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1、We recommend viewing this website with the latest version of your PDF reader.Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association,Inc.Climate ChangeVehicle Fuel EfficiencyNext-Generation Vehicles and CO2 Reductions at Manufacturers FacilitiesHazardous SubstancesRecyclingEmissionsMeasuring Motor Vehicle Fuel C
2、onsumption and Emissions233PageAutomobile Manufacturing:A Core IndustryMotor VehiclesAutomotive Shipments in Value TermsAutomotive TradeAutomobile-Related Industries and Total Employment4566789.ProductionNew RegistrationsImported Vehicle SalesUsed Vehicle SalesMotor Vehicles in Use and Motor Vehicle
3、 DensityExportsExports by DestinationMotorcycles1010111112ProductionSalesMotorcycles in UseExportsExports by DestinationRoad Safety131314Road SafetyVehicle Safety Features and SystemsAutomated Driving.15151616171818Attention to the Environment192022TaxesTaxes on AutomobilesTax Incentive MeasuresThe
4、Burden on Motor Vehicle Users2323Vehicle-Based SystemsDrivers Licenses and the Driving PopulationMotor Vehicle Classification242525Global OperationsOverseas ProductionOverseas Production VolumesGlobal Industry Ties2728292930Motor Vehicles WorldwideGlobal ProductionNew RegistrationsMotor Vehicles&Mot
5、orcycles in Use/Motor Vehicle&Motorcycle DensityExportsCustoms Tariffs,EPAs-FTAs31323333Japan Mobility Show(formerly the Tokyo Motor Show)JAMA Member ManufacturersLocations of Auto Manufacturing PlantsRelated Automotive Associations.Contents.THE MOTOR INDUSTRY OF JAPAN 2023.1970197519801985199019952
6、000200520102012201320142015201620172018201920202021Machinery IndustriesAutomotive ShipmentsAutomotive55,402104,381179,787205,524235,030233,625237,994250,271262,120260,379274,092281,230286,222272,496287,242297,880292,528287,305317,08265,648113,063178,956177,543182,687140,727119,630168,964181,463180,1
7、21179,053192,022178,420156,693176,867186,520177,476151,183197,18830,54739,08781,18663,83678,21764,96462,18967,11689,11489,22888,05994,22096,79588,89297,620102,29096,14294,527119,50737,27765,731106,465130,944185,736176,465155,868140,159122,920128,607130,606139,328143,057143,986151,989158,217159,65315
8、2,036158,81168,028106,112175,998241,904332,249298,844304,132312,108306,186330,816320,911337,273359,715363,611392,279412,807397,686376,065416,71773,305108,213222,346408,422545,286548,309595,817495,083442,848369,426368,283394,772408,060376,748398,955418,426390,650389,109420,76172,758147,935249,536361,
9、793468,582442,145444,474539,999542,136564,858582,032600,633646,539649,912682,635700,906679,938602,308631,19854,673105,241212,346276,927423,106395,613400,429489,548472,962502,627519,710533,101570,524577,604606,999623,040600,154534,472563,67924.527.731.126.230.329.728.935.336.639.740.940.040.341.541.2
10、40.740.939.138.47.98.39.910.413.112.913.216.516.417.417.817.518.219.119.018.818.617.617.1ChemicalsIron&SteelNon-FerrousMetalsMetalProductsGeneralMachineryElectricalMachinery&Equipment223,008379,551682,4571,055,9321,397,4391,330,3641,385,6121,385,0371,291,1701,265,1001,271,2261,332,6781,414,3141,390,
11、2711,473,8691,532,1391,468,2741,367,4821,468,676Subtotal287,383589,807952,7241,063,2401,205,9391,155,2771,115,720988,717944,290963,841977,8851,011,9221,012,477968,0181,004,0801,041,0481,031,261983,0141,040,936Other690,3481,274,3292,146,9982,653,2063,233,7263,060,3563,035,8242,962,4172,891,0772,887,2
12、762,920,9213,051,4003,131,2853,020,3563,191,6673,318,0943,225,3343,035,5473,302,200TotalAs%of Value of Machinery ShipmentsAs%of Total Value of Manufacturing ShipmentsTransport EquipmentNotes:1.Data through 2020 includes shipments from all manufacturing operations with four or more employees.2.Compil
13、ation of data on production in value terms was discontinued in 1996 and replaced by data on shipments in value terms.3.Figures in value terms include domestic consumption tax revenue from shipments.4.“Electrical Machinery&Equipment”includes IT-related electronic parts and equipment as of 2002.COMPAR
14、ISON OF VALUE OF AUTOMOTIVE SHIPMENTS TO TOTAL VALUE OF ALL MANUFACTURING SHIPMENTSx 1 trillion yen SHIPMENTS OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN VALUE TERMS(2021)x 100 million yen SHIPMENTS OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS IN VALUE TERMS,1970-2021x 100 million yenYear20122013201420152016201720182019202
15、02021Automotive1,0401,5801,3721,2741,2521,2831,6721,6021,4891,469Paper&Pulp8,4076,9007,8018,1009,0369,15211,56511,70211,32010,372Chemicals1,8632,2412,8412,3702,1562,2152,3992,4972,4842,062Petroleum5,2245,0425,7995,5657,0555,1334,8774,4353,7113,666Iron&Steel2,0811,8071,7631,8071,7752,2192,4592,5461,6
16、112,289Non-Ferrous Metals6,4055,4486,1007,3677,7027,7278,9996,8025,7155,606General Machinery8,1008,9838,9208,2855,9336,1496,7084,9344,5945,13810,41210,96612,24413,92814,38713,59516,09614,38612,80814,28910,05310,61111,19913,02113,30612,90215,34913,80312,25213,940Electrical MachineryTransport Equipmen
17、t52,63053,34856,82058,19659,83358,25566,16259,69652,48653,785Total9,09810,3819,9809,50010,53710,78211,38710,7928,7548,894OtherSource:Survey on Planned Capital Spending,Development Bank of Japan INVESTMENTS IN EQUIPMENT OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORSx 100 million yenFiscal year02040608010012014016018
18、02002202402602803003203403602012Year2020 20212013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019Automotive563,679(17.1%)GeneralMachinery416,717(12.6%)Other1,040,936(31.5%)ElectricalMachinery&Equipment420,761(12.8%)TransportEquipment631,198(19.1%)Chemicals317,082(9.6%)Iron&Steel197,188(6.0%)Metal Products158,811(4.8%
19、)Non-FerrousMetals119,507(3.6%)Total value of all manufacturing shipmentsTotal value of automotive shipmentsBreakdown of automotive shipments:Automobiles(including motorcycles).208,371 Auto bodies and trailers.7,872 Automotive parts and accessories.347,436Total3,302,200(100%)Automotive Shipments Tot
20、al 56 Trillion Yen;Equipment Investments,1.4 Trillion Yen;R&D Expenditures,3.6 Trillion YenNote:Japans fiscal year(FY)starts on April 1 and ends on March 31 of the following year.INVESTMENTS IN EQUIPMENT OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS(FY 2021)x 100 million yenAutomotive shipments(both domestic and e
21、xport shipments,including motorcycles,auto parts,etc.)in value terms reached 56.4 trillion yen in 2021,up 5.5%from the previous year,accounting for 17.1%of the total value of Japans manufacturing shipments and 38.4%of the value of the machinery industries combined shipments.Investments in equipment
22、by the automobile industry in 2021 totalled 1.4 trillion yen and its research and development expenditures stood at 3.6 trillion yen;those figures represent roughly 20%and 30%,respectively,of the value of overall investments of Japans major manufacturing sectors.With motor vehicle exports in value t
23、erms amounting to 17.3 trillion yen in 2022 and auto-related employment in Japan totalling 5.54 million people,the automotive industry is one of the Japanese economys core industrial sectors.Automobile Manufacturing:A Core IndustryAutomotive Shipments in Value TermsTransportEquipment14,289(26.6%)Oth
24、er8,894(16.5%)Petroleum2,062(3.8%)Chemicals10,372(19.3%)Paper&Pulp1,469(2.7%)Iron&Steel3,666(6.8%)GeneralMachinery5,606(10.4%)Non-FerrousMetals2,289(4.3%)ElectricalMachinery5,138(9.6%)Automotive13,940(25.9%)Total53,785(100%)INVESTMENTS IN EQUIPMENT OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS,2012-2021x 100 milli
25、on yen07,00014,00021,0002012Fiscal year2021201320142015201620172018201920202012201320142015201620172018201920202021Automotive16,62316,70816,23815,47613,57213,37411,86311,93011,51810,226IT&Telecommunications Equipment6,5955,9986,1816,0936,0756,4278,5238,06711,55710,964Electronic Circuits,Parts&Equipm
26、ent22,71124,97228,44729,52929,25530,64630,62831,79138,79636,852Transport Equipment13,06114,37114,95314,57713,51614,65314,04713,39213,21613,986Pharma-ceuticals7,4697,5197,5348,1668,4948,5258,3699,5299,7649,431Chemicals16,47218,02718,44019,00519,04719,18020,61519,11016,37116,372General Machinery&Equip
27、ment1,4321,3921,5011,5521,5771,5981,5471,6551,5471,232Iron&Steel10,21410,72411,18911,56911,21111,25512,66013,1828,1358,377Electrical Machinery&Equipment2,2042,3372,0972,1952,2672,7532,6862,9642,7642,884Foods10,26010,56710,97110,47910,73411,40712,21312,09310,89811,784Other107,041112,615117,551118,641
28、115,748119,818123,151123,713124,566122,108Total22,06224,13727,49528,37228,07129,29629,31730,60037,16435,768Source:Survey on Research Activities in Science and Technology,Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications R&D EXPENDITURES OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORSx 100 million yenFiscalyear R&D EXP
29、ENDITURES OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS(FY 2021)x 100 million yen R&D EXPENDITURES OF MAJOR MANUFACTURING SECTORS,2012-20212012Fiscal year202120132014201520162017201820192020IT&TelecommunicationsEquipment10,226(8.4%)Other11,784(9.6%)Foods2,884(2.4%)ElectricalMachinery&Equipment8,377(6.9%)General Ma
30、chinery&Equipment16,372(13.4%)Iron&Steel1,232(1.0%)ElectronicCircuits,Parts&Equipment10,964(9.0%)Pharmaceuticals13,986(11.4%)Chemicals9,431(7.7%)Total122,108(100%)Automotive35,768(29.3%)TransportEquipment36,852(30.2%)56.450.353.452.0 53.357.1330.2288.7303.6292.1305.1313.157.860.7302.0319.262.3331.8
31、60.0322.5Sources for data in above charts:2021 Economic Census for Business Activity,Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry,Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications;2022 Census of Manufactures,Ministry of Economy,Trade and IndustryTransportequipmentOtherOtherAutomotiveElectricalmachineryChemi
32、calsChemicalsIron&steelIron&steelGeneral machineryGeneral machineryPetroleumPetroleumNon-ferrousmetalsPaper&pulpPaper&pulp010,00030,00020,00040,000AutomotiveTransportequipmentGeneralmachinery&equipmentPharmaceuticalsElectrical machinery&equipmentOtherFoodsIT&telecommunications equipmentIT&telecommun
33、ications equipmentChemicalsChemicalsElectronic circuits,parts&equipmentElectronic circuits,parts&equipmentIron&steel2Notes:1.“Passenger Cars,Trucks,Buses”includes chassis.2.FOB:Free on board;CIF:Cost,insurance,and freight.3.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result
34、indexed at 100).Source for all statistical data on this page:The Summary Report on Trade of Japan(2022),Japan Tariff Association2013201420152016201720182019202020212022Motor VehiclesExports Total142,411147,849158,912151,175161,092166,972159,052127,738147,099172,743111.7103.8107.595.1106.6103.795.380
35、.3115.2117.4104,125109,194120,463113,329118,254123,072119,71295,796107,222130,117Passenger Cars,Trucks,BusesAuto PartsMotorcycles&Motorcycle PartsChg.(%)Chg.(%)Year34,76234,75034,83034,61738,96639,90936,01729,12436,00038,4833,5243,9053,6193,2293,8723,9903,3242,8183,8764,143697,742730,930756,139700,3
36、58782,865814,788769,317683,991830,914981,750109.5104.8103.492.6111.8104.194.488.9121.5118.2 AUTOMOTIVE EXPORTS IN VALUE TERMS(FOB)x 100 million yen2013201420152016201720182019202020212022Motor VehiclesImports Total18,94820,92521,26121,02323,41925,22324,02019,51323,46926,818122.2110.4101.698.9111.410
37、7.795.281.2120.3114.310,85711,62311,39811,78113,07014,28414,08411,65313,70415,051Passenger Cars,Trucks,BusesAuto PartsMotorcycles&Motorcycle PartsChg.(%)Chg.(%)Year6,9818,1488,7708,3299,3289,8618,9066,7478,25210,0161,1091,1541,0939131,0211,0791,0301,1131,5131,751812,425859,091784,055660,420753,79282
38、7,033785,995680,108847,6071,181,410114.9105.791.384.2114.1109.795.086.5124.6139.4 AUTOMOTIVE IMPORTS IN VALUE TERMS(CIF)x 100 million yen EXPORTS BY PRINCIPAL COMMODITY(FOB)IN 2022x 10 billion yenMotor Vehicles(including motorcycles and parts)1,727(17.6%)Transport Equipment1,906(19.4%)Scientific&Opt
39、icalEquipment251(2.5%)Other1,924(19.6%)Chemicals1,179(12.0%)Non-FerrousMetals&Metal Products382(3.9%)Textile Yarn&Textiles77(0.8%)GeneralMachinery1,891(19.3%)ElectricalMachinery&Equipment1,734(17.7%)In Value Terms,Motor Vehicle Exports Total 17.3 Trillion Yen;Imports Total 2.7 Trillion YenIn 2022 Ja
40、pans gross exports and imports increased from the previous year,by 18.2%and 39.4%,respectively.In value terms,automotive exports rose 17.4%from 2021 to 17.3 trillion yen,and imports grew 14.3%year-on-year to 2.7 trillion yen.EMPLOYMENT IN THE AUTOMOBILE MANUFACTURING AND AUTO-RELATED INDUSTRIESAuto-
41、Related Employment Totals 5.54 Million PeopleAutomobiles are the focus of an extremely wide range of industrial and related activity,from materials supply and vehicle production to sales,servicing,freight shipping and other auto-centered operations.Auto-related employment in Japan at present totals
42、5.54 million people.Number of employeesTotal employment(workforce)in Japan:67.23 million(100%)Total employment in auto manufacturing&auto-related industries:5.54 million(8.2%)Automobile Production.867,000 Automobile manufacturing(including motorcycles)Auto parts and accessories manufacturing Auto bo
43、dy and trailer manufacturing.179,000.666,000.22,000Road Transport.2,793,000 Road freight transport Road passenger transport Road transport-related services Vehicle rental services Postal activities.1,777,000.476,000.387,000.50,000.103,000Automotive Fuel/Insurance/Recycling.367,000 Automotive fuel re
