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1、2024FACTBOOKSEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION FACTBOOKIntroductionThe data included in the 2024 SIA Factbook helps demonstrate the strength and promise of the U.S.semiconductor industry and why it is critical for policymakers to enact measures that boost growth and promote innovation.The U.S.semico

2、nductor industry is a key driver of Americas economic strength,national security,global competitiveness,and technology leadership.Semiconductors enable the systems and products that we use to work,communicate,travel,entertain,harness energy,treat illness,and make new scientific discoveries.Semicondu

3、ctors were invented in America,and U.S.companies still lead the global market,accounting for nearly half the worlds chip sales.To help promote innovation and ensure Americas continued technology leadership,policymakers should do the following:1.Invest in U.S.Semiconductor Leadership:Implement the po

4、licies and programs in the CHIPS and Science Act efficiently,promptly,and transparently.Devise regulations for the advanced manufacturing investment credit in the CHIPS Act to encompass the full scope of investments in the semiconductor ecosystem.Adopt policies to promote innovation and U.S.competit

5、iveness,such as enacting an investment tax credit for semiconductor design and strengthening the R&D tax credit.Maintain U.S.technology leadership by investing in the research and science programs authorized by the CHIPS and Science Act.2.Strengthen Americas Technology Workforce:Implement a national

6、 strategy backed by appropriate investments and in consultation with education leaders and the private sector to improve our education system,increase the number of Americans graduating in STEM fields,support those pursuing careers in microelectronics,and ensure training and education opportunities

7、to fill open positions.Reform Americas high-skilled immigration system to enable access to the best and brightest in the world,including foreign students with graduate degrees in STEM fields from U.S.universities.Secure funding to strengthen the semiconductor workforce at all levels and ensure a rob

8、ust pipeline at all education levels and skills needs.3.Promote Free Trade and Protect IP:Approve and modernize free trade agreements that remove market barriers,protect IP,and enable fair competition.Expand the Information Technology Agreement,one of the World Trade Organizations most successful fr

9、ee trade agreements.4.Cooperate Closely with Like-Minded Economies:Align policies and regulations with likeminded allies to strengthen national security,promote growth,innovation,and supply chain resilience.PREFACE-i-FACTBOOKList of Figures(Page Numbers in Parentheses)PREFACE-ii-(1)SECTION 1:INDUSTR

10、Y OVERVIEW (2)The Global Semiconductor Industry is a Key Growth Sector in the Global Economy (3)The U.S.Semiconductor Industry has Nearly Half the Global Market Share (4)U.S.-Based Semiconductor Company Sales have Displayed Steady Annual Growth(5)U.S.Semiconductor Manufacturing Capacity in the U.S.R

11、epresents a Shrinking Share (6)Semiconductors are One of Americas Top Exports(7)SECTION 2:GLOBAL MARKET (8)Global Semiconductor Sales are Driven by Products Ultimately Purchased by Consumers (9)Global Semiconductor Sales are Diversified by Type of Product Sold(10)Asia Pacific is the Largest Regional

12、 Semiconductor Market,and China is the Largest Single-Country Market(11)SECTION 3:CAPITAL AND R&D INVESTMENT (12)Total Annual Levels of Investment in Capital and R&D are High for the Industry (13)Capital and R&D Investment are Critical to Maintaining a Competitive U.S.Semiconductor Industry(14)Inves

13、tment in Capital Expenditures and R&D per Employee is Very High for the U.S.Industry,Reaching$223,500 in 2023 (15)U.S.Semiconductor Industry R&D Expenditures are Consistently High,Reflecting the Inherent Importance of R&D to Semiconductor Production (16)Annual R&D Expenditures as a Percent of Sales

14、have Exceeded 15 Percent Over the Past 20 Years,Among the Highest Rates for any U.S.Industry (17)The U.S.Semiconductor Industry is a Leader in R&D Spending as a Percent of Sales Among Major U.S.Industries (18)The U.S.Semiconductor Industry Spends More on R&D as a Percent of Sales than any Other Coun

15、trys Semiconductor Industry (19)The U.S.Semiconductor Industry is Highly Capital Intensive,and Annual Industry Spending on Capital Equipment Tends to be High as a Share of Sales(20)Annual Capital Expenditures as a Percent of Sales have Average Between 10 and 15 Percent Over the Past 20 Years(21)SECT

16、ION 4:U.S.JOBS (22)The U.S.Semiconductor Industry Accounts for a Quarter of a Million Direct U.S.Jobs and Over a Million Additional Indirect U.S.Jobs(23)SECTION 5:U.S.PRODUCTIVITY (24)U.S.-Based Semiconductor Firms have Experienced Rapid Improvements in Productivity Over the Past 20 Years Section 1:

