbonization Transitioning away from district steamWork with market leaders to prove out new technologies,handle technical challenges,and set the example for the rest of the market.Develop case studies and other materials to magnify impacts.Better Climate ChallengePiloting grid-in

39、teractive buildingsPiloting grid-interactive net-zero buildings,together with distributed energy systems and EV;to gradually achieve zero carbon emissions annually,monthly,daily,and hourly20https:/newscenter.lbl.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/2023_HOF_Infographic_11x17inches_V2.pdf21connectedcommuni

40、ties.lbl.govConnected CommunitiesConnected Communities22connectedcommunities.lbl.govSelected Connected Communities Projects www.energy.gov/eere/buildings/articles/meet-does-newest-connected-communities-grid-interactive-efficient-buildings10 Selected Projects$61 Million Total fundingFinal Awards made

41、 March 2023“Thank you!Contact information:Nan Zhou:NZhoulbl.govVirginie Letschert:VLetschertlbl.govBENEFIT 1:Avoid costly investment on the supply side;reduce the cost of energy transition |24Source:buildings2050.lbl.govEnergy transition and electrification can provide significant long-term net bene

42、fits to rural populations,though short-term energy burden may increase and will require financial assistanceBENEFITS 2:improved air quality and health benefitsRural cooking and heating transformation costs and monetized health benefits related to avoided PM2.5-associated premature deaths at the medi

43、um value of statistical life(VSL)level in 2035 and 2050https:/ an extreme heat wave in early September 2022,Californias power grid had trouble meeting record-breaking electricity demand as consumers turned up their air conditioning to keep cool.Within five minutes of the text alert,electricity deman

44、d in CAISO declined by more than 2,100 MW from the hour-ahead forecast.BENEFIT 4:Maintain grid reliability during extreme weather events https:/www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=54039BENEFIT 5:Enhance energy security through GEBs solutionsRoadmap objectivesEstimate the value of the untapped GE

45、B opportunity to the power systemDefine GEB technology features and integration considerationsIdentify and prioritize barriers to GEB deployment and to achieving the untapped potentialDefine options for overcoming the barriers,and recommend key actions for all industry stakeholdersMore than 100 prac

46、titioners,researchers,regulators,policymakers,and other experts contributed to developing this RoadmapThe Roadmap presents key actions that could be taken immediately by a wide range of industry stakeholdersA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings28Roadmap scope and boundariesSCOP

47、E&APPROACHAUDIENCE Focuses on opportunities for residential and commercial building loads over the next ten years(to 2030)Discusses all DERs with a particular focus on the efficiency and active management of building electricity consumption Includes actionable recommendations for all electricity ind

48、ustry stakeholders with a potential interest in GEBs Does not prescribe specific actions but provides options to realize GEB benefitsThe$100-$200 Billion GEB OpportunityDefine GEB measures to represent the best commercially available technology for major building end-usesSimulate GEB technology perf

49、ormance for thousands of individual buildings on an 8,760 hourly basisScale building characteristics by region,to align with the size,mix,and weather characteristics of 22 U.S.regionsAdjust estimates to reflect achievable adoption rates and stock turnover,based on review of regional and national EE

50、and DR studiesDevelop forecasts of system costs through 2030,including generation capacity,energy,ancillary services,and transmission capacityEvaluate ability of GEB measures to avoid forecasted system costs,including dynamic dispatch of DF measuresLBNL/NREL analysisNRELs ResStock&DOEs Commercial Pr

51、ototype modelsBTOs Scout modelBrattle analysisNRELs Cambium datasetBrattles LoadFlex modelThe power system value of GEBs was quantified using a sophisticated suite of modeling tools developed by DOE,LBNL,NREL,and BrattleA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings31GEBs could save up

52、to$18 billion per year in power system costs by 2030,or roughly$100 to$200 billion between 2020 and 2040Notes:All in 2019 dollars.Peak demand savings are computed as the sum of impacts during each regions coincident peak hour.$100-$200 billion reflects the NPV at a social discount rate of 4%nominal(