44、tailing Auto damage insurance Automobile recycling Automobile parking.294,000.7,400.1,600.64,000Materials&Equipment Supply.503,000 Electrical machinery&equipment Non-ferrous metals Iron&steel Metal products Chemicals(including paints),textiles,and petroleum Plastics,rubber,and glass Electronic parts
45、&equipment Manufacturing machinery Information services.82,000.20,000.113,000.37,000.31,000.149,000.29,000.5,000.37,000Sales&Services.1,009,000 Automobile retailing(including motorcycles,used vehicles,and auto parts and accessories)Automobile wholesaling(including motorcycles,used vehicles,and finis
46、hed/used parts and accessories)Automobile servicing .568,000.221,000.220,000Note:Figures are rounded off to the nearest thousand.Sources:Labor Force Survey(2022 Annual Average),Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Statistics Bureau;2021 Economic Census for Business Activity,Ministry of Ec
47、onomy,Trade and Industry,Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications;2022 Census of Manufactures,2019 Input-Output Tables for Japan,Ministry of Economy,Trade and IndustryIron&SteelProducts 474(4.8%)IMPORTS BY PRINCIPAL COMMODITY(CIF)IN 2022x 10 billion yenTransport Equipment338(2.9%)Other1,888(1
48、6.0%)Foodstuffs949(8.0%)Raw Materials811(6.9%)Mineral Fuels3,351(28.4%)Petroleum&Petroleum Products1,327(11.2%)Chemicals1,330(11.3%)Non-Ferrous Metals&Metal Products493(4.2%)GeneralMachinery928(7.9%)ElectricalMachinery&Equipment1,727(14.6%)Motor Vehicles(including motorcycles and parts)268(2.3%)Auto
49、mobile Manufacturing:A Core IndustryAutomotive TradeAutomobile Manufacturing:A Core IndustryAutomobile-Related Industries and Total EmploymentTotal9,817(100%)Total11,814(100%)3 MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTIONSource:Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry MOTOR VEHICLE PROD
50、UCTION IN VALUE TERMSTotalPassenger CarsTrucks&Busesx 1 million units MOTOR VEHICLE PRODUCTION BY TYPE IN 2022In vehicle unitsMotor Vehicle Production Totals 7.84 Million UnitsTrucks1,184,553(15.1%)Standard512,809(6.6%)Buses84,611(1.1%)Motor VehiclesProductionx 1 million yen TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE
51、PRODUCTION IN VALUE TERMS x 1 trillion yen In vehicle units0246810121405101520252013Year202220142015201620172018201920202021TotalPassenger CarsTrucks&BusesBusesTrucksLargeSubtotalSubtotalTractorsMiniSmallStandardMiniSmallStandardYearSmallSubtotalPassenger Cars2013Year20222014201520162017201820192020
52、2021Total7,835,482(100%)Standard4,063,250(51.9%)Small1,201,978(15.3%)Mini1,301,090(16.6%)Mini433,183(5.5%)Small238,561(3.0%)Passenger Cars6,566,318(83.8%)Notes:1.Passenger cars and trucks are classified under Japans Road Vehicles Act in three categories,based primarily on engine capacity:“standard”(
53、over 2,000cc),“small”(661cc-2,000cc),and“mini”(660cc and under);see page 23 for details.2.KD sets have been excluded since 1979;they represent less than 60%of the cost of compositional components per vehicle and have been treated as components since 1988.3.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous yea
54、r(with the previous years result indexed at 100).TotalIn 2022 motor vehicle production in Japan stood at 7.84 million units,down 0.1%from 2021,registering a decrease for the fourth consecutive year.Passenger car production slipped 0.8%to a total of 6.57 million units,with standard cars declining 2.5
55、%to 4.06 million units,but small cars growing 2.8%to 1.20 million units and minicars rising 1.3%to 1.30 million units.Meanwhile,truck production increased 2.6%from the previous year to 1.18 million units and bus production climbed 14.9%to 85,000 units.Sources:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Associati
56、on;Current Survey of Production,Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry12,273,52616,957,27114,108,73714,424,13817,958,82916,828,56017,922,46119,152,17519,643,50719,390,06820,426,51820,792,21320,845,953 17,391,34217,651,73319,287,438 204,060201,003197,088189,904290,674329,659409,671442,524468,112472,1
57、26463,407413,631428,976238,665185,607226,239 101,00766,98889,441109,007163,069211,359290,001318,410328,498299,220288,317275,391298,524170,077153,578183,529 103,053134,015107,64780,897127,605118,300119,670124,114139,614172,906175,090138,240130,45268,58832,02942,7104,039,1773,790,0093,104,2822,058,184
58、2,967,0982,442,3142,882,2863,167,2323,196,4452,876,5342,970,7913,066,2173,024,491 2,552,6952,982,7472,975,912 46,74564,913124,76445,453104,56775,944102,073118,091131,002129,781126,867128,658141,002106,908105,48685,670679,498591,144510,579357,765357,615323,800312,959313,522300,368290,991319,178359,48
59、3391,156 344,847346,123462,0321,519,9341,180,028849,511543,408588,224358,081479,914546,377576,037566,781538,716570,136568,616 492,720514,462458,523 1,793,0001,953,9241,619,4281,111,5581,916,6921,684,4891,987,3402,189,2422,189,0381,888,9811,986,0302,007,9401,923,7171,608,2202,016,6761,969,687 8,030,2
60、8912,966,25910,807,36712,176,05014,701,05714,056,58714,630,50415,542,41915,978,95016,041,40816,992,32017,312,36517,392,486 14,599,98214,483,37916,085,287 85,925572,188790,3031,237,6051,169,8711,207,4231,579,5101,795,4401,473,1031,280,8531,517,7861,545,6871,611,427 1,528,2891,379,2941,468,754 7,049,3
61、238,676,7154,869,4274,298,3704,178,6412,609,8612,628,9862,636,8722,458,1982,438,9062,516,3792,398,8352,357,894 2,178,4941,799,6351,980,042 895,0413,717,3565,147,6376,640,0759,352,54510,239,30310,422,00811,110,10712,047,64912,321,64912,958,15513,367,84313,423,165 10,893,19911,304,45012,636,491 198519
62、9019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022Passenger Cars1,253,8611,610,4752,113,3111,877,8931,262,943909,321483,282436,763238,776300,635327,928330,814317,182292,901306,259293,002254,310261,715238,561 258,100288,170885,1981,278,2121,249,525824,140649,180723,663520,627580,012604,768586
63、,645505,970515,521517,641506,390405,451516,988512,809 121.7116.2114.0108.1109.997.5103.2103.4121.195.7101.194.6100.6106.0100.199.683.695.199.2 3,178,7084,567,8547,038,1087,646,8169,947,9727,610,5338,359,4349,016,7358,310,3628,189,3238,277,0707,830,7227,873,8868,347,8368,359,2868,328,7566,960,4096,61
64、9,202 6,566,318 749,450160,272195,923160,592835,965916,2011,283,0941,408,7531,304,8321,682,5501,868,4101,530,7031,263,8341,484,6101,497,8981,473,2111,357,6481,284,2871,301,090 2,377,6394,198,5506,438,8476,991,4327,361,2244,140,6293,699,8933,416,6222,159,1191,888,7591,750,8951,555,5481,610,4861,715,9
65、701,605,1621,538,3801,409,9941,169,2841,201,978 51,619209,032403,338494,7921,750,7832,553,7033,376,4474,191,3604,846,4114,618,0144,657,7654,744,4714,999,5665,147,2565,256,2265,317,1654,192,7674,165,6314,063,250 1970197519801985199019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022TrucksBusesTo
66、tal551,922438,987914,6791,388,583986,171804,276594,356546,185449,776427,530425,065392,290377,921411,319433,211433,525377,970375,351433,183 2,063,8832,337,6323,913,1884,544,6883,498,6392,537,7371,726,8181,706,6111,209,1791,308,1771,357,7611,309,7491,201,0731,219,7411,257,1111,232,9171,037,7311,154,05
67、41,184,553 102.190.8115.2105.289.093.998.898.6122.7103.3103.896.591.7101.6103.198.184.2111.2102.646,56636,10591,58879,59140,18547,26654,54476,313109,334132,681139,834137,850129,743123,097113,197122,62169,80173,65984,611111.378.8146.4110.295.596.2112.7126.3126.0108.6105.498.694.194.992.0108.356.9105.
68、5114.95,289,1576,941,59111,042,88412,271,09513,486,79610,195,53610,140,79610,799,6599,628,8759,630,1819,774,6659,278,3219,204,7029,690,6749,729,5949,684,2948,067,9417,846,915 7,835,482 113.1105.9114.6107.0103.596.6102.5102.7121.496.9101.594.999.2105.3100.499.583.397.399.91970197519801985199019952000
69、200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022SmallStandardSubtotalChg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)YearMiniSmallStandardYearMiniSubtotal4 NEW MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS TRENDS IN NEW MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONSx 1 million units NEW MOTOR VEHICLE REGISTRATIONS BY TYPE IN 2022In vehicle unitsMotor Vehi
70、cle Sales Total 4.20 Million UnitsPassenger Cars116.8119.794.0100.3115.9105.6102.599.6107.499.8103.089.798.4105.8100.197.988.696.593.82,379,1372,737,6412,854,1763,104,0835,102,6594,443,9064,259,8724,748,4094,212,2674,562,2824,699,5914,215,8894,146,4584,386,3774,391,1604,301,0913,809,9813,675,6983,44
71、8,297717,170157,120174,030161,017795,948900,3551,281,2651,387,0681,284,6651,690,1711,839,1191,511,4041,344,9671,443,3671,495,7061,479,2051,331,1491,275,8361,224,9941,652,8992,531,3962,608,2152,869,5273,839,2212,654,2912,208,3872,089,9921,507,6931,472,7041,422,8831,349,9441,311,2751,394,7961,312,6261
72、,235,5441,108,077953,207877,0749,06849,12571,93173,539467,490889,260770,2201,271,3491,419,9091,399,4071,437,5891,354,5411,490,2161,548,2141,582,8281,586,3421,370,7551,446,6551,346,229197019751980198519901995200020052010201320142015201620172018201920202021202210,2568,8189,4148,7989,1626,4754,3335,856
73、4,7774,1814,4985,2606,5436,6025,1314,8763,1131,6571,66117,57211,01813,97312,77515,76310,82812,23811,8987,9987,0757,4858,1278,9558,9918,5718,7106,2215,223 3,81927,82819,83623,38721,57324,92517,30316,57117,75412,77511,25611,98313,38715,49815,59313,70213,5869,3346,8805,480104.287.497.5106.4105.997.0114
74、.597.8101.694.3106.5111.7115.8100.687.999.268.773.779.74,100,4674,308,9315,015,5105,556,8347,777,4936,865,0345,963,0425,852,0674,956,1365,375,5135,562,8885,046,5104,970,2585,234,1655,272,0675,195,2164,598,6154,448,3404,201,320106.9111.997.3102.2107.2105.2101.7100.0107.5100.1103.590.798.5105.3100.798
75、.588.596.794.42,844,5543,720,6304,002,1724,028,1325,975,0895,149,4144,095,1173,928,3513,229,7163,262,5223,290,0983,150,3103,244,7983,390,8243,347,9433,284,8702,880,5272,795,8182,563,184104.9118.893.1101.3107.4104.8102.799.1110.696.2100.895.8103.0104.598.798.187.797.191.71,255,913588,3011,013,3381,52
76、8,7021,802,4041,715,6201,867,9251,923,7161,726,4202,112,9912,272,7901,896,2001,725,4601,843,3411,924,1241,910,3461,718,0881,652,5221,638,136111.782.1118.3104.8106.3106.299.7101.7102.3106.7107.683.491.0106.8104.499.389.996.299.11970197519801985199019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212
77、022Motor VehiclesNew Registrations In vehicle units0123456782013Year202220142015201620172018201920202021TotalPassenger CarsTrucks&Buses NEW MINI-VEHICLE SALES BY TYPEIn vehicle unitsSubtotalChg.(%)YearMiniSmallStandardTrucks95.6100.7102.2104.793.7104.699.6101.8108.6102.1106.296.098.9103.0104.2101.58
78、8.598.397.61,693,5021,551,4542,137,9472,431,1782,649,9092,403,8251,686,5991,085,904731,094801,975851,314817,234808,302832,195867,205880,539779,300765,762747,543538,743431,181839,3081,367,6851,006,456815,265586,660536,648441,755422,820433,671384,796380,493399,974428,418431,141386,939376,686413,142986
79、,673999,1551,144,167945,4841,449,6781,411,2961,015,313351,708187,642235,883252,828259,936254,560255,836258,521267,007231,683231,295211,772168,086121,118154,472118,009193,775177,26484,626197,548101,697143,272164,815172,502173,249176,385180,266182,391160,678157,781122,629SubtotalChg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)C
80、hg.(%)MiniSmallStandardBusesTotalLargeSmallSubtotalYearNotes:1.Chassis-based through 2002,data compilation became vehicle registration number-based as of 2003.2.Truck figures include special-purpose vehicles(except large ones).3.Data includes imported cars.4.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous y
81、ear(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Passenger car and commercial vehicle demand in Japan in 2022 stood at 4.20 million units,a 5.6%decrease from the previous year.Total passenger car sales shrank 6.2%from 2021 to 3.45 million units,with standard cars declining 6.9%to 1.35 million unit
82、s,small cars dropping 8.0%to 877,000 units,and minicars dipping 4.0%to 1.23 million units.Meanwhile,sales of trucks slipped 2.4%from 2021 to 748,000 units and sales of buses fell 20.3%to 5,500 units.Note:“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).2000
83、20012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014201520162017201820192020202120221,281,8051,273,5701,307,2961,291,8891,372,0831,387,0681,507,5981,447,1061,426,9791,283,4291,284,6651,138,7521,557,6811,690,1711,839,1191,511,4041,344,9671,443,3671,495,7061,479,2051,331,1491,275,8361,224,994138,6
84、72120,010101,78989,53277,29777,54768,71457,50951,62242,93241,63033,02327,73025,19922,92918,53619,45616,37333,90752,54337,31028,96238,984177,143175,594163,412172,644183,995197,141204,838196,040185,806167,358180,505168,705198,843194,728194,431184,127185,927201,873208,822196,034174,479182,851206,008277
85、,295284,346258,203250,690257,775261,960242,469219,164205,486194,452219,620180,665195,192202,893216,311182,133175,110181,728185,689182,564175,150164,873168,1501,874,9151,853,5201,830,7001,804,7551,891,1501,923,7162,023,6191,919,8191,869,8931,688,1711,726,4201,521,1451,979,4462,112,9912,272,7901,896,2
86、001,725,4601,843,3411,924,1241,910,3461,718,0881,652,5221,638,13699.798.998.898.6104.8101.7105.294.997.490.3102.388.1130.1106.7107.683.491.0106.8104.499.389.996.299.1Standard122,629(3.0%)Buses5,480(0.1%)Total4,201,320(100%)Standard1,346,229(32.0%)Small877,074(20.9%)Mini1,224,994(29.2%)Mini413,142(9.