17、Industry Overview-1-Section 1INDUSTRY OVERVIEWTHE GLOBAL SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY IS A KEY GROWTH SECTOR IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMYWorldwide semiconductor sales increased from$139.0 billion in 2001 to$526.9 billion in 2023,a compound annual growth rate of 6.0 percent per year.According to the World Semicon

18、ductor Trade Statistics(WSTS)Fall 2023 Semiconductor Industry Forecast,worldwide semiconductor industry sales are forecasted to increase to$588.4 billion in 2024 and increase to$654.7 billion in 2025.*WSTS,Fall 2023 Semiconductor Industry ForecastSource:World Semiconductor Trade Statistics(WSTS)and

19、SIA Estimates.-8.2%22/23SECTION 1:INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Section 1:Industry Overview-2-01002003004005006007000102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223THE U.S.SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY HAS NEARLY HALF THE GLOBAL MARKET SHAREThe U.S.semiconductor industry experienced a significant loss in global market s

20、hare during the 1980s.In the early 1980s,U.S.-based producers held more than 50 percent of worldwide semiconductor sales.Due to intense competition from Japan-based firms,the effect of illegal dumping“,as well as a severe industry recession in 1985 to 1986,the U.S.industry lost a total of nineteen w

21、orldwide market share points,and it had ceded global industry market share leadership to the Japanese semiconductor industry.The U.S.industry rebounded over the next 10 years,and by 1997,it had regained its leadership position with 50 percent global market share,a position the industry continues to

22、hold today.U.S.semiconductor firms have maintained their competitive edge in microprocessors and other leading-edge devices,as well as having continued to lead in a range of other product areas.In addition,U.S.semiconductor firms maintain a leading position in R&D,design,and process technology.Today

23、,U.S.-based firms have the largest market share with 50.2 percent.Other countries industries have between 7 and 15 percent global market share.Source:World Semiconductor Trade Statistics(WSTS),Gartner,Omdia,and SIA Estimates.SECTION 1:INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Section 1:Industry Overview-3-2023U.S.50.2%Japa

24、n 9%EU12.7%Korea13.8%Taiwan7.0%China*7.2%01020304050608384858687888990919293949596979899000102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223U.SJapanEuropeKoreaTaiwanChinaU.S.-BASED SEMICONDUCTOR COMPANY SALES HAVE DISPLAYED STEADY ANNUAL GROWTHSales by U.S.headquartered semiconductor firms grew from$71.

25、1 billion in 2001 to$264.6 billion in 2023-a compound annual growth rate of 6.0 percent.Sales growth for U.S.headquartered companies shows the same cyclical fluctuations characterized by the industry as a whole.Source:World Semiconductor Trade Statistics(WSTS)and SIA Estimates.SECTION 1:INDUSTRY OVE

26、RVIEW Section 1:Industry Overview-4-3.2%22/230501001502002503000102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223U.S.-BASED SEMICONDUCTOR COMPANIES MAINTAIN MARKET SHARE LEADERSHIP IN MAJOR REGIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR MARKETSIn 2023,semiconductor firms based in the U.S.held 50.2 percent of the total semicond

27、uctor market share,the most of any countrys semiconductor industry.In all major country and regional semiconductor markets,U.S.headquartered companies also held sales market share leadership.Source:World Semiconductor Trade Statistics(WSTS)and SIA Estimates.SECTION 1:INDUSTRY OVERVIEW Section 1:Indu

28、stry Overview-5-53.1%48.3%52.2%48.8%42.0%46.9%51.7%47.8%51.2%58.0%CHINESE MARKET$154.3 BASIA PACIFIC/ALL OTHER MARKET$137.7 BAMERICAS MARKET$134.4EUROPE MARKET$55.8 BJAPAN MARKET$46.8 BU.S.FirmsOther FirmsSEMICONDUCTORS ARE ONE OF AMERICAS TOP EXPORTSSECTION 1:INDUSTRY OVERVIEW U.S.exports of semico

29、nductors were worth$52.7 billion in 2023,sixth-highest among U.S.exports,behind only refined oil,crude oil,airlines,natural gas,and automobiles.Semiconductors constituted the largest share of U.S.exports of all electronic product exports.Source:U.S.International Trade Commission.Industry defined by

30、NAICS codes:334413(Semiconductors);334220(Radio and TV Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment);334118(Computer Equipment);334111(Computers);334510(Electromedical Devices).Source:U.S.International Trade Commission.Industry defined by NAICS codes:334413(Semiconductors);33641X(Aircraft);324