53、2%real).A National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings32$8 B$13 B$18 B$14 B$12 B$18 B$0$5$10$15$20Low AdoptionMid AdoptionHigh AdoptionLow REHigh REHigh Cap ValueAnnual SystemValue(2030,$Billions)Energy Capacity Transmission Deferral Ancillary Services42 GW78 GW116 GW04080120Low Adoptio

54、nMid AdoptionHigh AdoptionPeak DemandSavings(2030,GW)164 TWh 284 TWh 401 TWh 0100200300400Low AdoptionMid AdoptionHigh AdoptionAnnual EnergySavings(2030,TWh)GEB adoption would significantly increase existing U.S.demand response and energy efficiency capabilityNotes:2030 demand reduction capability e

55、stimates are for case only with DF deployment(i.e.,no EE).“Existing”EE covers capability developed between 2010 and 2019.“2030 Potential”EE covers modeled savings capability that could be developed between 2021 and 2030 and is incremental to existing EE.Peak demand savings are computed as the sum of

56、 impacts during each regions coincident peak hour.A National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings33Existing(10.2)Existing(10.2)17.46.37.915.99.32.343.5 GW25.9 GW10.2 GW2030 Potential(High Adoption)2030 Potential(Mid Adoption)ExistingDispatchable Peak Demand Reduction Capability(GW)DF-ONL

57、Y Residential CommercialExisting221Existing(221)235166110167118111622 TWh505 TWh221 TWh2030 Potential(High Adoption)2030 Potential(Mid Adoption)ExistingAnnual Energy Savings(TWh)DF+EE Residential CommercialEquivalent to more than 50 medium-sized coal plants,or 17 million carsCO2 savings opportunitie

58、s vary by regionNationally,GEBs could save 80 million tons of CO2 annually by 2030,or 6%of all power sector CO2 emissionsRegional Emissions Reduction per MWh of Energy Savings from GEBs(2030)A National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings340100200300400500NortheastCaliforniaNorthwestSout

59、hwestTexasSoutheastRocky MountainsGreat Lakes/Mid AtlanticLower MidwestUpper Midwestkg CO2 per MWh SavedHigh REMid AdoptionLow REAvoided or deferred need for distribution capacity:Geographically targeted EE and DF deployments can help to alleviate the need for demand-related distribution system upgr

60、adesReduced need for RPS-related builds:By reducing system load,EE reduces the amount of investment in renewable generation that is otherwise required to satisfy RPS requirements“Option value”:The benefits in this study are based on normal weather and load conditions.System costs can be disproportio

61、nately higher when load increases due to extreme conditionsOther consumer benefits:In addition to reduced costs and improved reliability,GEBs can improve the satisfaction of building owners and occupants,increasing choice and flexibility in how electricity is consumed,and in some cases,improve the o

62、verall comfort of building occupants.Electrification:GEB benefits in this study would be considerably higher in a future scenario that involves significant electrification of heating and transportation.Higher electricity demand will increase the need for supporting grid infrastructure,which can be d

63、isplaced through EE and demand flexibility.Additional GEB benefits not captured in this study could significantly increase the value estimateA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings35The GEB Vision and IntegrationThe GEB vision is to transition buildings toward more sophisticated

64、and valuable forms of energy efficiency and grid interactivityThe Building Efficiency and Grid Interactivity SpectrumA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings37Source:Adapted from the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy(ACEEE)(2020)There are several layers of systems b

65、etween the building and the gridTwo types of technology integration will be important:1.Integration between layers,which maximizes performance and avoids conflicts between competing objectives2.Integration across multiple end-uses,which takes advantage of synergies between end-use systemsFor GEB per

66、formance to advance,various systems,technologies,and user interfaces will need to be integratedGEB Technology LayersA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings38Developing the GEB technology pipeline will unlock new opportunities to improve building efficiency and grid-interactivity

67、GEB Technology Pipeline,with Examples for Each Technology LayerA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings39The integration of DERs with buildings is a critical element of the GEB visionA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings40Improved tools that quantify the mark

68、et potential and communicate the value proposition of GEB-DER integration to designers,construction firms,building owners,and customers.Data for building load forecasts and operational optimization,and the validation of continual benefits and durability of technologies.Cost-effective upgrades to exi