87、8%)Small211,772(5.0%)Passenger Cars3,448,297(82.1%)TotalVehiclesTotal Mini-VehiclesChg.(%)Source:Japan Mini Vehicles AssociationCommercialVehicles(“Bonnet”minivans)Passenger Cars(Minicars)CommercialVehicles(Cab-over-engineminivans)CommercialVehicles(Mini-trucks)TotalChg.(%)YearSources:Japan Automobi
88、le Dealers Association;Japan Mini Vehicles AssociationTrucks747,543(17.8%)5Motor VehiclesImported Vehicle SalesMotor VehiclesUsed Vehicle Sales TRENDS IN IMPORTED MOTOR VEHICLE SALESIn vehicle units1985199019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022YearTrucksPassenger CarsOtherTotalBuse
89、s5,722,5687,109,5367,945,8678,213,9188,106,4606,539,4966,895,0216,840,1746,786,8146,756,1226,937,5186,951,3986,988,1586,866,8676,731,0256,301,651103.3104.7105.4103.5101.397.699.799.299.299.5102.7100.2100.598.398.093.644,62054,11884,409173,475144,91087,23881,01676,53674,21776,01375,94276,25188,14480,
90、12778,80676,280116.7107.3119.1105.2106.491.498.294.597.0102.499.9100.4115.690.998.496.811,65513,37713,32715,17318,87114,16312,83012,53113,17313,20413,06613,25612,87912,19411,04010,7201,854,3252,487,9802,281,4851,783,8511,589,5521,155,8231,138,1581,100,2371,074,1991,050,1961,041,9331,054,1081,024,334
91、1,037,0781,008,437950,4641,125,5451,746,4951,538,7181,169,626980,714732,854746,631721,406700,589670,935656,703663,976641,894640,876615,311581,285589,321555,634521,244412,511368,778245,642223,734215,295211,480217,544218,601216,026213,975226,298220,661205,201139,459185,851221,523201,714240,060177,3271
92、67,793163,536162,130161,717166,629174,106168,465169,904172,465163,978103.198.3105.4102.7109.592.686.797.7105.1100.299.0101.597.294.790.597.1Chg.(%)SubtotalMiniSmallStandardChg.(%)Chg.(%)108.3102.1102.299.1101.892.697.096.797.697.899.2101.297.2101.297.294.33,811,9684,554,0615,566,6466,241,4196,353,12
93、75,282,2725,663,0175,650,8705,625,2255,616,7095,806,5775,807,7835,875,6805,737,4685,632,7425,264,187356,726304,782727,2591,448,5461,890,1541,873,4662,255,5602,367,2352,354,0772,322,5332,414,8742,449,9402,504,5762,394,9632,386,9632,225,0613,295,0923,945,0863,845,0763,050,0872,460,4101,816,6961,740,72
94、51,653,2141,602,7191,564,9821,588,7471,523,5371,485,3391,443,8891,373,1601,257,659160,150304,193994,3111,742,7862,002,5631,592,1101,666,7321,630,4211,668,4291,729,1941,802,9561,834,3061,885,7651,898,6161,872,6191,781,467100.9106.2106.6104.8101.098.9100.399.899.599.8103.4100.0101.297.698.293.5Chg.(%)
95、SubtotalMiniSmallStandardChg.(%)Notes:1.Passenger cars and trucks are classified under Japans Road Vehicles Act in three categories,based primarily on engine capacity:“standard”(over 2,000cc),“small”(661cc-2,000cc),and“mini”(660cc and under);see page 23 for details.2.Includes imported vehicles.3.“Ot
96、her”refers to emergency vehicles,special vehicles equipped with beds,refrigerated trucks,tank trucks,tractors,bulldozers,steamrollers,snowplows,snowmobiles,etc.,that are assigned special registration numbers.4.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100
97、).Sources:Japan Automobile Dealers Association;Japan Mini Vehicles AssociationVehicles produced by non-Japanese manufacturersPassenger CarsCommercial VehiclesVehicles produced by Japanese manufacturers abroadPassenger CarsCommercial Vehicles294,0601,054295,11433,54715,01248,559327,60716,066343,67310
98、4.6284,4711,025285,49628,61014,51643,126313,08115,541328,62297.8288,8301,366290,19630,84714,91745,764319,67716,283335,96097.1278,8461,694280,54052,44013,15365,593331,28614,847346,133109.5240,7581,468242,22637,28930,24467,533278,04731,712309,75989.9258,6371,115259,75256,35228,44884,800314,98929,56334
99、4,552108.4Year202220132014201520162017305,0431,045306,08828,40816,52444,932333,45117,569351,020102.12018308,3891,016309,40534,38122,48056,861342,77023,496366,266104.32019298,3781,061299,43927,88320,99448,877326,26122,055348,31695.12020254,4041,692256,09642,90918,92861,837297,31320,620317,93391.32021
100、Vehicles produced by non-Japanese manufacturersVehicles produced by Japanesemanufacturers abroadPassenger Cars TotalCommercial Vehicles TotalGrand TotalsChg.(%)Passenger CarsCommercial VehiclesTotalPassenger CarsCommercial VehiclesTotal100,0000200,000300,000400,000 IMPORTED MOTOR VEHICLES(ON CUSTOMS
101、 CLEARANCE BASIS)In vehicle unitsYearPassengerCarsChg.(%)CommercialVehiclesOtherTotal MotorVehiclesChg.(%)MotorcyclesNote:“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Source:Japan Automobile Importers AssociationNotes:1.“Other”denotes special-purpose ve
102、hicles and engine-mounted chassis.2.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Source:Trade Statistics of Japan,Ministry of Finance1980198519901995200020052010201320142015201620172018201920202021202246,28552,225251,169401,836283,582282,654230,791343,7
103、30336,764320,295331,207336,950358,221335,766282,606306,820279,52371.4118.3128.6136.0109.298.6158.4103.198.095.1103.4101.7106.393.784.2108.691.15473809112,4691,4701,42011,92216,25516,66215,87317,45520,09126,63324,93824,03630,90033,0301,0855467613903766607801,3481,27882065167283997162267159647,91753,1
104、51252,841404,695285,428284,734243,493361,333354,704336,988349,313357,713385,693361,675307,264338,391313,14972.2118.4128.6130.3109.398.4156.7103.498.295.0103.7102.4107.893.885.0110.192.517,0157,08728,69643,93674,906444,635353,260438,737410,143353,519341,254458,415540,008585,578707,491873,855854,890 U
105、SED IMPORTED VEHICLE SALESIn vehicle unitsYearChg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)TotalOtherSpecial-PurposeVehiclesTrucksPassengerCarsNotes:1.For motor vehicle classifications in Japan,see page 23.2.“Other”includes buses,large special-purpose vehicles and small-sized three-wheeled trucks.3.“Chg.(%)”means ch
106、ange from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).2013201420152016201720182019202020212022508,122504,359514,363531,335560,038565,190577,671599,081580,210555,404100.099.3102.0103.3105.4100.9102.2103.796.995.722018517120216218419515515927686.483.992.185.094.994.492.2103.098.89
107、5.94,7243,9633,6493,1032,9462,7802,5622,6382,6072,500105.498.2101.4102.4101.699.4103.4111.598.3103.615,42815,15615,37315,73615,98415,89016,43318,31918,00518,655100.099.4102.1103.5105.6101.0102.2103.596.895.4487,750485,055495,170512,294540,946546,336558,481577,969559,439533,973Source:Japan Automobile
108、 Importers Association TRENDS IN NEW AND USED MOTOR VEHICLE SALESx 1 million unitsUsed vehiclesNew vehicles USED VEHICLE SALES BY TYPE IN 2022In vehicle units USED MOTOR VEHICLE SALESIn vehicle units0123456789102013Year20222014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021310,000 New Imported Vehicles Sold in
109、TotalSales of new imported vehicles in Japan in 2022 totalled 310,000 units,down 10.1%from the previous year,with new passenger cars dropping 11.7%to 278,000 units but new commercial vehicles(trucks and buses)climbing 7.3%to 32,000 units.Meanwhile,sales of used imported vehicles fell 4.3%from the pr
110、evious year to 555,000 units,with used passenger cars declining 4.6%to 534,000 units but used trucks rising 3.6%to 19,000 units,respectively.Used Vehicle Sales Total 6.3 Million UnitsIn 2022 sales of used motor vehicles fell 6.4%from the previous year to 6.30 million units.Used passenger car sales t
111、otalled 5.26 million units,declining 6.5%from the previous year,with standard cars,small cars,and minicars dropping 4.9%,8.4%,and 6.8%to 1.78 million units,1.26 million units,and 2.23 million units,respectively.Meanwhile,sales of used trucks decreased 5.7%to 950,000 units and sales of used buses dip
112、ped 2.9%to 11,000 units.Mini581,285(9.2%)Small205,201(3.3%)Standard163,978(2.6%)Other76,280(1.2%)Total6,301,651(100%)Standard1,781,467(28.3%)Small1,257,659(20.0%)Mini2,225,061(35.2%)Buses10,720(0.2%)Passenger Cars5,264,187(83.5%)Trucks950,464(15.1%)6103.7 MOTOR VEHICLES IN USE(at end of every calend
113、ar year)TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLES IN USEx 1 million units PASSENGER CARS IN USE BY YEAR OF FIRST REGISTRATIONIn vehicle units MOTOR VEHICLES IN USE BY TYPE AT END OF 2022In vehicle unitsTrucks14,369,292(18.3%)Small3,501,679(4.5%)Mini8,411,502(10.7%)Special-Purpose Vehicles1,783,395(2.3%)Motor Vehicle
114、sMotor Vehicles in Use and Motor Vehicle Density In vehicle units080706050403020102013Year202220142015201620172018201920202021Total78,523,680(100%)Mini23,177,282(29.5%)Small18,491,389(23.5%)Standard20,488,930(26.1%)Standard2,456,111(3.1%)Buses213,392(0.3%)Passenger Cars62,157,601(79.2%)Notes:1.“Spec
115、ial-Purpose Vehicles”refers to emergency vehicles,special vehicles equipped with beds,refrigerated trucks,tank trucks,tractors,bulldozers,steamrollers,snowplows,snowmobiles,etc.,that are identified as special-purpose vehicles by special registration numbers.2.“Three-Wheeled Vehicles”includes three-w
116、heeled passenger cars,trucks,and special-purpose vehicles.3.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).5.816.326.816.976.886.585.965.726.405.725.114.464.653.113.182.4913.831002,268,4372,466,8062,658,6252,718,1072,686,3062,565,8592,326,8422,229,9922,49
117、6,2312,231,2101,995,1001,740,2841,813,7251,215,2261,239,034970,9605,394,29439,017,038April 2021-March 2022April 2020-March 2021April 2019-March 2020April 2018-March 2019April 2017-March 2018April 2016-March 2017April 2015-March 2016April 2014-March 2015April 2013-March 2014April 2012-March 2013April
118、 2011-March 2012April 2010-March 2011April 2009-March 2010April 2008-March 2009April 2007-March 2008April 2006-March 2007-March 2006Total“Vehicles in Use”TotalPassenger CarsTrucks,Buses&Special-Purpose Vehicles(Mini-trucks)(Minicars)Source:Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and TourismTrailer
119、sThree-WheeledVehicles%of“Vehiclesin Use”TotalVehicles in UseYear ofFirst Registration AVERAGE AGE BY TYPEIn years20122013201420152016201720182019202020212022Year7.958.078.138.298.448.538.608.658.728.849.03Passenger Cars10.4310.7310.9311.0911.2311.3211.4111.4211.4411.5311.67Trucks11.1211.3811.5611.7
120、611.8711.8411.8111.8311.8612.0712.39Buses AVERAGE SERVICE LIFE BY TYPEIn years20122013201420152016201720182019202020212022Year12.1612.5812.6412.3812.7612.9113.2413.2613.5113.8713.84Passenger Cars12.8113.2413.3113.7213.8914.3714.7215.1715.3115.7315.84Trucks16.8217.9117.6316.9516.8317.3917.6918.3618.3
121、118.3819.74BusesNotes:1.“Average age”means the average number of years elapsed since first registration.2.“Average service life”means average vehicle lifespan.3.“Average age”and“average service life”figures are as at the end of every fiscal year.4.The above three tables exclude mini-vehicles.Source:
122、Automobile Inspection&Registration Information Association050100150200 1.Fukui 2.Toyama 3.Yamagata 4.Gunma 5.Tochigi 6.Nagano 7.Ibaraki 8.Gifu 9.Fukushima10.Yamanashi 11.Niigata 12.Saga13.Ishikawa 14.Tottori15.Mie 16.Shimane 17.Iwate18.Shizuoka 19.Akita20.Tokushima21.Shiga22.Okayama23.Kagawa 24.Kuma
123、moto 25.Okinawa26.Miyazaki 27.Oita 28.Miyagi 29.Aichi30.Yamaguchi 31.Wakayama 32.Aomori33.Kagoshima34.Ehime35.Kochi36.Nagasaki 37.Hiroshima 38.Nara 39.Fukuoka40.Hokkaido41.Chiba42.Saitama43.Hyogo 44.Kyoto 45.Kanagawa 46.Osaka 47.Tokyo National AverageSource:Automobile Inspection&Registration Informa
124、tion AssociationA Total of 78.52 Million Motor Vehicles in UseAt the end of December 2022,motor vehicles in use in Japan(excluding motorcycles)totalled 78.52 million units,a 0.1%increase from the previous year.Passenger cars in use slipped 0.01%to 62.16 million units,with standard cars and minicars
125、rising 1.1%and 0.8%to 20.49 million units and 23.18 million units,respectively,but small cars dropping 2.3%to 18.49 million units.Whereas trucks in use increased 0.5%to 14.37 million units compared to the previous year,buses in use fell 2.3%from 2021 to 213,000 units.At the end of March 2022,the ave
126、rage service life of motor vehicles in Japan was 13.84 years for passenger cars,15.84 years for trucks,and 19.74 years for buses.At March 31,2022Passenger Cars126.6108.7104.4102.6107.1104.7102.5102.0100.6101.0101.1100.5100.7100.7100.4100.2100.1100.0100.08,778,97217,236,32123,659,52027,844,58034,924,
127、17244,680,03752,437,37557,090,78958,347,38760,035,29760,667,51760,987,34261,403,63061,803,11862,025,91662,140,47562,194,25562,164,35662,157,601 2,244,4172,611,1302,176,1102,016,4872,584,9265,775,3869,901,25814,201,71417,986,98220,090,35920,978,42421,504,19921,850,27522,160,84722,444,05322,678,32622,
128、857,85922,988,16923,177,282 6,457,18114,417,68021,011,09625,116,17930,554,65231,030,46228,593,49126,254,54623,470,00322,435,83521,974,74121,547,28221,195,62120,842,55820,383,19719,858,36119,414,01418,920,09918,491,389 77,374207,511472,314711,9141,784,5947,874,18913,942,62616,634,52916,890,40217,509,
129、10317,714,35217,935,86118,357,73418,799,71319,198,66619,603,78819,922,38220,256,08820,488,930 1970197519801985199019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022104,895102,186106,633108,967114,819114,478110,046109,917108,136107,723108,545110,096112,011112,672112,627112,169108,999106,083104,