31、110(Refined Oil);211130(Natural Gas);211120(Crude Oil);336110(Automobile)Top 6 U.S.Exports in 2023($Bn)#1 U.S.Electronic Product Export in 2023($Bn)SemiconductorsComputer EquipmentElectromedical Devices Radio and TV Broadcasting and Wireless Communication Equipment ComputersSection 1:Industry Overvi

32、ew-6-Semiconductors$52.7 BillionRefined Oil$121.0 BillionAircraft$113.3 BillionCrude Oil$116.8 billionNatural Gas$67.9 BillionCars$66.2 Billion0102030405060Section 2:Global Market-7-Section 2GLOBAL MARKET Diversified and Consumer-drivenGLOBAL SEMICONDUCTOR SALES ARE DRIVEN BY PRODUCTS ULTIMATELY PUR

33、CHASED BY CONSUMERSThe vast majority of semiconductor demand is driven by products ultimately purchased by consumers,such as laptops,smartphones,automobiles,and more.Increasingly,consumer demand is driven in emerging markets including those in Asia,Latin America,Eastern Europe,and Africa.2023 Total

34、Global Semiconductor Market:$526.9 Billion25%32%17.0%11.0%14.0%1.0%Note:Military end-use is included in Government.Sources:World Semiconductor Trade Statistics(WSTS).GovernmentIndustrialAutomotiveConsumerCommunicationsPC/ComputerSECTION 2:GLOBAL MARKET Section 2:Global Market-8-GLOBAL SEMICONDUCTOR

35、SALES ARE DIVERSIFIED BY TYPE OF PRODUCT SOLDSemiconductor technology has rapidly evolved as the industry develops more advanced products and process technologies for applications in end-use industries.In recent years,the largest segments of the worldwide semiconductor industry have been logic,memor

36、y,analog,and MPU.In 2023,these products accounted for 75 percent of semiconductor industry sales.Source:World Semiconductor Trade Statistics(WSTS)and SIA Estimates.SECTION 2:GLOBAL MARKET Section 2:Global Market-9-LogicMemory MPUAnalogOptoDiscretes MCUSensorDSP%Change over last yearDistribution of W

37、orldwide Semiconductor Sales By Product Segment 2022$178.6B$92.3B$81.2B$45.3B$43.2B$35.5B$27.9B$19.7B$3.2B+1.1%-28.9%-8.7%-10.9%-1.6%+4.5%+11.4%-9.4%-1.4%0501001502002503003504009596979899000102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223ASIA PACIFIC IS THE LARGEST REGIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR MARKET,AND CH

38、INA IS THE LARGEST SINGLE-COUNTRY MARKETIn 2001,the Asia Pacific market surpassed all other regional markets in sales,as electronic equipment production shifted to the region.It has multiplied in size since then,from$39.8 billion to$290.0 billion in 2023.By far,the largest country market in the Asia

39、 Pacific region is China,which accounted for 53 percent of the Asia Pacific market and 29 percent of the total global market.This data reflects sales of semiconductors to electronic equipment makers only final electronic products containing semiconductors are then shipped for consumption around the

40、world.Source:World Semiconductor Trade Statistics(WSTS)and SIA Estimates.Europe 23 4%Japan 23 -3%Americas 23 -5%Asia Pacific 23 -10%Global Regional Semiconductor Market($Billion)China 23 -15%Note:In this graph,the China market data from 2014-2023 represents a subset of the overall Asia Pacific Marke

41、tSECTION 2:GLOBAL MARKET Section 2:Global Market-10-Section 3:Capital and R&D Investment -11-Section 3Capital and R&D Investment A Driving Force in Maintaining a Competitive U.S.Semiconductor IndustryTOTAL ANNUAL LEVELS OF INVESTMENT IN CAPITAL AND R&D ARE HIGH FOR THE INDUSTRYTotal R&D and capital

42、expenditures by U.S.semiconductor firms,including fabless companies,was$107.5 billion in 2023.From 2001 to 2023,the compound annual growth rate was approximately 5.9 percent.Investment levels in terms of share of sales have generally not been subject to fluctuations associated with market cyclicalit

43、y.SECTION 3:Capital and R&D Investment R&D and Capital Expenditures($Billion)Source:U.S.Semiconductor Companies 10K and 10Q Fillings to the U.S.SEC and SIA Estimates.Section 3:Capital and R&D Investment -12-0204060801001200102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223CAPITAL AND R&D INVESTMENT ARE C