69、sting buildings with grid-interactive technologies and include advanced diagnostics and integrate DER controls.Workforce education and training to close knowledge gaps regarding how to best integrate DERs with demand flexibility.Exploring the pros and cons of integrated DERs at individual buildings

70、versus larger-scale DERs where building loads are integrated as part of a community scale-controlled system.Cross-cutting Research Needs for Increased Integration of DERs in GEBsRecommendations for Accelerating GEB AdoptionBarriers at all points in the value chain need to be overcome in order to max

71、imize the value of GEBsThe GEB Value Chain and Key BarriersDevelopSoftware/Hardware DevelopersResearchersExample barriers Lack of standardization and interoperability Insufficient algorithms for controlling flexible loads Lack of thermal storage tech to provide flexibilityDeployInstallersAggregators

72、/ESCOsUtilitiesExample barriers Restrictive wholesale market rules limit aggregator incentives to deploy technology EE&DF value under-represented in utility planning,limiting aggregator opportunities Lack of awareness or training among installersAdoptConsumersBuilding Owners/ManagersExample barriers

73、 Insufficient value proposition Lack of awareness or understanding of opportunities Technology too complex Technology too expensive Privacy/cybersecurity concernsUtilizeUtilitiesISOs/RTOsExample barriers Dont trust DF performance,or view it as risky resource Lack of incentive to pursue EE&DF over tr

74、aditional investments Strong lobbying by competing resources creates uneven playing field for demand-side resourcesRegulate,Support,FacilitateState and Federal Policymakers and Regulators Researchers and Advocacy GroupsExample barriers Lack of information upon which to develop supporting policies La

75、ck of EE and DF“champion”Status quo biasA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings42PILLAR 1Advancing GEBs through research and developmentPILLAR 2Enhancing the value of demand flexibility to consumersPILLAR 3Empowering GEB users and operationsPILLAR 4Supporting demand flexibility d

76、eployment through state and federal enabling programs and policiesRecommendations in the Roadmap are organized around four“pillars”that are integral to supporting GEB adoption and overcoming the barriers$A National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings43Pillar 1:Advancing GEBs through res

77、earch and developmentA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings44RecommendationExample ActionResearch,Develop and Accelerate Deployment of GEB TechnologiesSupport development and field testing of user-friendly,affordable integrated whole-building control and grid service deliveryAcc

78、elerate Technology Interoperability to Optimize Efficiency and Demand Flexibility PerformanceAccelerate adoption of existing open standards,particularly at the application layerCollect and Provide Data and Develop Methods for Benchmarking and Evaluating Demand Flexibility Technology&Whole Building P

79、erformanceExpand EE benchmark dataset and benchmarkingtools to incorporate demand flexibilityPillar 2:Enhancing the Value of GEBs to Consumers and UtilitiesA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings45RecommendationExample ActionImprove and Expand Innovative Customer Demand Flexibili

80、ty Program OfferingsDesign and market demand flexibility programs with a focus on consumer preferencesExpand Consumer Knowledge and Consideration of Price-based ProgramsPlan for full scale deploymentIntroduce Incentives for Utilities to Deploy Demand Flexibility ResourcesIdentify and evaluate the ap

81、propriate incentive mechanisms to encourage investment in demand-side programsComprehensively Incorporate Demand Flexibility into Utility Resource PlanningEnsure that a comprehensive list of demand-side measures are considered in the analysis,and account for all applicable value streamsPillar 3:Empo

82、wering GEB Users and OperationsA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings46RecommendationExample ActionUnderstand How Users Interact with GEBs and the Role of TechnologyEvaluate the relationship between prices,incentives,technology and load flexibilityDevelop Tools to Support Decisi

83、on Making on Design and Operation of GEBsEnhance capabilities of existing building performance tools to include demand flexibility and GHG emissions informationLeverage Existing Building-Related Workforce Programs to Integrate Advanced Building Technology and Operations Education and TrainingEstabli

84、sh building training and assessment centersPillar 4:Supporting GEB Deployment through State and Federal Enabling Programs and PoliciesA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings47RecommendationExample ActionLead by ExampleGovernment building participation in demand response and energ