130、265 83,085124,098123,387122,261130,849128,617125,437121,816119,135118,204118,399119,293120,310120,794120,596119,997116,030112,246109,127 187,980226,284230,020231,228245,668243,095235,483231,733227,271225,927226,944229,389232,321233,466233,223232,166225,029218,329213,392 110.5101.7100.4100.5101.699.1
131、99.9100.399.599.9100.5101.1101.3100.599.999.596.997.097.7 333,132584,100789,155941,6471,206,3901,500,2191,750,7331,630,0621,502,5931,653,9561,669,0191,684,3821,702,6161,720,1181,734,1851,746,7651,759,1801,772,7121,783,395 110.5101.7100.4100.5101.699.199.998.899.2100.6100.9100.9101.1101.0100.8100.710
132、0.7100.8100.6 17,581,84328,090,55837,856,17446,157,26157,697,66966,853,50072,649,09975,686,45575,361,87676,619,06677,188,46677,404,33177,750,52078,077,86978,289,43778,416,59178,461,95378,452,91178,523,680 116.2104.9104.5103.7104.7102.8101.3101.4100.0100.6100.7100.3100.4100.4100.3100.2100.1100.0100.1
133、 23,07939,80856,80465,48587,359120,171133,676147,626152,834157,212159,863162,350165,769169,989174,657180,662185,088189,711194,255 243,93447,99817,7246,1234,0563,6213,8273,2803,12015,47816,37617,39118,49419,45720,42521,42022,59823,96224,936 197019751980198519901995200020052010201320142015201620172018
134、2019202020212022SubtotalChg.(%)YearMiniSmallStandardTrucks107.198.9104.8105.5101.198.997.899.798.299.199.599.299.499.499.8100.099.9100.1100.5 8,281,75910,043,85313,177,47917,139,80621,321,43920,430,14918,225,50816,733,87115,284,62514,703,88614,624,98614,503,21814,411,95314,321,16714,296,11314,297,18
135、514,283,48914,297,51414,369,292 3,005,0172,785,1824,527,7948,791,28912,535,41511,642,31110,154,4279,665,1309,177,2828,818,1498,748,6538,634,6378,539,7018,448,5058,407,2298,376,3268,353,7998,349,0648,411,502 4,478,4866,100,2067,155,2216,679,6656,609,5366,213,4055,474,6604,594,3633,825,6323,614,9253,5
136、81,8843,552,3733,535,0223,516,3833,506,0073,507,3083,497,2273,497,8433,501,679 798,2561,158,4651,494,4641,668,8522,176,4882,574,4332,596,4212,474,3782,281,7112,270,8122,294,4492,316,2082,337,2302,356,2792,382,8772,413,5512,432,4632,450,6072,456,111 SubtotalChg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)MiniSmallStanda
137、rdBusesSpecial-Purpose VehiclesTotalLargeSmallSubtotalYear PRIVATE PASSENGER CARS IN USE PER 100 HOUSEHOLDS BY PREFECTURE (at March 31,2022)170.8 165.2 164.2 159.3 157.2 155.8 155.2 154.5 153.5 152.1 152.0 149.9 146.9 144.3 143.9 139.2 138.7 137.5 137.2 135.1 135.0 134.9 132.8 130.5 127.9 127.8 127.
138、8 126.7 124.1 123.9 122.5 121.8 117.9 113.5 112.8 110.4 109.9 107.8 105.4 99.5 94.9 94.1 89.6 80.7 68.4 62.7 42.1 103.27 MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS TRENDS IN MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTSNote:“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).x 1 million units MOTOR VEHIC
139、LE EXPORTS BY TYPE IN 2022In vehicle unitsMotor Vehicle Exports Total 3.81 Million UnitsMotor VehiclesExports MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORT TRENDS BY DESTINATION In vehicle units In vehicle units012345672013Year2022 20142015201620172018201920202021TotalPassenger CarsTrucks&BusesNotes:1.Figures represent ex-f
140、actory export shipments of motor vehicles manufactured in Japan,which are classified in the above categories as per Japanese law,including the Road Vehicles Act.2.Vehicle type classification in this table differs somewhat from that used in Ministry of Finance export data.3.KD sets have been excluded
141、 since 1979;they represent less than 60%of the cost of compositional components per vehicle and have been treated as components since 1988.4.Since December 2017,export figures from one JAMA member manufacturer have not been available.5.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous y
142、ears result indexed at 100).Exports of motor vehicles in 2022 totalled 3.81 million units.Whereas passenger car exports dipped 1.4%to 3.32 million units,truck and bus exports increased 7.2%and 18.6%from the previous year to 406,000 units and 86,000 units,respectively.AsiaMiddle East Europe(EU)North
143、America(U.S.A.)Latin America AfricaOceaniaOtherTotalChg.(%)611,446346,405588,648324,1541,495,8831,331,718217,631115,367435,3818,1493,818,910102.1597,296425,423555,037354,3521,429,6041,283,934260,108118,940417,5329,3293,813,26999.9540,154584,062709,139371,3051,887,1551,719,793362,023179,352407,2945,4
144、544,674,63397.3560,304625,708744,138452,3221,662,1601,537,676306,117183,860375,6727,6654,465,62495.5529,291684,886737,518524,7701,749,2081,604,446310,001168,234390,8918,0494,578,078102.5586,954500,325818,931611,5591,898,9131,735,480294,378134,497393,4576,5784,634,033101.2601,204443,963864,518646,679
145、1,925,3561,736,765320,236108,845434,4587,2684,705,848635,045476,157885,705646,9431,929,7811,731,025323,591119,549438,3629,2804,817,470Year20132014201520162017201820192020651,814464,195980,516770,5121,919,8351,726,139286,374123,842383,2618,2954,818,132100.02021559,998325,027675,630396,4511,532,2471,3
146、84,998177,86499,469362,7857,8123,740,83277.62022 Asia Middle East Europe North America Latin America Africa Oceania Other(EU)(U.S.A.)1,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0000Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationStandard376,591(9.9%)Buses85,728(2.2%)Total3,813,269(1
147、00%)Standard3,090,277(81.0%)Small176,239(4.6%)Mini54,869(1.4%)Mini0(0.0%)Small29,565(0.9%)Passenger Cars3,321,385(87.0%)Trucks406,156(10.8%)Passenger Cars272,549643,2321,548,2511,029,757364,376236,92986,32989,94652,90874,46579,61474,24544,13842,28719,0829,78715,28128,20729,56565,170168,370332,2571,1
148、96,973944,737612,654530,823521,848397,404397,694408,859392,531339,821326,120331,004315,186244,598350,800376,591129.5105.8127.2111.2101.886.2101.0103.5133.296.894.3103.5103.7102.4103.3100.377.998.898.6725,5861,827,2863,947,1604,426,7624,482,1302,896,2163,795,8524,363,1684,275,3664,065,5193,835,5953,9
149、70,0034,118,4324,218,4294,357,7824,372,6453,407,9993,367,5903,321,38510,1365,45121,1241,301168,0445202922,7551,4192,4564,5055,3673,0767,0183,1637,34964,40354,8693,580,6233,932,4143,138,1471,732,0501,462,0691,198,273818,660499,541239,198205,727241,206270,707230,684231,404235,158175,376176,239715,4501
150、,821,835345,413493,0471,343,9671,156,1222,333,2633,164,6033,453,9513,564,5593,593,9413,759,7713,871,8593,944,6464,120,0804,138,0783,165,4923,127,8113,090,2771970197519801985199019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022TrucksBusesTotal13,89222,07173,17711,3748276718162020000050000351,6
151、11833,6731,953,6852,238,1041,309,121849,859617,870611,956450,312472,179488,473466,776383,959368,407350,091324,973259,879379,007406,156120.995.3137.2108.090.682.8100.889.0142.799.0103.595.682.392.880.0145.8107.2 9,57916,65366,11665,60639,96144,73441,16377,937115,782136,935141,556141,299131,642119,012
152、109,597120,51472,95472,31385,728141.6104.3179.4116.7113.760.8107.3139.6125.8106.8103.499.893.2110.060.599.1118.61,086,7762,677,6125,966,9616,730,4725,831,2123,790,8094,454,8855,053,0614,841,4604,674,6334,465,6244,578,0784,634,0334,705,8484,817,4704,818,1323,740,8323,818,9103,813,269126.7102.3130.811
153、0.299.185.0101.0101.9133.997.395.5102.5101.2100.077.6102.199.91970197519801985199019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022SmallStandardSubtotalChg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)Chg.(%)YearMiniSmallStandardYearMiniSubtotal82.311.67.73.88.712.512.56.94.18.414.011.66.83.78.515.012.76.32.98.510.80.10
154、.10.212.86.82.39.29.42.513.26.72.59.19.92.613.55.92.68.09.60.20.20.20.116.740.4(36.8)15.2(7.9)37.2(34.4)16.7(10.1)38.2(35.0)16.1(11.5)41.0(37.5)40.9(36.9)18.4(13.7)40.0(35.9)18.4(13.4)39.8(35.8)20.4(16.0)17.7(13.2)18.02.715.016.04.75.72.72.73.041.0(37.0)39.2(34.9)9.711.48.79.118.0(10.6)18.015.4(8.5)
155、15.76.83.137.5(33.7)10.911.214.6(9.3)0.20.20.2 MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORT TRENDS BY DESTINATIONIn vehicle units MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION IN 2022In vehicle unitsMotor VehiclesExports by Destination12,937217,54366,1914,4038373,77518,8658,15912,4056034,531379,7066,028127,96636,01915,94637,77757,4
156、5817,29538,389336,87817,1258,31911,33410,61721,93769,19633,22123,2069,36340,6018,7841,38838,856293,94715,81892,2709,57118,8939,3949,7622,403452,058143,5901,248,2311,391,82144,94233,52315,2474,0187,08424,4261,99828,049159,2871,4162,5192545116,20116,97637,417286,53638,7304,739330,0053,1053,090,277Asia
157、Middle EastEuropeNorth AmericaLatin AmericaAfricaOceaniaOther Grand Totals South KoreaChinaTaiwanHong KongThailandSingaporeMalaysiaPhilippinesIndonesiaPakistanOtherSubtotalBahrainSaudi ArabiaKuwaitOmanIsraelUnited Arab EmiratesQatarOtherSubtotalSwedenDenmarkNetherlandsBelgiumFranceGermanySpainItalyF
158、inlandPolandAustriaGreeceOtherSubtotalNorwayUKSwitzerlandRussiaTurkeyUkraineOtherSubtotalCanadaU.S.A.SubtotalMexicoPuerto RicoColombiaEcuadorPeruChileBrazilOtherSubtotalAlgeriaEgyptNigeriaKenyaSouth AfricaOtherSubtotalAustraliaNew ZealandOtherSubtotal004,6784,04201,2283,5601721,78213,27734729,086171
159、27702115,0917792423036,8402962,1231,6681,0376,8036,3531,5149,4842531,4211,1231,8004,06737,94257024,9162,0211891,05117124167,10100025,14304,3421951331,5038943,47835,68800041,2515151,77023,21512,06743535,71737176,2390002330000054,6241254,869000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000054,869
160、12,937217,54370,8698,6788375,00322,4258,33114,18767,96134,890463,6616,045128,09336,08916,15742,86858,23717,53738,692343,71817,42110,44213,00211,65428,74075,54934,73532,6909,61642,0229,9073,18842,923331,88916,388117,18611,59219,08210,4459,9332,644519,159143,5901,248,2311,391,82170,08533,52319,5894,21
161、37,21725,9292,89231,527194,9751,4162,5192545517,45217,49139,187309,75150,7975,174365,7223,1423,321,385537011,6214,2037,0154,05618,0856,34923,5214,05419,46998,9101,08427,7773,1896,6271,19310,7581,90014,07166,59900000008,76000002,84011,60005,87201,2744,908436024,0902,08035,70337,78311,5676616,5802,009
162、3,3503,327015,51952,41826,2564195,63310,30923,68246,30138,6134,2573,42746,2974,193376,59100000408880008,5929,5200000000001122401673872,4771,8776062,37720758750540791410,863045222000017911,714000000000061961906,79200828397,659005353029,56500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
163、000000537011,6214,2037,0154,09618,9736,34923,5214,05428,061108,4301,08427,7773,1896,6271,19310,7581,90014,07166,5991122401673872,4771,87760611,1372075875054073,75422,46306,3242201,2744,90843617935,8042,08035,70337,78311,5676616,5802,0093,3503,327016,13853,037213,0484195,63311,13723,72153,96038,6134,
164、2573,48046,3504,193406,156005384047,419131212,1182,6711,05786525,2057792,3992,7891,49704,3841,7491,50915,1060000000000000000074000740005,026065233884811005,12212,09602,71919045215,0687,36425,7932,4432802,7375,4601,99485,72813,474217,54383,02813,28515,2719,23041,40026,79840,37973,07263,816597,2967,90
165、8158,26942,06724,28144,06173,37921,18654,272425,42317,53310,68213,16912,04131,21777,42635,34143,8279,82342,60910,4123,59546,677354,35216,388123,51011,81220,43015,35310,3692,823555,037145,6701,283,9341,429,60486,67833,58936,8216,56011,41529,3662,89252,787260,1081,41818,2868636,14043,65748,576118,9403
166、50,80755,33411,391417,5329,3293,813,269Note:The“Total”figure includes 9,329 units(0.2%)shipped to other destinations.of which U.S.A.1,283,934(33.7%)NorthAmerica1,429,604(37.5%)of which EU 354,352(9.3%)Europe555,037(14.6%)MiddleEast425,423(11.2%)Asia597,296(15.7%)Oceania417,532(10.9%)LatinAmerica260,
167、108(6.8%)Africa118,940(3.1%)Total3,813,269(100%)1 million units100,000 units10,000 units In%2013YearAsiaMiddle EastLatin America AfricaOceaniaOtherEurope(EU)NorthAmerica(U.S.A.)202220142015201620172018201920202021Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationPassenger CarsStandardSmallMiniSubtota
168、lTrucksBusesDestinationTotalStandardSmallMiniSubtotalEUA Rise in Motor Vehicle Exports to the Middle East,Latin America,and AfricaMotor vehicle exports decreased in 2022 from the previous year to North America(1.43 million units),Asia(597,000 units),Europe(555,000 units),and Oceania(418,000 units),b
169、ut increased to the Middle East(425,000 units),Latin America(260,000 units),and Africa(119,000 units).Note:Since December 2017,export figures from one JAMA member manufacturer have not been available.Note:The UK was counted as part of the EU for January 2020,and as part of Europe from February 2020
170、onwards.MOTOR VEHICLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION&BY VEHICLE TYPE IN 20229MotorcyclesProduction MotorcyclesSales MOTORCYCLE PRODUCTION TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLE PRODUCTIONx 1 million units MOTORCYCLE PRODUCTION BY ENGINE CAPACITY IN 2022In vehicle unitsOver 50cc895,5991,030,8222,493,9102,014,8501,343,220951,8
171、03636,546298,54987,51374,94076,56966,43899,319130,149140,921131,013122,209142,412152,5471970197519801985199019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022 In vehicle units00.80.60.40.22013Year202220142015201620172018201920202021TotalOver 50cc50cc&UnderTotal694,968(100%)126cc-250cc53,564(7.
