建筑行業如何實現凈零排放.pdf

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1、Decarbonizing the construction industryPathway to Net-Zero ConstructionDr.Carl DesouzaThe centre for low emission constructionRaising awareness of air quality impacts from construction and demolitionProviding high quality scientific research to inform policy developmentWorking with manufacturers to

2、develop low emission technologiesQuantify the health impact of exposure to emissions for the public and people working in the construction sectorDeveloping guidance for industry,planners and air quality professionalsConstruction as a source of emissionsTackling air quality and climate changeAir Qual

3、ity,Climate Change,and HealthWith thanks to Alice Pengelly,University of SouthamptonAQ and GHG emissions from machines used on sites 300,000 items of machines used in the UK construction sector2.5 million tonnes of diesel used on UK construction in 20202 million tonnes of diesel used for on-site gen

4、eratorsAQ and CO2emissions associated with burning diesel6 million tonnes CO2e in 2019Source:BEIS,January 2023It is not all about carbonStepping stones to reduce on-site emissionsDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuels(sustainably sourced)Improved energy efficiencyHydrogen(green)Electric(grid connectio

5、n)Diesel free site(zero-tailpipe)Diesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesBaseline diesel fuelMeasure emissions from current fleet PEMS/iPEMS/on-board sensing?Inspect high emittersBaseline emission factors/model emission factors for unavailable machines

6、Develop fleet inventory for OEMs/hire companies/London/UKProvide baseline evidence for policy development and test scenariosStepping stones to reduce on-site emissionsDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuels(sustainably sourced)Improved energy efficiencyHydrogen(green)Electric(grid connection)Diesel fre

7、e site(zero-tailpipe)Diesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesTrial biofuels such as hydrotreated vegetable oil(HVO)&gas-to-liquid(GTL)Measured minimal reduction in tailpipe emissionsInform fuel strategy for Government+Infrastructure projects+OEMs+Contr

8、actors Department for Transport online publication HS2 contractor groups&Environment Agency Department for Energy Security&Net Zero Department for Environment,Food&Rural Affairs Department for Business Energy&Industrial Strategy Low carbon fuelsDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiency

9、HydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesStepping stones to reduce on-site emissionsDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuels(sustainably sourced)Improved energy efficiencyHydrogen(green)Electric(grid connection)Diesel free site(zero-tailpipe)Diesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectri

10、cDiesel-free sitesImproving efficiencies:retrofit technologyDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesImproving efficiencies:energy storage recovery systemTechnology used to capture energy from an engine that is normally wasted and stored in a high-speed

11、 flywheel Rapid ramping of power(dynamic range)Paired with tower crane load cycleDown-sizing generator reduces hire and fuel costsReduces emissions Diesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesImproving efficiencies:energy management systemEcoLink actively

12、manages energy demand avoiding unnecessary peaksIntelligently switches off non-essential assets when energy demand spikesSmaller generators are used more efficientlyOther power saving measures are implementedDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesImpr

13、oving efficiencies:behavioural changeAnti idlingPersonal exposureDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesStepping stones to reduce on-site emissionsDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuels(sustainably sourced)Improved energy efficiencyHydrogen(green)Electr

14、ic(grid connection)Diesel free site(zero-tailpipe)Diesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesHydrogen combustion:Clean air gas engineCAGE engines run on LPG and H2In-field tests have demonstrated significant reductions in NOXand PM/PN emissionsInnovateUK

15、and BEIS RDR innovation projectDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesCleaner alternatives:LPG&Hydrogen98%reduction in CO97%reduction in NOX99%reduction in PM93%reduction in CO90%reduction in NOX96%reduction in PMDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsIm

16、proved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesHydrogen dual-fuel vehiclesRetrofitting existing on-road fleet to run on diesel and H2 combustionDemonstrating safe H2use in the construction sectorTechnology transferable to NRMMUK-wide H2refuelling infrastructureDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuels

17、Improved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesHydrogen fuel cell power generatorDemonstrating use of H2on construction sitesDeveloping safe protocols Fuel cell generator run on H2 2x250kVA generator replaces traditional 500kVA diesel gensetDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficienc

18、yHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesHydrogen fuel-cell generator(results)4-month on-site trial demonstrated an annual reduction potential of 486 tonnes of CO2and 2.3 tonnes of NOXUsing the US-EPAs GHG equivalencies calculator,carbon saved equates:1,811,845 miles driven in a diesel car39,751 UK gallons

19、 of diesel saved61 homes energy use for 1 yearSwitching 18,420 light bulbs to LEDsDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesApplications of HydrogenThe future of hydrogenHydrogen has potential to decarbonise sectors,such as construction Zero tail-pipe em

20、issionsLow-carbon hydrogen could meet 10%of global energy needs under the International Energy Agencys Net Zero by 2050 scenarioHydrogen demand is forecast to double by 2030 Clear and consistent policy still required from GovernmentDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElect

21、ricDiesel-free sitesStepping stones to reduce on-site emissionsDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuels(sustainably sourced)Improved energy efficiencyHydrogen(green)Electric(grid connection)Diesel free site(zero-tailpipe)Diesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free

22、sitesElectric machinesBattery technology already exists for small to medium NRMM Larger machines likely to be hydrogen or hybridRequires better site energy efficiency measuresEarly planning for site electrification Clean off-grid power generation essential as numbers of electric machines increase Di

23、esel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesIndustrial approach:Incentivise through grants?Accelerating uptake to decarbonise constructionGovernmental approach:Mandate through policy?Diesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDies

24、el-free sitesDiesel free construction sitesThrough evidence produced in these measurement trials HS2 achieved their first diesel free site in May 2022They now have ten similar sitesCommitted all sites diesel free by 2029 Combination of low emission solutionsGreen demand drives supply chain and innov

25、ation Knowledge shared through Learning Legacy processDiesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesMandate through policyMains connectionConnect to existing siteElectricHydrogenHydro-systemSolar Alternatives to gen-setsHybrid systemsLow carbon fuelReduce fo

26、ssil dieselGreater London Authority low emission zone for construction machinery Department for Net Zero funded Red Diesel Replacement competition to accelerate innovation Removal of diesel tax incentives and global fuel cost increases drives innovationEnvironment Agency:Lowest carbon energy provision option for their sites,June 2022Diesel used on sitesLow carbon fuelsImproved efficiencyHydrogenElectricDiesel-free sitesCentre for Low Emission ConstructionEnvironmental Research Groupwww.clec.ukQuestions?carl.desouzaimperial.ac.uk