85、y efficiency programs and marketsExpand Funding and Financing Options for GEB TechnologiesIdentify how requirements of existing financing and funding mechanisms for EE can be modified to include demand flexibilityExpand Codes and Standards to Incorporate Demand FlexibilityCombine grid-interactive re

86、quirements and open standards for automated communication with energy efficiency requirementsConsider Implementing Demand Flexibility in State Targets or Mandates Consider establishing statewide or utility-specific demand flexibility procurement requirementsDOE has established a goal of tripling ene

87、rgy efficiency and demand flexibility in residential and commercial buildings by 2030,relative to 2020 levelsAll stakeholders play an important role in successfully implementing the Roadmap recommendations and achieving this ambitious goalStrong leadership that works effectively across all key marke

88、t actors,policy and program actors,and other stakeholder groups is necessary to successfully realize this enormous opportunityGiven its national scope,resources,legal authorities,convening power,and new commitment to forceful measures to mitigate CO2 emissions,DOE will play a central role in advanci

89、ng GEBs as a resource for the future U.S.clean energy economy and modern electric grid,and to make the nations homes and buildings more affordable and sustainable.Putting the recommendations into actionA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings48AppendixRECOMMENDATION 1Research,Deve

90、lop and Accelerate Deployment of GEB TechnologiesSet R&D targets to make grid-interactive equipment cost-effective and easier to install and operate,prioritizing thermal energy systemsExplore opportunities to integrate and control affordable thermal energy storageSupport development and field testin

91、g of user-friendly,affordable integrated whole-building control and grid service deliveryDevelop and demonstrate integrated low-carbon building retrofit packages that leverage GEBsPillar 1:Advancing GEBs through research and developmentA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings50REC

92、OMMENDATION 2Accelerate Technology Interoperability to Optimize Efficiency and Demand Flexibility PerformanceAccelerate adoption of existing open standards,particularly at the application layerIdentify additional open standards needed at the application layer across grid servicesStreamline delivery

93、of GEB applications and capabilities by providing standard solutions for data interpretabilityProvide system and device level reporting capabilitiesEnable users to provide control permissions to trusted third-party applications and servicesField validate the benefits of enhanced interoperabilityExpl

94、ore methods to rate or score interoperability of devices and buildingsRECOMMENDATION 3Collect and Provide Data and Develop Methods for Benchmarking and Evaluating Demand Flexibility Technology&Whole Building PerformanceDevelop standard methods for data collection and analysis,and measurement and ver

95、ification of demand flexibility technologies and strategies.Expand energy efficiency benchmark datasets and benchmarking tools to incorporate demand flexibilityA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings51RECOMMENDATION 1Improve and Expand Innovative Customer Demand Flexibility Progr

96、am OfferingsDesign and market demand flexibility programs with a focus on consumer preferencesPackage demand flexibility with other consumer offeringsConsider additional value streams in incentive-based demand flexibility program compensationReview existing programs for opportunities to modernize de

97、signDevelop partnerships between utilities and aggregators to help implement incentive-based demand flexibility programsResearch and socialize data on innovative demand flexibility programsEncourage innovative demand flexibility programs and pilotsRECOMMENDATION 2Expand Consumer Knowledge and Consid

98、eration of Price-based ProgramsConsider customer adoption of EE and demand flexibility measures as part of broader rate design objectivesUnderstand customer enrollment and bill impacts Take an inclusive approach to marketing the new options to consumersPlan for full scale deploymentPillar 2:Enhancin

99、g the Value of GEBs to Consumers and UtilitiesA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings52RECOMMENDATION 3Introduce Incentives for Utilities to Deploy Demand Flexibility ResourcesIdentify and evaluate the appropriate incentive mechanisms to encourage investment in demand side progra

100、msAssess whether and how the incentive mechanisms of interest may comport with existing laws and regulationsDevelop key design parameters and metrics for the adopted incentive mechanisms,as well as the process for setting specific program targetsEvaluate customer impacts when estimating the cost-eff