172、7%)Over 250cc434,154(62.5%)50cc&Under152,547(21.9%)51cc-125cc54,703(7.9%)Motor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc&Under)1,407,2051,887,7012,181,2061,373,423686,7341,038,938630,221260,34380,63027,67031,52930,88631,46533,66559,45147,94538,50454,28054,703259,145331,733660,831469,728270,304217,738297,433279,274
173、108,95088,10893,53676,94573,19478,99361,65854,68253,93958,00153,564385,723552,2911,098,577678,346506,637544,760851,191953,419387,082372,591395,424348,125356,558404,176389,854333,736269,944392,261434,1542,052,0732,771,7253,940,6142,521,4971,463,6751,801,4361,778,8451,493,036576,662488,369520,489455,9
174、56461,217516,834510,963436,363362,387504,542542,4212,947,6723,802,5476,434,5244,536,347 2,806,8952,753,2392,415,3911,791,585664,175563,309597,058522,394560,536646,983651,884567,376484,596646,954694,968114.484.3143.8112.7100.4101.0107.3103.0103.094.6106.087.5107.3115.4100.887.085.4133.5107.4Motor-Dri
175、ven Cycles Class 2(51cc-125cc)Mini-Sized Motorcycles(126cc-250cc)Small-Sized Motorcycles(Over 250cc)SubtotalTotalChg.(%)YearNotes:1.KD sets have been excluded since 1979;they represent less than 60%of the cost of compositional components per vehicle and have been treated as components since 1988.2.“
176、Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).00.80.60.40.2Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association MOTORCYCLE SALES TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLE SALESx 1 million units MOTORCYCLE SALES BY ENGINE CAPACITY IN 2022In vehicle unitsOver 50cc1,978,4261,646,11
177、51,213,512884,718558,459470,922231,247238,786228,918193,842162,130174,259143,129132,086122,416127,736131,34019801985199019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022 In vehicle units2013Year202220142015201620172018201920202021TotalTotal405,201(100%)51cc-125cc101,678(25.1%)126cc-250cc71,29
178、4(17.6%)Over 250cc100,889(24.9%)50cc&Under131,340(32.4%)Motor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc&Under)200,238130,574169,618138,115102,11688,74796,368100,94796,24994,851101,42488,765105,536105,403101,737125,674101,67880,799167,213165,692104,17575,887102,03837,64555,44154,31051,27746,42956,58657,22958,35974,
179、39278,91171,29497,281143,324103,876115,43083,96376,84158,10865,28970,15166,62162,90864,00363,22066,45667,37983,571100,889378,318441,111439,186357,720261,966267,626192,121221,677220,710212,749210,761209,354225,985230,218243,508288,156273,8612,356,7442,087,2261,652,6981,242,438820,425738,548423,368460
180、,463449,628406,591372,891383,613369,114362,304365,924415,892405,201122.0101.598.1102.293.6100.797.7104.197.690.491.7102.996.298.2101.0113.797.4Motor-Driven Cycles Class 2(51cc-125cc)Mini-Sized Motorcycles(126cc-250cc)Small-Sized Motorcycles(Over 250cc)SubtotalTotalChg.(%)YearNotes:1.Motor-driven cyc
181、le(Class 1 and Class 2)figures represent shipments to domestic dealers.2.Figures for mini-sized and small-sized motorcycles include imported motorcycles.3.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Sources:Japan Mini Vehicles Association;Japan Automob
182、ile Manufacturers AssociationMotorcycle Production Totals 695,000 UnitsOverall domestic motorcycle production in 2022 rose 7.4%from the previous year to 695,000 units.By engine capacity,Class 1 motor-driven cycles(50cc and under)grew 7.1%to 153,000 units,Class 2 motor-driven cycles(51cc to 125cc)ros
183、e 0.8%to 55,000 units,and small-sized motorcycles(over 250cc)climbed 10.7%to 434,000 units,but mini-sized motorcycles(126cc to 250cc)fell 7.6%to 54,000 units.The combined total for larger motorcycles(all those over 50cc)increased 7.5%to 542,000 units.Motorcycle Sales Total 405,000 UnitsDomestic moto
184、rcycle sales in 2022 finished at 405,000 units,down 2.6%from the previous year.By engine capacity,whereas sales of Class 1 motor-driven cycles(50cc and under)grew 2.8%to 131,000 units and small-sized motorcycles(over 250cc)expanded 20.7%to 101,000 units,Class 2 motor-driven cycles(51cc to 125cc)drop
185、ped 19.1%to 102,000 units and mini-sized motorcycles(126cc to 250cc)declined 9.7%to 71,000 units.Overall sales of motorcycles with engine capacity over 50cc totalled 274,000 units,a decrease of 5.0%from 2021.50cc&UnderOver 50cc10 TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLE EXPORTSx 1 million units MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS BY EN
186、GINE CAPACITY IN 2022 In vehicle units00.80.60.40.22013Year202220142015201620172018201920202021TotalOver 50cc50cc&UnderTotal486,813(100%)51cc-125cc38,214(7.8%)126cc-250cc51,757(10.6%)Over 250cc371,701(76.4%)50cc&Under25,141(5.2%)0161284Motorcycle Exports Total 487,000 UnitsMotorcycle exports in 2022
187、 grew 11.4%from the previous year to 487,000 units.By engine capacity,whereas exports of Class 1 motor-driven cycles and mini-sized motorcycles declined 3.1%and 2.2%to 25,000 units and 52,000 units,respectively,exports of Class 2 motor-driven cycles rose 8.9%to 38,000 units and exports of small-size
188、d motorcycles climbed 15.0%to 372,000 units.MOTORCYCLE EXPORTSOver 50cc326,815288,843501,027369,167147,30161,62782,03857,86011,52212,56012,77811,76116,03116,55917,02516,12215,57125,93825,1411970197519801985199019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022 In vehicle unitsMotor-Driven Cycl
189、es Class 1(50cc&Under)914,3251,546,1701,907,4811,350,412507,840691,433549,040197,37848,97627,67629,77130,82330,18125,39530,99924,32925,23335,09538,214187,185328,313548,306296,865117,222129,961204,591177,82485,50664,56663,89159,85159,80558,61153,89548,51640,90652,90151,757309,277527,344972,226525,038
190、411,381442,689805,508899,161347,460326,095359,144315,214322,602362,558354,839307,412230,288323,108371,7011,410,7872,401,8273,428,0132,172,3151,036,4431,264,0831,559,1391,274,363481,942418,337452,806405,888412,588446,564439,733380,257296,427411,104461,6721,737,6022,690,6703,929,0402,541,4821,183,7441
191、,325,7101,641,1771,332,223493,464430,897465,584417,649428,619463,123456,758396,379311,998437,042486,813133.883.0144.0119.7107.394.2116.1100.490.789.9108.089.7102.6108.198.686.878.7140.1111.4Motor-Driven Cycles Class 2(51cc-125cc)Mini-Sized Motorcycles(126cc-250cc)Small-Sized Motorcycles(Over 250cc)S
192、ubtotalTotalChg.(%)YearNotes:1.Figures represent ex-factory export shipments of motorcycles manufactured in Japan.2.Class 2 motor-driven cycles include three-wheeled motor-driven cycles.3.KD sets have been excluded since 1979;they represent less than 60%of the cost of compositional components per ve
193、hicle and have been treated as components since 1988.4.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previous year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationMotorcyclesMotorcycles in UseMotorcyclesExports TRENDS IN MOTORCYCLES IN USE(at March 31 yearly)x 1 mill
194、ion units MOTORCYCLES IN USE BY ENGINE CAPACITY(at March 31,2022)In vehicle unitsTotal10,310,955(100%)51cc-125cc1,950,858(18.9%)Over 250cc1,811,815(17.6%)TotalOver 50cc50cc&Under10.31 Million Motorcycles in UseAt March 31,2022,motorcycles in use in Japan totalled 10.31 million units,up 0.2%from the
195、previous year.By engine capacity,whereas Class 1 motor-driven cycles,accounting for 43.5%of all motorcycles in use,dropped 3.5%to 4.49 million units in 2022,Class 2 motor-driven cycles,mini-sized motorcycles,and small-sized motorcycles in use rose 4.2%,2.2%,and 3.6%to 1.95 million units,2.06 million
196、 units,and 1.81 million units,respectively.Thus,motorcycles over 50cc in use increased 3.3%,to a total of 5.82 million units.MOTORCYCLES IN USE(at March 31 yearly)Over 50cc3,727,4264,851,1408,794,33514,609,39913,539,26911,165,3909,643,4878,566,6137,448,8626,661,8076,438,0026,188,7105,899,2765,615,36
197、05,353,4735,103,3954,853,1314,652,6864,489,4011970197519801985199019952000200520102013201420152016201720182019202020212022 In vehicle unitsMotor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc&Under)4,431,7453,132,8182,281,0061,747,9571,517,2281,421,0311,337,3951,353,7321,511,4401,626,0941,674,8841,704,0831,717,0921,737
198、,9111,752,2781,787,1331,818,3571,872,4911,950,858583,316492,307506,5671,047,4261,669,7711,823,4461,704,5221,857,4391,992,9391,969,1871,980,4111,978,4621,970,4711,961,1091,966,9731,968,9051,972,3672,014,2512,058,881109,771276,715383,639775,6271,045,5191,177,2291,288,3991,397,3921,524,1761,566,3411,59
199、5,3351,611,0891,628,4611,641,5801,657,6131,680,4161,704,5421,748,0261,811,8155,124,8323,901,8403,171,2123,571,0104,232,5184,421,7064,330,3164,608,5635,028,5555,161,6225,250,6305,293,6345,316,0245,340,6005,376,8645,436,4545,495,2665,634,7685,821,5548,852,2588,752,98011,965,54718,180,40917,771,78715,5
200、87,09613,973,80313,175,17612,477,41711,823,42911,688,63211,482,34411,215,30010,955,96010,730,33710,539,84910,348,39710,287,45410,310,955100.5101.9109.8104.897.698.098.099.398.498.798.998.297.797.797.998.298.299.4100.2Motor-Driven Cycles Class 2(51cc-125cc)Mini-Sized Motorcycles(126cc-250cc)Small-Siz
201、ed Motorcycles(Over 250cc)SubtotalTotalChg.(%)YearNotes:1.Motor-driven cycle data is as at April 1,and since 2006 motorcycles with engine capacity of 125cc and under whose owners fail to pay the mandatory motorcycle ownership tax are not included in this data.2.“Chg.(%)”means change from the previou
202、s year(with the previous years result indexed at 100).Sources:Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism;since 2006(only for the 125cc-and-under categories),Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications50cc&Under4,489,401(43.5%)126cc-250cc2,058,881(20.0%)2013Year202220142015201620172018
203、201920202021112.71.41.01.20.80.94.57.93.641.4(36.4)7.40.934.3(31.7)5.75.83.639.4(34.9)7.20.837.5(34.6)7.17.16.74.932.0(27.6)7.21.240.9(38.1)5.94.14.430.2(26.1)7.01.447.0(44.1)7.35.43.128.4(24.3)6.31.048.5(45.8)0.95.02.730.4(26.0)6.30.947.6(45.0)2.98.01.15.52.928.8(24.5)5.51.148.2(46.0)7.32.81.54.32.