44、RITICAL TO MAINTAINING A COMPETITIVE U.S.SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRYTo remain competitive in the semiconductor industry,firms must continually invest a significant share of revenue in both R&D and new plants and equipment.The pace of technological change in the industry requires that companies develop mo

45、re complex designs and process technologies,as well as introduce production machinery capable of manufacturing components with smaller feature sizes.The ability to design and produce state-of-the-art semiconductor components can only be maintained through a continual commitment to keeping pace with

46、industry-wide investment rates of roughly 30 percent of sales.The need to stay at the leading edge of technology has resulted in some extreme fluctuations in years such as 2001 and 2002,when sales declined precipitously while expenditures on R&D and capital equipment did not decline at the same rate

47、.SECTION 3:Capital and R&D Investment Capital and R&D Investment as Percent of SalesSource:U.S.Semiconductor Companies 10K and 10Q Fillings to the U.S.SEC and SIA Estimates.Section 3:Capital and R&D Investment -13-0%5%10%15%20%25%30%35%40%0102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223INVESTMENT IN C

48、APITAL EXPENDITURES AND R&D PER EMPLOYEE DECLINED TO$223,500 IN 2023From 2001 to 2023,total investment per employee(measured by combined R&D and new gross plant and equipment)has increased at a rate of about 3.3 percent per year.These expenditures exceeded$100,000 in 2001 but declined to roughly$91,

49、000 in 2003 after the 2001 downturn.Investment per employee increased to over$100,000 in 2006.The 2008-2009 recession resulted in the decline of investment per employee in 2009 and 2010 but returned in 2012 and grew to$223,500 in 2023.SECTION 3:Capital and R&D Investment$Per EmployeeSource:U.S.Semic

50、onductor Companies 10K and 10Q Fillings to the U.S.SEC and SIA Estimates.Section 3:Capital and R&D Investment -14-0500001000001500002000002500000102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223U.S.SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY R&D EXPENDITURES ARE CONSISTENTLY HIGH,REFLECTING THE INHERENT IMPORTANCE OF R&D TO

51、 SEMICONDUCTOR PRODUCTIONU.S.semiconductor industry R&D expenditures grew at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 6.7 percent from 2001 to 2023.R&D expenditures by U.S.semiconductor firms tend to be consistently high,regardless of cycles in annual sales,which reflects the importance of inv

52、esting in R&D to semiconductor production.In 2023,total U.S.semiconductor industry investment in R&D totaled$59.3 billion.SECTION 3:Capital and R&D Investment R&D Expenditures($Billion)Source:U.S.Semiconductor Companies 10K and 10Q Fillings to the U.S.SEC and SIA Estimates.Section 3:Capital and R&D

53、Investment -15-0102030405060700102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223ANNUAL R&D EXPENDITURES AS A PERCENT OF SALES HAVE EXCEEDED 15 PERCENT OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS,AMONG THE HIGHEST RATES FOR ANY U.S.INDUSTRYAnnual R&D expenditures as a percent of sales have exceeded 15 percent over the past 2

54、0 years.This rate is unprecedented among major manufacturing sectors of the United States economy.R&D expenditures are essential to the competitive position of semiconductor firms.The rapid pace of technological change requires constant advancements in process technology and device capabilities.The

55、increase in R&D in 2001 and 2002 was caused by the industrys commitment to the future of technology despite an economic downturn.The 2003-2004 decrease,as well as the 2020-2021 decrease,was not due to cuts in R&D budgets but rather to stronger than expected industry growth,which increased revenues f

56、aster than expected.SECTION 3:Capital and R&D Investment R&D Expenditures Percent of SalesSource:U.S.Semiconductor Companies 10K and 10Q Fillings to the U.S.SEC and SIA Estimates.Section 3:Capital and R&D Investment -16-0%5%10%15%20%25%0102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223THE U.S.SEMICONDUC

57、TOR INDUSTRY IS A LEADER IN R&D SPENDING AS A PERCENT OF SALES AMONG MAJOR U.S.INDUSTRIESThe rate of U.S.semiconductor industry R&D spending is among the highest in key major high technology industrial sectors.Based on the 2023 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard,the U.S.semiconductor industry w

58、as second only to the U.S.pharmaceuticals&biotechnology industry in terms of the rate of R&D spending as a percent of sales.SECTION 3:Capital and R&D Investment Section 3:Capital and R&D Investment -17-R&D Expenditures as a Percent of SalesPharmaceuticals&Biotechnology Software&Computer ServicesSemi