101、ectiveness of the new incentive mechanismPerform research studies and provide technical assistanceConsider underserved communities when establishing performance metricsIdentify opportunities for improving demand flexibility access to wholesale marketsRECOMMENDATION 4Comprehensively Incorporate Deman

102、d Flexibility into Utility Resource PlanningEnsure that a comprehensive list of demand side measures are considered in the analysisAccount for all applicable value streamsDevelop robust representation of demand flexibility measure performance characteristicsAccount for interactions between demand si

103、de resourcesIncrease consideration of Non-Wires Solutions(NWS)Research and socialize best practices for incorporating demand side resources into resource planningA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings53RECOMMENDATION 1Understand How Users Interact with GEBs and the Role of Techn

104、ologyUnderstand user perceptions of the value of providing demand flexibilityOpenly document technology installation,configuration,and operation experiencesQuantify user preferences for building service levels and availabilityEvaluate the relationship between prices,incentives,technology and load fl

105、exibilityPillar 3:Empowering GEB Users and OperationsA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings54RECOMMENDATION 2Develop Tools to Support Decision Making on Design and Operation of GEBsEnhance capabilities of existing building performance tools to include demand flexibility and GHG

106、emissions informationValidate GEB decision support tools by comparing field data with simulation dataCollect and publish data on the hard and soft costs of installing and configuring advanced sensing and control technologies needed for a fully optimized GEB and related DERsDevelop advanced data-driv

107、en analysis methods to support GEB technology decision support,design and selection toolsRECOMMENDATION 3Leverage Existing Building-Related Workforce Programs to Integrate Advanced Building Technology and Operations Education and TrainingEstablish skill and credential standards relevant to advanced

108、building technologies and operationsExpand relevant curricula,training programs,and certificationsBroaden relevant workforce development programsDevelop resources and provide funding to facilitate outreach to students in K-12 schools,community colleges,and universitiesEstablish building training and

109、 assessment centersA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings55RECOMMENDATION 1Lead by ExampleIntegrate demand flexibility in initiatives for corporate partnershipsPromote demand flexibility for ESPCParticipate in demand response and energy efficiency programs and marketsBroaden bui

110、lding energy tracking requirements in public buildingsRECOMMENDATION 2Expand Funding and Financing Options for GEB TechnologiesEvaluate financing and funding mechanisms and determine if new financial assistance mechanisms are neededIdentify how requirements of existing financing and funding mechanis

111、ms for EE can be modified to include demand flexibilityPromote partnerships between utilities and entities that receive public fundingPillar 4:Supporting GEB Deployment through State and Federal Enabling Programs and PoliciesA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings56RECOMMENDATION

112、 3Expand Codes and Standards to Incorporate Demand FlexibilityDetermine aspects of demand flexibility that may be considered for codificationCombine grid-interactive requirements and open standards for automated communication with energy efficiency requirementsProvide technical assistance to governm

113、ent entities and professional organizations responsible for codes and standards developmentRECOMMENDATION 4Consider Implementing Demand Flexibility in State Targets or Mandates Conduct research to assess cost-effective and achievable demand flexibility potential for a given jurisdiction or service t

114、erritoryConsider implementing peak reduction standardsConsider establishing statewide or utility-specific demand flexibility procurement requirementsA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings57This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government

115、.While this document is believed to contain correct information,neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof,nor The Regents of the University of California,nor any of their employees,makes any warranty,express or implied,or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy,completene

116、ss,or usefulness of any information,apparatus,product,or process disclosed,or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.Reference herein to any specific commercial product,process,or service by its trade name,trademark,manufacturer,or otherwise,does not necessarily constitute

117、 or imply its endorsement,recommendation,or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof,or The Regents of the University of California.The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof

118、,or The Regents of the University of California.Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory is an equal opportunity employer.COPYRIGHT NOTICEThis manuscript has been authored by an author at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231 with the U.S.Department of

119、 Energy.The U.S.Government retains,and the publisher,by accepting the article for publication,acknowledges,that the U.S.Government retains a non-exclusive,paid-up,irrevocable,worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript,or allow others to do so,for U.S.Government purposesDisclaimerA National Roadmap for Grid-Interactive Efficient Buildings58