204、830.4(26.3)7.51.546.2(42.2)7.31.81.53.81.833.6(29.5)7.01.345.2(41.2)6.21.91.64.81.931.2(27.5)5.51.648.8(45.0)MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION&BY ENGINE CAPACITY IN 2022In vehicle units MOTORCYCLE EXPORTS BY DESTINATION IN 2022In vehicle unitsAsiaMiddle EastEuropeNorth AmericaLatin AmericaAfricaOcea
205、niaGrand Totals South KoreaChinaTaiwanHong KongThailandSingaporeMalaysiaPhilippinesIndonesiaOtherSubtotalSaudi ArabiaIsraelUnited Arab EmiratesOtherSubtotalSwedenDenmarkNetherlandsBelgiumFranceGermanyPortugalSpainItalyPolandAustriaHungaryGreeceCroatiaSloveniaOtherSubtotalNorwayUKSwitzerlandRussiaTur
206、keyOtherSubtotalCanadaU.S.A.SubtotalMexicoGuatemalaPanamaColombiaPeruChileBrazilArgentinaOtherSubtotalMoroccoGuineaDem Rep CongoAngolaEthiopiaKenyaUgandaSouth AfricaOtherSubtotalAustraliaNew ZealandOtherSubtotal15 0 51 3 0 12 2 90 1 0 174 30 45 57 24 156 0 0 0 0 4,107 1,419 0 381 381 0 0 0 72 81 90
207、0 6,531 0 0 54 0 0 0 6,585 2,215 11,334 13,549 111 9 9 111 6 132 15 0 261 654 90 0 00 0 0 39 9 57 3,252 699 15 3,966 25,141 0 0 1,306 2 0 72 0 144 553 0 2,077 17 105 277 31 430 0 20 1,131 0 3,499 1,999 0 251 457 0 0 0 95 80 103 0 7,635 0 0 68 0 0 0 7,703 2,327 15,018 17,345 92 24 25 318 33 323 83 12
208、 376 1,286 4240 1,48860 1,794 87 278 355 592 4,736 3,668 922 47 4,637 38,214 4 45 0 90 23 252 4 371 461 89 1,339 26 133 189 206 554 238 85 2,892 350 2,975 1,680 0 297 2,066 149 262 80 156 63 111 343 11,747 33 411 309 9 1 2 12,512 2,903 22,601 25,504 221 514 134 155 40 714 369 150 1,527 3,824 320 136
209、0 164 377 25 1,205 440 2,379 3,532 1,988 125 5,645 51,757 4,283 5,139 3,404 1,187 3,437 1,205 2,997 3,217 356 1,139 26,364 1,026 3,674 714 1,032 6,446 1,246 1,607 36,305 2,940 51,928 28,068 357 21,064 35,116 2,345 4,636 1,687 3,146 475 696 1,707 193,323 758 7,692 6,840 2271,586 371 210,797 10,279 85
210、,062 95,341 3,327 251 210 2,623 356 1,686 7,612 493 1,281 17,839 2050 0200 20 10 0 1,010 830 2,275 10,551 1,984 104 12,639 371,701 4,287 5,184 4,710 1,279 3,460 1,529 3,001 3,732 1,370 1,228 29,780 1,069 3,912 1,180 1,269 7,430 1,484 1,712 40,328 3,290 58,402 31,747 357 21,612 37,639 2,494 4,898 1,7
211、67 3,397 618 910 2,050 212,705 791 8,103 7,217 2361,587 373 231,012 15,509 122,681 138,190 3,640 789 369 3,096 429 2,723 8,064 655 3,184 22,949 27940 1,624260 1,978 474 303 2,570 1,862 9,390 17,751 4,894 276 22,921 461,672 4,302 5,184 4,761 1,282 3,460 1,541 3,003 3,822 1,371 1,228 29,954 1,099 3,95
212、7 1,237 1,293 7,586 1,484 1,712 40,328 3,290 62,509 33,166 357 21,993 38,020 2,494 4,898 1,767 3,469 699 1,000 2,050 219,236 791 8,103 7,271 2361,587 373 237,597 17,724 134,015 151,739 3,751 798 378 3,207 435 2,855 8,079 655 3,445 23,603 28840 1,624260 1,978 474 303 2,609 1,871 9,447 21,003 5,593 29
213、1 26,887 486,813 of which U.S.A.134,015(27.5%)NorthAmerica151,739(31.2%)of which EU 219,236(45.0%)Europe237,597(48.8%)MiddleEast7,586(1.6%)Asia29,954(6.2%)Oceania26,887(5.5%)LatinAmerica23,603(4.8%)Africa9,447(1.9%)Total486,813(100%)100,000 units10,000 units1,000 units2013YearAsiaMiddle EastLatin Am
214、erica AfricaOceaniaEurope(EU)NorthAmerica(U.S.A.)202220142015201620172018201920202021Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationEUAn Increase in Motorcycle Exports to Most DestinationsCompared to the previous year,motorcycle exports in 2022 increased to Europe(238,000 units),North America(152,
215、000 units),Latin America(24,000 units),Africa(9,000 units),and the Middle East(8,000 units),but decreased to Asia(30,000 units)and Oceania(27,000 units).MotorcyclesExports by DestinationMotor-Driven Cycles Class 1(50cc&Under)DestinationMotor-Driven Cycles Class 2(51cc-125cc)Mini-Sized Motorcycles(12
216、6cc-250cc)Small-Sized Motorcycles(Over 250cc)SubtotalTotalOver 50ccNote:The UK was counted as part of the EU for January 2020,and as part of Europe from February 2020 onwards.MOTORCYCLE EXPORT TRENDS BY DESTINATION In%12Call center Fire command center Automatic communication of essenial information(
217、accident location,vehicle occupant injury status,etc.)Airbag deployment notificationAmbulance dispatch Emergency medical servicehelicopter dispatchEmergency medical facility Information coordination 05101585 and older80-8475-7970-7465-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2416-19Elderly fatal
218、ities as%of total fatalitiesAdvanced Emergency Braking SystemAcceleration Control for Pedal ErrorAACN:A Schematic OverviewCumulative Number of AACN-Equipped Vehicles in Use by Year,2016-2022In%In%05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,0002,6104,4384,3884,113 4,1173,9043,6943,5323,2152,8392,63
219、61,4712,2792,3092,193 2,247 2,1382,0201,9661,7821,5961,520Total fatalities(No.of persons)Elderly fatalities 65 years and older (No.of persons)56.451.4 52.6 53.3 54.6 54.8 54.7 55.7 55.4 56.2 57.72012Year20212013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020202210.316.924.102.942.682.482.492.522.342.051.761.902
220、.533.3110.04025507510020222021202020192018201720162015201420132012Year97.897.295.893.784.677.866.244.941.115.44.3025507510020222021202020192018201720162015201420132012Year93.194.890.883.877.165.247.137.432.212.52.0 ROAD ACCIDENTS/INJURIES/FATALITIES0500,0001,000,0001,500,0002,000,00005,00010,00015,0
221、0020,0001975Year198019851990199520002005201020152020Fatalities(Number of persons)Injuries(Number of persons)Accidents(Number of accidents)TRENDS IN ELDERLY ROAD FATALITIESPromoting Greater Road SafetyRoad SafetyRoad SafetyNo.of fatal accidents per 100,000 drivers license holdersAge groupFATAL ROAD A
222、CCIDENTS PER 100,000DRIVERS LICENSE HOLDERS BY AGE GROUPTRENDS IN ONBOARD INSTALLATION RATES OF ADVANCED DRIVER-ASSISTANCE SYSTEMS(ADAS)AUTOMATIC COLLISION NOTIFICATIONAccidents(Number of accidents)Year1975198019851990199520002005201020112012Injuries(Number of persons)Fatalities(Number of persons)So
223、urce for all data on this page:National Police Agency472,938476,677552,788643,097761,794931,950934,346725,924692,084665,157622,467598,719681,346790,295922,6771,155,7071,157,113896,297854,613825,39210,7928,7609,26111,22710,6849,0736,9374,9484,6914,438Accidents(Number of accidents)Year2013201420152016
224、201720182019202020212022Injuries(Number of persons)Fatalities(Number of persons)629,033573,842536,899499,201472,165430,601381,237309,178305,196300,839781,492711,374666,023618,853580,850525,846461,775369,476362,131356,6014,3884,1134,1173,9043,6943,5323,2152,8392,6362,610In 2022 road fatalities(define
225、d here as deaths taking place within 24 hours of accident occurrence)in Japan dropped to 2,610,the lowest number recorded since the start of road fatality data compilation by the National Police Agency in 1948.Road accidents and road injuries also declined,for the eighteenth consecutive year,to 300,
226、839 and 356,601(in number of persons),respectively.As the aging of Japans society advances,annual road accident statistics show a growing ratio of elderly people(aged 65 years and older)in road fatalities.In addition,the number of fatal road accidents per 100,000 drivers license holders attributable
227、 to elderly drivers(aged 75 years and older)is the largest among age groups.Given the circumstances,Japans Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry,Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism,National Police Agency,Financial Services Agency and automobile-related organizations have been work
228、ing cooperatively to promote the widespread use of“safety support cars”(“sapocars”for short)equipped with safety features such as advanced emergency braking systems(referred to in this publications previous editions as collision-mitigation braking systems),to help drivers of all ages avoid road acci
229、dent occurrence and to mitigate damage/injury when accidents do occur.Automatic collision notification(ACN)is an onboard-based system that automatically communicates essential information to relevant authorities in the event of a serious road traffic accident,such as when an airbag is deployed,witho
230、ut requiring the driver or witnesses to report the incident themselves.Advanced automatic collision notification(AACN)is an enhanced version of ACN whose onboard installation is steadily expanding.As of the end of 2022,more than 4.8 million vehicles were equipped with AACN.Road SafetyVehicle Safety
231、Features and Systems THE“SAFETY SUPPORT CAR”Ver 1.0 CONCEPTSafety Support Car(“Sapocar”)Safety Support Car S(“Sapocar S”)Advanced emergency braking system(pedestrian collision avoidance)Acceleration control for pedal error(1)Lane departure warning(2)Advanced headlamp control(3)Advanced emergency bra
232、king system(vehicle collision avoidance)Acceleration control for pedal error(1)Advanced emergency braking system(vehicle collision avoidance)for low-speed vehicle operation(4)Acceleration control for pedal error(1)“Sapocar S”ClassificationThe“Sapocar S”concept has three sub-classifications,based on
233、the safety features installed.(1)In automatic-transmission vehicles only.(2)Including lane-keeping assist.(3)Automatic high-to-low-beam headlamp control,glare-free high beam headlamp control,or adaptivefront-lighting system.(4)30km/h or lower.Note:Drivers license holders here refers to drivers posse
234、ssing valid licenses for driving automobiles,motorcycles,and motor-driven cycles.Note:In%means the number of passenger cars equipped with the ADAS feature as a percentage of the total number of passenger cars produced for the domestic market.Note:Above figures apply only to AACN-equipped vehicles ma
235、nufactured by Japanese automakers for the domestic market.Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association Source:National Agency for Automotive Safety and Victims AidPassenger cars equipped with advanced emergency braking systems;suitable for all drivers Passenger cars equipped with advanced emerg
236、ency braking systems and acceleration control for pedal error;suitable especially for elderly drivers Type:“Wide”Type:“Basic+”Type:“Basic”Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association ACNAACNAutomatic collision notificationAdvanced automatic collision notificationAutomatic communication of essen
237、tial information(location,etc.)to the authorities concerned in the event of a serious road traffic accidentEssential information automatically communicated to relevant authorities in the event of a serious road traffic accident is augmented with information on the status of vehicle occupant injuries
238、,which is directed also to fire departments and medical facilities for their prompt dispatch of emergency medical service vehicles including,as necessary,a helicopter.In vehicle units2022202120202019201820172016Year4,845,1463,722,2582,698,7861,742,5241,046,700480,340265,8980500,0001,000,0001,500,000
239、2,000,0002,500,0003,000,0003,500,0004,000,0004,500,0005,000,00013*I.e.,performing all the requisite processes of recognition,prediction,judgment,and operation.The Transition to Automated DrivingIn 2018 the Japanese government released an outline of the broad spectrum of system-building measures need
240、ed for the real-world implementation of automated driving.The adoption in 2020 of a revised Road Traffic Act and a revised Road Vehicles Act made it mandatory for automated driving systems and devices to comply with safety standards.In addition,rules were established regarding the obligations of dri
241、vers of vehicles equipped with automated driving systems,with the inclusion of automated driving event data recorders in such systems also being mandated.These initiatives allowed Level 3 self-driving vehicles to run on public roads.In 2022 a further revision of the Road Traffic Act was adopted enab
242、ling the creation of an authorization system to facilitate Level 4 automated driving(self-driving vehicles used under specific circumstances,e.g.,on designated and limited routes)and Level 4 automated vehicle use in accordance with those stipulations started in April 2023.JAMA member companies are a
243、ctively working towards the practical and widespread use of automated driving technologies in line with the initiatives undertaken by the government.MemoACHIEVINGTHE“ZEROS”RESOLVING RELATED ISSUES Through the elimination of human errorZero accidents Through more efficient roadand vehicle use(via tel
244、ematics)Zero congestion Through optimally efficientdoor-to-door vehicle use,“any time and anywhere”Enabling optimally accessible mobilityEnabling optimally efficient freight transportDriver-assistance systemsAutomated driving functions JAMAS VIEW OF AUTOMATED DRIVINGDriverDriverDriverSystem(Driver,w
245、hen ADS cannot execute a task)System System Level 0Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Vehicles with driver-assistance systemsVehicles with conditional driving automationVehicles with high driving automationVehicles with full driving automationDriver performs the entire dynamic driving task(DDT).Driv
246、er-assistance system performs the subtasks of either longitudinal or lateral vehicle motion control(within a limited operational design domain),while the driver performs all other DDT subtasks.Advanced driver-assistance system performs the subtasks of both longitudinal and lateral vehicle motion con