59、conductors Mobile TelecommunicationsConsumer Electronics27.1%21.4%Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment18.75%15.7%9.2%9.1%8.4%7.7%6.8%6.2%5.7%Note:*Excluding semiconductors.Note:Slight differences in semiconductor industry share from page 18 table due to differences in methodology and source data.So

60、urce:The 2023 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard.23.1%19.5%19.0%13.5%10.3%7.7%R&D Expenditures as a Percent of SalesTHE U.S.SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY SPENDS MORE ON R&D AS A PERCENT OF SALES THAN ANY OTHER COUNTRYS SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRYU.S.semiconductor industrys R&D spending as a percent of sale

61、s is unsurpassed by any other countrys semiconductor industry.SECTION 3:Capital and R&D Investment Section 3:Capital and R&D Investment -18-R&D Expenditures as a Percent of SalesChinaU.S.JapanEurope TaiwanKorea19.5%14.0%12.0%11.0%9.5%7.6%Note:Slight differences in semiconductor industry share from p

62、age 18 table due to differences in methodology and source data.Source:The 2022 EU Industrial R&D Investment Scoreboard.THE U.S.SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY IS HIGHLY CAPITAL INTENSIVE,AND ANNUAL INDUSTRY SPENDING ON CAPITAL EQUIPMENT TENDS TO BE HIGH AS A SHARE OF SALESThe U.S.semiconductor industry gross

63、 capital expenditures were$48.2 billion in 2023.Capital expenditures declined from 2001-2003 due to the completion of major new facilities during 1999-2001 and increased use of foundries.2004 saw a rebound,and in 2005 the industry was in a balanced position in terms of capital expenditures as a perc

64、entage of sales.In 2011,after a sharp decline in 2009 due to the global economic recession,capital expenditures rebounded to reach$23.7 billion.In 2023,capital expenditures slightly decreased from$50.7 billion to$48.2 billion from 2022 to 2023.Capex,however,has increased at an annual rate of 5.1%sin

65、ce 2001.SECTION 3:Capital and R&D Investment Capital Expenditures($Billion)Source:U.S.Semiconductor Companies 10K and 10Q Fillings to the U.S.SEC and SIA Estimates.Section 3:Capital and R&D Investment -19-01020304050600102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223ANNUAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURES AS A PER

66、CENT OF SALES HAVE AVERAGED BETWEEN 10 AND 15 PERCENT OVER THE PAST 20 YEARS.Annual capital expenditures as a percent of sales have exceeded 10 percent in all but 2 of the past 20 years.This rate is extremely high among major manufacturing sectors of the U.S economy.For semiconductor manufacturers,c

67、apital spending is essential to their competitive position.The rapid pace of industry innovation requires large outlays in capital spending to continue to produce more advanced devices.SECTION 3:Capital and R&D Investment Capital Expenditures as a Percent of SalesSource:U.S.Semiconductor Companies 1

68、0K and 10Q Fillings to the U.S.SEC and SIA Estimates.Section 3:Capital and R&D Investment -20-0%5%10%15%20%25%0102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223Section 4U.S.JOBSSection 4:Jobs-21-SECTION 4:U.S.JOBSSection 4:Jobs-22-THE U.S.SEMICONDUCTOR INDUSTRY ACCOUNTS FOR A QUARTER OF A MILLION DIRECT

69、 U.S.JOBS AND OVER A MILLION ADDITIONAL INDIRECT U.S.JOBSdirect jobs in the U.S.semiconductor industry jobs in other parts of the U.S.economythats more than 1.9 MILLION ADDITIONAL American Jobs.338,000 ONE U.S.semiconductor job supports 5.7Source:SIA X Oxford Economics:CHIPPING IN-THEU.S.SEMICONDUCT

70、OR INDUSTRYWORKFORCE AND HOW FEDERAL INCENTIVES WILL INCREASE DOMESTIC JOBSSection 5U.S.PRODUCTIVITYSection 5:Productivity-23-SECTION 5:PRODUCTIVITYU.S.-BASED SEMICONDUCTOR FIRMS HAVE EXPERIENCED RAPID IMPROVEMENTS IN PRODUCTIVITY OVER THE PAST 20 YEARSU.S.semiconductor industry labor productivity h

71、as more than doubled since 2001.These productivity gains have been made possible by maintaining high capital investment levels and R&D spending rates.In 2023,the U.S.semiconductor industry recorded an average sales revenue per employee ratio of over$632,000.Source:U.S.Semiconductor Companies 10K and 10Q Fillings to the U.S.SEC and SIA Estimates.Sales per Employee($)Section 5:Productivity-27-01000002000003000004000005000006000007000008000000102030405060708091011121314151617181920212223