247、trol(within a limited operational design domain),monitored by the driver who performs all other DDT subtasks and can take manual control at any time.ADS performs the entire DDT(within a limited operational design domain).However,driver must remain alert and respond appropriately to ADS-issued reques
248、ts to intervene when ADS cannot execute a task(=human override).ADS performs the entire DDT(within a limited operational design domain)and responds in the event of operational difficulty.However,Level 4 vehicles can operate only under specific circumstances,with human override remaining an option.AD
249、S performs the entire DDT and responds unconditionally(not within a limited operational design domain)in the event of operational difficulty,with no need for human intervention.LevelIn Charge*Vehicle DescriptionDefinitionDriver(human)performs part or all of the dynamic driving taskAutomated driving
250、system(“ADS,”“system”)performs the entire dynamic driving task(while engaged)DEFINITIONS OF DRIVING AUTOMATION LEVELS AND LEVEL-COMPATIBLE VEHICLE DESCRIPTIONSSource:The Public-Private ITS Initiative/Roadmaps initiativeRoad SafetyAutomated Driving14Attention to the EnvironmentVehicle Fuel Efficiency
251、Attention to the EnvironmentClimate Changex 1 million tonsClimate Change and CO2 Emissions Reduction:The Response of the Transport SectorIn 2021 Japans CO2 emissions totalled 1.06 billion tons(actual figure),of which the transportation sector accounted for nearly 17%.Despite a small increase in 2021
252、 over the previous year,CO2 emission volumes in Japans transport sector have trended downwards since peaking in 2001,owing largely to increased fuel efficiency in passenger cars and greater efficiency in goods distribution.The automobile industry will continue to vigorously promote CO2 emissions red
253、uction in road transport by further improving vehicle fuel efficiency and expanding the market supply of next-generation vehicles.CO2 Emissions Reduction:Improving Vehicle Fuel EfficiencyFuel efficiency targets for passenger cars,trucks,and buses are formulated by applying“top runner”criteria whereb
254、y the target value for a given vehicle weight category is established based on the leading fuel efficiency performance to date for that weight category.To comply,first,with stringent 2015 average fuel efficiency targets for heavy-duty vehicles as well as with a 2020 target for passenger cars and,sub
255、sequently,with a 2022 target for small trucks,2025 targets for heavy-duty vehicles,and a 2030 target for passenger cars,JAMA member manufacturers have been making continuous efforts to increase the fuel efficiency of conventional vehicles and expand the supply of alternative-energy vehicles.Calculat
256、ion of the average fuel efficiency target of 25.4 km/L(a 32.4%increase over the actual value in 2016)established for 2030 for new passenger cars took into account,for the first time,the fuel efficiency performances of electric vehicles and plug-in electric vehicles.(4)Fuel efficiency is JC08 test cy
257、cle-based(see page 18).(5)Targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for target years as those recorded in the years showing the actual value of fuel efficiency performance.Sources:Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry;Ministry of Land,Infrastructur
258、e,Transport and Tourism50km/L1015202.50km/L57.510TrucksUp 12.2%2015 target value(7)7.09 km/L2002 actual value 6.32 km/LBusesUp 12.1%2015 target value(7)6.30 km/L2002 actual value 5.62 km/L 2015 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGETS FOR NEW HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES(GVW3.5t)(6)2.50km/L57.510TrucksUp 13.4%(approx
259、.)2025 target value(8),(9)7.63 km/L2015 target value(9)6.72 km/LBusesUp 14.3%(approx.)2025 target value(8),(9)6.52 km/L2015 target value(9)5.71 km/L 2025 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGETS FOR NEW HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES(GVW3.5t)VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES FOR INCREASED FUEL EFFICIENCY0km/L201030PassengercarsUp 2
260、4.1%2020 target value(3)20.3 km/L2009 actual value 16.3 km/L 2020 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGET FOR NEW PASSENGER CARS(1)(6)Fuel efficiency is JE05 test cycle-based.(7)Targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for target years as those recorded in
261、the years showing the actual value of fuel efficiency performance.(8)While the 2015 target values for new heavy-duty vehicles are JE05 test cycle-based,the 2025 target values were established on the basis of a new measuring method.(9)Targets were established assuming the same shipment volume ratios
262、by vehicle weight category for 2025 as those recorded in 2014.Sources:Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry;Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism(1)Fuel efficiency is JC08 test cycle-based(see page 18).(2)Fuel efficiency is WLTC-based(see page 18).(3)Targets were established assumin
263、g the same shipment volume ratios by vehicle weight category for target years as those recorded in the years showing the actual value of fuel efficiency performance.Sources:Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry;Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and TourismReduced rolling resistance Low roll
264、ing-resistance tiresImproved powertrain performance Expansion of lock-up area Expanded number of transmission gears Continuously variable transmissionImproved engine efficiency More efficient fuel consumption:Direct injection Variable mechanisms(variable cylinder activation,VVT&L,etc.)Downsized engi
265、ne superchargingReduction of friction loss:Reduction of piston&piston ring friction loss Low-viscosity lubricating oil Other Electric power steering Idling prevention(stop-start)Reduced aerodynamic drag Improved body configuration Reduced vehicle weight Expanded use of lightweight materials Improved
266、 body structurex 1 million tons CO2 EMISSIONS IN JAPANThe transportation sector accounts for nearly 17%of Japans total CO2 emissions,which in 2021 amounted to 1.06 billion tons(actual figure).TRENDS IN CO2 EMISSION VOLUMES IN JAPANS TRANSPORT SECTOR,BY MODEMotor vehicle-emitted CO2 accounts for abou
267、t 87%of the totality of CO2 emitted by Japans transport sector.CO2 emissions from road transportation in Japan have seen a significant decrease since transport-sector emissions peaked in 2001.Source:Ministry of the EnvironmentJapans CO2 Emission Volumes,1990-2021CO2 Emission Shares by Sector in 2021
268、Industry35.1%Transportation17.4%Energyconversion7.9%Other0.3%Waste processing2.8%Industrialprocesses4.0%Residential14.7%Commercial/Other17.9%Automobiles15.1%Source:Ministry of the Environment2021 Total1.06 billiontonsSmall trucks(GVW3.5tons)Up 26.1%2022 target value(5)17.9 km/L2012 actual value 14.2
269、 km/L 2022 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGET FOR NEW SMALL TRUCKS(4)0km/L201030PassengercarsUp 32.4%2030 target value(3)25.4 km/L2016 actual value 19.2 km/L 2030 AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY TARGET FOR NEW PASSENGER CARS(2)Note:Figures here are JC08 test cycle-based through 2016 and the JC08 test-cycle equi
270、valents of WLTC-based values from 2017.Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association AVERAGE FUEL EFFICIENCY OF DOMESTIC NEW GASOLINE-POWERED PASSENGER CARSIn km/L121416182022242601 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 1712.713.213.813.914.214.314.814.915.616.717.118.219.821.322.422.422.
271、622.61822.719 20 2122.923.122.12000Fiscal year1,0001,0501,1001,1501,2001,2501,3001,3501,4001990Fiscal year1995200020052010201520210350300250200150100501990Fiscal year20726318671389288918148969592814896101939137971049491481001099510148102115961015810312097111671001239811147981259911147971302000111579
272、6130011114796135021114793135031114891132041113791128051231113790061201112791071201112889081161011887091181010783101189108841111691098112117101110801311310111080141081011108015108101098016107101097817192120106101097818104111087710210108768951077287710874AircraftShipsTrainsTrucksPassenger cars&buses15
273、In-Use Status of Next-Generation VehiclesSince 2009,when the governments tax incentive/subsidy programs for the purchase of eco-friendly vehicles were first introduced,new registrations of(so-called in Japan)next-generation vehiclesincluding hybrid,plug-in hybrid,electric,fuel cell,clean diesel,and
274、other new-energy vehicleshad been steadily increasing.In 2020,however,new registrations of these vehicles shrank owing to the spread of COVID-19.Nevertheless,as a result of each automakers efforts to develop a range of such models and despite the impact of the pandemic,the share of next-generation v
275、ehicles in new passenger car registrations continues to expand yearly,reaching 49%in 2022.The more widespread use of these vehicles requires not only further advances in vehicle and related technologies,but also,among other government initiatives,the establishment of the necessary fuel/energy supply
276、 infrastructures and the continued provision of purchasing incentives.In vehicle units FACILITY-GENERATED CO2 EMISSION VOLUMES,1990-2021Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationCO2 Reductions at Manufacturers FacilitiesJapans automakers,together with the member companies of the Japan Auto-Bo
277、dy Industries Association(JABIA),have for years taken measures to reduce energy consumption and otherwise cut CO2 emissions at their production plants.Having more recently expanded their voluntary CO2 reduction activities to also include administrative and research facilities,their combined facility
278、-emitted CO2 in 2021 totalled 5.20 million tons(preliminary figure),down 20,000 tons from the previous year.With a revised target for 2030 of 4.63 million tons(down from the previous target of 6.16 million tons),JAMA and JABIA member companies will strive for further CO2 reductions at their faciliti
279、es.CO2 emissions(x 1 million tons)CO2 emissions/productionvalue(x 1,000 tons CO2per 1 trillion yen)RestrictionsSubstanceCompliance StatusAs of January 2006,a 90%decrease or more from the 1996 level of 1,850 grams(i.e.,a maximum permissible level of 185 grams).*For large commercial vehicles including
280、 buses,a 75%decrease or more from the 1996 level.*Batteries are exempt.As of January 2005,banned except for trace amounts in safety-related components such as:-Instrument panel displays-Liquid crystal displays in navigation devices -Discharge lamps-Fluorescent cabin lampsBanned as of January 2008.Ba
281、nned as of January 2007.All models have complied since January 2006.All models have complied since January 2003.Components listed here in the left column are now mercury-free in all models.All models are in compliance.All models have complied since January 2006.LeadMercuryHexavalent chromiumCadmium
282、RESTRICTIONS ON THE USE OF FOUR HEAVY METALS IN NEW VEHICLES&COMPLIANCE STATUS NEXT-GENERATION PASSENGER CAR NEW REGISTRATIONS,2008-2022Voluntary Initiatives to Eliminate the Use of Four Heavy Metals in Motor Vehicles TARGET VALUES FOR INDOOR CONCENTRATION LEVELS OF 13 SUBSTANCES(VOCs)(revised in Ja
283、nuary 2019)Target Value forIndoor Concentration LevelSubstancePrincipal Sources 100 g/m3 (0.08 ppm)260 g/m3 (0.07 ppm)200 g/m3 (0.05 ppm)240 g/m3 (0.04 ppm)3,800 g/m3 (0.88 ppm)220 g/m3 (0.05 ppm)1 g/m3 (0.07 ppb)17 g/m3 (1.5 ppb)330 g/m3 (0.04 ppm)100 g/m3 (6.3 ppb)0.29 g/m3 (0.02 ppb)48 g/m3 (0.03
284、 ppm)33 g/m3 (3.8 ppb)Adhesives for plywood,wallpaper,etc.Adhesives/paints for interior finishing materials,furniture,etc.Adhesives/paints for interior finishing materials,furniture,etc.Moth repellents,lavatory air freshenersAdhesives/paints for plywood,furniture,etc.Insulation materials,bath units,
285、tatami-mat core materialsInsecticides(esp.ant exterminators)Paints,pigments,adhesivesKerosene,paintsWallpaper,flooring materials,wire-coating materialsPesticidesAdhesives for construction materials,wallpaper,etc.Insecticides(esp.termite exterminators)FormaldehydeTolueneXyleneParadichlorobenzeneEthyl
286、benzeneStyreneChlorpyrifosDi-n-butyl phthalateTetradecaneDi-2-ethylhexyl phthalateDiazinonAcetaldehydeFenobucarbA Voluntary Approach to Reducing Vehicle Cabin VOCsEstablished in January 2002 by Japans Ministry of Health,Labor and Welfare,target values for indoor concentration levels of 13 volatile o
287、rganic compounds(VOCs)were amended in January 2019,with a view to enabling automakers,on a voluntary basis,to meet the revised target values in all new-model vehicles marketed from January 2022.To measure VOC concentration levels in vehicle cabin air,in-cabin test procedures developed by JAMA and co
288、vering passenger cars as well as trucks and buses were introduced in 2005.However,in July 2012 JAMA member companies adopted the global standard for testing in-cabin VOCs in passenger carsnamely,the ISO 12219-1 test procedure(revised in 2021)established by the ISO that same month.Ten years later,JAM
289、A member companies adopted the ISO 12219-10 test procedure for measuring in-cabin VOCs in trucks and busesformulated on the basis of a JAMA-developed procedureestablished by the ISO in 2022.The automakers at present continue to work to achieve further reductions in in-cabin VOC concentration levels.
290、Attention to the EnvironmentHazardous SubstancesAttention to the EnvironmentNext-Generation Vehicles and CO2 Reductions at Manufacturers FacilitiesJAMA member manufacturers have,on a voluntary basis,eliminated the use of four heavy metalslead,mercury,hexavalent chromium and cadmiumin new vehicles to
291、 reduce their environmental impact,particularly when they are dismantled and processed at the end of their service life.Restrictions on the use of these substances in motorcycles have been established separately.Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationPlug-in hybridvehiclesElectricvehiclesF
292、uel cellvehiclesClean dieselvehiclesTotalHybridvehiclesYear108,518347,999481,221451,308887,863921,0451,058,4021,074,9261,275,5601,385,3431,431,8561,472,2811,346,8421,434,7191,450,5820001510,96814,12216,17814,1889,39036,00423,23017,60914,68022,67737,71901,0782,44212,60713,46914,75616,11010,46715,2991
293、8,09226,53321,28114,57421,65858,78600000074111,0548496126857612,46484804,3648,9278,79740,20175,43078,822153,768143,468156,162176,725175,145147,139149,298140,340108,518353,441492,590472,727952,5011,025,3531,169,5191,253,7601,444,7711,596,4501,658,9561,687,0011,523,9961,630,8161,688,275 20082009201020
294、1120122013201420152016201720182019202020212022Source:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationIn%TRENDS IN NEXT-GENERATION VEHICLE SHARE IN NEW PASSENGER CAR REGISTRATIONSNotes:1.This voluntary initiative applies only to vehicles that are manufactured and sold in Japan.2.The use of paradichlorobenz
295、ene,chlorpyrifos,diazinon and fenobucarb does not apply to vehicle cabins.501015202530354045502.624.929.734.836.437.839.240.044.449.09.011.713.420.822.52008Year09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2021 22456789101101002003004005006007008009.905446.703545.873776.1437265.03887.364187.473837.163586.663236.
296、713266.613066.232865.825.222712875.204.631990Fiscal year2008 0910111213141516172030(Target)181920211635218.651332018128621.411.1 1.3 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3116.617.218.8 18.8 19.521.022.724.319.816.917.718.119.120.821.620.0 19.90.321.00.221.20.4 0.4 0.420.817.517.6 INDUSTRY MEASURES IN LINE WITH NATIONA
297、L LEGISLATION THE ELV RECYCLING FLOW(as per the provisions of the End-of-Life Vehicle Recycling Law)Under Japans End-of-Life Vehicle(ELV)Recycling Law which entered into force in January 2005,automobile manufacturers and importers are responsible for recovery,recycling and appropriate disposal with
298、respect to fluorocarbons,airbags,and automobile shredder residue(ASR).Compliance with the law was anticipated to enable ASR to be recycled at a rate of 70%by 2015,resulting in an automobile recycling rate,by vehicle weight,of 95%(as compared with the 80%rate prevailing prior to the introduction of t
299、he law);those rates were in fact surpassed in 2008.Japans vehicle recycling infrastructure as mandated by its ELV Recycling Law is the first in the world to administer the entire process of auto recyclingfrom ELV recovery to final disposalon the basis of electronic“manifests”(or compliance checklist
300、s).In line with legislative provisions promoting the so-called 3R initiatives(“reduce,reuse,and recycle”),Japans automakers are also striving to design vehicles using lightweight materials that are easy to dismantle and recycle,and to reduce and recycle waste generated in the manufacturing process.I
301、n 2021 the volume of auto plant-generated waste destined for landfill disposal totalled 400 tons.Having long surpassed the target of 1,000 tons set for 2025,JAMA members will nevertheless continue to promote the reduction of plant-generated waste for landfill disposal.2022(Preliminary)2,739,4212,383
302、,6552,377,6392,565,9912021(Actual)3,042,4622,678,1832,644,5252,956,837Fiscal YearNo.of ELVs recoveredAppropriate recovery of three designated items(1)Through recovery/appropriate disposal of inflators or through onboard deactivation.(2)Covers all categories of processors,whether for direct disposal
303、or for transfer to other markets.(1)Nineteen products including automobiles have been designated in this legislation as requiring“reduce”initiatives in their design.(2)Twenty-three products including automobiles have been designated in this legislation as requiring“reuse”and“recycle”initiatives in t
304、heir design.Sources:Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center;Japan Auto Recycling Partnership;Toyotsu Recycle Corporation;“ART”group of companiesSources:Government-affiliated entitiesVehicle Recycling and Waste ReductionPromotion of Effective Utilizationof Resources Law(the“3R”Law)Product DesignW
305、aste ManagementELV RecyclingEnd-of-Life VehicleRecycling LawFor designated areas of activity:-Reduction/recycling of designated waste products generated in vehicle manufacturing operations:1)Scrap metals 2)Casting sand residue-Total waste volume:*1990(baseline):352,000 tons 2021:400 tons JAMA target
306、:1,000 tons by fiscal 2025*For landfill disposal,including scrap metals,casting sand residue,and other wasteBasic premise:-Environmentally responsible vehicle design on the part of automobile manufacturers-Recovery and recycling of:1)Fluorocarbons 2)Airbags 3)ASRNote:Motorcycles are not covered by t
307、he ELV Recycling Law.For designated products(1):-Weight reduction/Downsizing-Longer product life-Reduced use of hazardous substancesFor designated products(2):-Use of reusable/recyclable materials-Ease of dismantling-Ease of sorting-Non-hazardous recycling-Materials identificationDistribution,Servic
308、ing and Use“Reduce”initiatives“Reuse”initiatives“Recycle”initiatives ELV RECOVERY IN NUMBERSIn vehicle unitsFluorocarbonsAirbags(1)ASR(2)Achieved2.68 million vehicle units(2021)95%(2021)96-97.5%(2021)TargetDestruction85%2005:30%2010:50%2015:70%Three DesignatedItemsFluorocarbonsAirbagsASR RECYCLING R
309、ATES:TARGETED&ACHIEVED Delegated Funds Management Entity(Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)Delegated Information Management Entity(Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)Automobile Manufacturers/Importers/Delegated Organization(Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center)Recoverymanif
310、estsDeliverymanifestsRecoverymanifestsDeliverymanifestsRecoverymanifestsDeliverymanifestsRecoverymanifestsDeliverymanifests*Fluorocarbons are destroyed.Payment of recovery,recycling and disposal costsNote:The Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center assumes the same responsibilities as automobile
311、 manufacturers and importers when an ELV has no manufacturer representation under the provisions of this law.It also assumes transport-to-mainland costs for ELVs turned in on Japans smallest islands.FluorocarbonDisposal*FacilitiesPurchasers ofNew VehiclesPurchasers ofUsed VehiclesFinal OwnersDismant
312、lersFluorocarbonRecoveryOperatorsELVCollectorsInspection®istration verification(MOTAS)Mini-vehicle inspectionAirbagDisposal FacilitiesShredder ResidueRecycling FacilitiesShredder ResidueRecycling FacilitiesShredder Residue ProcessorsPress&ShearOperatorsTo markets for recyclable parts,metals,etc.S
313、hredderresidue Fluorocarbons Paymentfor recoveryPaymentfor recoveryShredding&Sorting OperatorsFluorocarbon&airbag disposal managed byJapan Auto Recycling Partnership(JARP)Designated Handling AgentDesignated Handling AgentMOTAS:Japanese-derived acronym for“motor vehicle inspection and registration sy
314、stem”VehiclecarcassesELVsELVsELVsELV flowInformation flowFee remittance/payment flowsRecycling feeremittances REDUCTIONS IN PRODUCTION PLANT-GENERATED WASTESource:Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationWaste for landfill disposal(x 1,000 tons)025201510505004003002001001990Fiscal year2000 01 02 03
315、 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 162025(Target)17 18 19 20 21Total value of vehicle production including motorcycles(x 1 billion yen)Attention to the EnvironmentRecyclingDisposal/RecyclingFacilities(14)THE MOTORCYCLE RECYCLING FLOWNotes:1.The only cost to final owners(where applicable)is for the
316、 delivery by ELV dealers of end-of-life motorcycles to certified collection centers.2.The disposal of municipally-owned end-of-life motorcycles requires advance approval by the Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion Center.FinalOwnersSource:Japan Automobile Recycling Promotion CenterCertified Collecti
317、on Centers(170)Deliveryto certifiedcollectioncentersEnd-of-Life Motorcycle DealersELV Motorcycle Dealer DesignationDigits represent dealers ID code.Verificationof ownershipVerificationof recyclingdocumentationDelivery of end-of-lifemotorcycle toan ELV motorcycle dealerDelivery of end-of-life motorcy
318、cle directly to a certified collection centerEnd-of-Life Motorcycle Processing(nationwide operations)AirbagsMotorcycle Recycling MarkVerificationof ownershipVerificationof recyclingdocumentation17 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSIONS REGULATIONS IN JAPAN Japans vehicle exhaust emissions regulations have always b
319、een among the worlds most stringent,and its automakers have worked very hard to develop the advanced technologies required to comply with them.As a result,NOx and other atmospheric pollutant levels have been,even in large urban areas,on a steady decline.Japan has participated in international discus
320、sions on the global harmonization of emission test cycles and in 2010 introduced the UN test cycle for motorcycle emissions.In 2018 Japan adopted the UN“WLTC”to measure emissions from new gasoline-powered passenger cars and light commercial vehicles,following its adoption in 2016 of the UN“WHTC”for
321、measuring diesel exhaust emissions from new heavy-duty vehicles(see corresponding notes below).Test cycleWLTC(g/km)(1)WLTC(g/km)(1)WLTC(g/km)(1)WLTC(g/km)(1)WLTC(g/km)(1)WLTC(g/km)(1)WLTC(g/km)(1)WLTC(g/km)(1)JE05(g/kWh)WLTC(g/km)(1)WLTC(g/km)(1)WLTC(g/km)(1)WHTC(g/kWh)(4)Passenger cars Trucks and b
322、usesPassenger cars(3)Trucks and busesMiniLight-duty(GVW1.7t)Medium-duty(1.7t3.5t)Light-duty(GVW1.7t)Medium-duty(1.7t3.5t)GasolineandLPG VehiclesDiesel VehiclesMotorcycles2018201820192019201820182019201920092018201820192016CONMHCNOxPM(2)CONMHCNOxPM(2)CONMHCNOxPM(2)CONMHCNOxPM(2)CONMHCNOxPM(2)CONMHCNO
323、xPMCONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOxPMCONMHCNOxPM1.150.100.050.0054.020.100.050.0051.150.100.050.0052.550.150.070.00716.0 0.230.70.0100.630.0240.150.0050.630.0240.150.0050.630.0240.240.0072.220.170.40.010YearenforcedEmissionRegulatoryvalue(average)Current RegulationsVehicle TypeSources:Ministry of the Environmen
324、t;Ministry of Land,Infrastructure,Transport and Tourism(1)WLTC:Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Cycle,on the basis of values measured in cold-start state.(2)PM values apply only to direct-injection,lean-burn vehicles.(3)Small-sized diesel passenger cars have an equivalent inertia weight(EIW)o
325、f 1.25t(GVW of 1.265t)or less,and mid-sized diesel passenger cars have an EIW over 1.25t.(4)WHTC:World Harmonized Transient Cycle,on the basis of(values measured in cold-start state)x 0.14+(values measured in warm-start state)x 0.86.(5)Class I motorcycles:Over 0.050L and under 0.150L in engine capac
326、ity with a maximum speed of 50km/h,or under 0.150L in engine capacity with a maximum speed of 50km/h and 100km/h.Equivalent to motor-driven cycles,Class 1 and Class 2.Class II motorcycles:Under 0.150L in engine capacity with a maximum speed 100km/h and 130km/h,or 0.150L or over in engine capacity wi
327、th a maximum speed of 130km/h.Equivalent to mini-sized and small-sized motorcycles with a maximum speed of 2.5t):4,100/t/year;Trucks(GVW2.5t):3,300/t/year-Buses:4,100/t/year;Mini-vehicles:3,300/year-Motorcycles(251cc and over):1,900/year-Motorcycles(126 to 250cc):4,900 upon registrationNote:For eco-
328、friendly vehicles,reductions/exemptions apply to the tonnage tax(see pages 20 and 21).Tonnage TaxFixed amount assessed on the owner each year as of April 1Prefectural taxPassenger cars for private use:-Up to 1,000cc 25,000/year-1,001 to 1,500cc 30,500/year-1,501 to 2,000cc 36,000/year-2,001 to 2,500
329、cc 43,500/year-2,501 to 3,000cc 50,000/year-3,001 to 3,500cc 57,000/year-3,501 to 4,000cc 65,500/year-4,001 to 4,500cc 75,500/year-4,501 to 6,000cc 87,000/year-Over 6,000cc 110,000/yearNote:Above tax rates apply to new private-use passenger cars registered on or after October 1,2019.Automobile TaxFi
330、xed amount assessed on the owner each year as of April 1Municipal tax1)Mini-vehicles for private use:-Passenger cars 10,800/year-Trucks 5,000/year2)Motorcycles-Up to 50cc 2,000/year-51 to 90cc 2,000/year-91 to 125cc 2,400/year-126 to 250cc 3,600/year-251cc and over 6,000/yearMini-Vehicle Tax Source:
331、Japan Automobile Manufacturers AssociationWhile in UseGasolineTax 5.2/LRegional GasolineExcise TaxAssessed on light oilPrefectural tax32.1/L (light oil)Diesel Handling TaxAssessed on LPGNational tax17.5/kg(LPG)LPG TaxConsumptionTaxAssessed on gasoline Included in the fuel price National tax48.6/LNot
332、e:Above tax rates apply to new vehicles registered in or after fiscal 2015 and took effect from fiscal 2016.Note:For some eco-friendly mini-vehicles,reductions apply to the mini-vehicle tax(see page 22).Commercial and mini-vehicles excluded3%5%3%AbolishedAcquisitionTaxEnvironmental Performance-Based
333、 TaxFiscalYear“Five-Year”PlanDurationIn the case of a passenger car for private use2,5005,0006,3006,3005,0004,100(2,500*)1.64Commercial and mini-vehicles excluded0 to 3%1.00TonnageTax/0.5t/year13.011.0 14.819.222.124.329.236.545.648.62.00GasolineTax/L 2.03.54.04.45.36.68.25.21.18Regional GasolineExcise Tax/L 6.08.010.412.515.019.524.332.12.14DieselHandling Tax/L 51017.51.00LPG Tax/kg19541955195619
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