廢物能源：B&W廢物能源技術和歐洲的最新發展.pdf

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1、BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.1RENEWABLEENVIRONMENTALTHERMALB&W Waste to Energy Technology and recent developments in EuropeJeremy CrowleyDepartment Manager LicensingNov 2024BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.2Waste management tren

2、ds in EuropeThe B&W Combustion SystemThe B&W Boiler DesignsContentBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.3Driven by rapid urbanization and growing populations,global annual waste generation is expected to jump70 PERCENT70 PERCENTto 3.4 billion tonnes in 2050,up from 2.01

3、billion tonnes in 2016.Source:World BankBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.4 World population in 2024 is 8.2 billion and growing at a rate of 1.1%(200,000/day)Universal impactHigh-income countries:volumeLow-income countries:mismanagement(dumped/burned)Waste plastic in

4、 the ocean is becoming a major environmental problem=micro plasticOpen landfill burningEmission of strong green houses gases from landfills=CH4Local contamination of ground waterGlobal Need for Safe Waste ManagementCompostingIncinerationControlled LandfillLandfill(unspecified)Source:World BankWaste

5、Disposal(%)WHERE DOES IT GO?Sanitary Landfill(gas collection)Open Dump=OPEN BURNINGOtherRecycling5.511.13.70.313.525.27.733BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.5Municipal waste treatment in Europe today BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.

6、6Towards a circular economy Current rates of resource depletion and waste generation are Need to economic growth from increasing resource consumption.Radically models requiredBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.7BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights

7、 reserved.8DynaGrateWater-cooled wear zoneOn-line Boiler Washing SystemFlue gas condensingHCl+NH3+Hg(II)stagePCDD/Fs:ADIOXSuper-heater design:Materials&configurationNextBAT FROM CRANE TO STACKThe Scandinavian solution to the next generation of Best Available TechnologyFine particles:WESPHg+SO2VoluMi

8、xParticle filterRam feederBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.9Water Cooled Wear ZoneVoluMixDynaGrate combustion grates No pre-treatment=max efficiency Fuel flexibility Heating value=big variation Low excess air,1.9 1.3Reduce stack lossReduce electrical own consumption

9、Reduce NOx formation Good burnout,TOC 1%High availability robust boiler design CFD flow design VoluMix Water cooled wear zone Inconel boiler protection On-line boiler cleaning=Reduce slagging sensitivity=high availability Advanced super heater configurationBoiler DesignLeading Edge Combustion Techno

10、logyBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.10 The grate is based on unique design Transport is created by a combination of force of gravity and inclination af the grate Inter-locked motion mechanism between grate shafts Movement created by the 60 rotating of the grate bar

11、s Pivoting bar motion fuel tumbling(mixing,motion and combustion)BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.11DynaGrate Pivoting Combustion GrateqNo Contact Between Grate BarsHigh Availability No problems with Metal in FuelLow O&M CostqAir or water cooled Combustion GrateHigh

12、 Fuel Flexibility Low Excess AirLow NO Formation qUniform and Efficient CombustionStrong Agitation of Fuel BedIntense Turbulent CombustionTOC 0.8Steam data:Temperature=450 CPressure=65 bar(a)Generating 550 million kWh every yearGross Electric output 165 MWSchmidt Hammer Lassen and Gottlieb PaludanBA

13、BCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.27AMAGER BAKKE/COPENHILL DENMARKEnergy-from-Waste Features an artificial ski slope High steam data+CHP 440C and 67 bar 2 lines 42 t/h per line Commissioned:2017BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.281.The

14、Waste Framework Directive Landfill target max 10%in 20302.Industrial Emissions Directive(IED)Emission Limits(typically the upper range)&3.Stable economic climate low rate of 1.Post Covid-19 increasing rate of interest3.Political and military conflictsextreme variations5.Disruption in supply chain-6.

15、EPC contract has been loss-making many players left the marketEU Waste Management A brand new WorldBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.291.The Waste Framework Directive Landfill target max 10%2.Industrial Emissions Directive(IED)Emission limits&BREF3.Stable economic lo

16、w rate of interest1.More focus on circular economy2.Decarbonization/carbon capture3.Secured energy base load to become renewable(wind,solar,hydrogen,Power to X)4.The revision of the Waste Framework Directive started in 2022 and will be influenced by the overall EU objective to increase circularity o

17、f materials.5.Revised IED published in 2024,reduction in emissions of key air pollutants6.Major review of Waste Framework Directive is foreseen for 2024-2025,with the new European Commission.7.Carbon Management-EU emission trading system(EU ETS)including WtEEU Waste Management A brand new WorldBABCO

18、CK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.30Fuel Flexibility=True Mass BurnFuel-MSW&Industrial WasteUntreated=mass burningHousehold wasteCommercial wasteIndustrial wasteHospital wasteSludgeMixed fuel/waste streamsPretreatedRDFSRFBiomassNo Need of Pre-Treatment of WasteUse electri

19、cityO&M cost15-30/tonMax Particle size 8000 hoursOptimizing and maintaining heat transfer efficiency Controlling superheater inlet temperature for reduction of corrosion 650 CIncrease the service life of the boiler Reduce costs for operation and maintenance BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Com

20、pany.All rights reserved.33Boiler on-line shock cleaning systemsTechnology=High Temperatures Tailoring the Boiler Design On Line Cleaning of the Radiant Drafts in the BoilerControl the Inlet Temperature to the Convection Part 625 C Evaporator in Front of the Super Heaters CFD Design Temperature and

21、FlowBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.34Incineration TechnologyWet ash dischargerSeal to the furnaceNo dust in the room“Break”stock itemsDynaDischargerBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.35Waste Feeding System and GrateBABCOCK&WILCOX 20

22、24 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.36 Design features-High availabilityA feeder piston/hydraulic cylinder can be taken out for repair during operationMinimum number of moving partsMinimize number of smaller particles that accumulate under pusher pistons with seal to avoid blockage and

23、 need for manual cleaningCentral lubrication systemDynaFeederBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.37CFD Design:Analysis of flow field Velocity Dead space Temperature field Heat transfer Corrosion Burn out Particle paths Residence timeBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilc

24、ox Company.All rights reserved.38Corrosion and Fouling in Waste Fired BoilersWaste is a extremely difficult fuelCorrosion and fouling caused by:Harmful fuel composition High temperatures:Steam temperatureFlue gas temperature Particle impact High velocityControl corrosion by:Ceramic tiles New materia

25、lsInconelTP310 Optimizes super heaters configuration CFD modeling=temperature profile500600700800900100011001200Flue Gas Temperature C250300350400450500550600Metal Temperature CHigh Corrosion AreaLow Corrosion AreaFin centre tempeatureBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserve

26、d.39Inconel and MSW BoilersInconel 625 CMT WeldingThickness 1 or 2 mmCold Metal Transfer Corrosion Rate0,1mm/10.000 hFe Content 5 YearsVery Fast Ramping of LoadFlexible OutputBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.40Inconel saves 1.6 million euros annually16 million euros

27、 saved over the course of ten years.That is the reality at Vestforbrnding,the Danish energy-from-waste plant,which opted in 2006 to install Inconel in the entire first pass of the boiler in its furnace line 5.The boilers capacity has since increased by almost 25%;operating time has increased;there a

28、re no unplanned outages due to fallen refractory lining;and maintenance work has been reduced to an inspection and minor repairs every five years.Babcock&Wilcox Vlunds newsletter BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.41Advanced Combustion ControlAdapt to Changes in the W

29、aste Quality and Quantity Meet Variations in the Waste Heating Value and Competition Volatiles Release Rate,Composition,and TemperatureUniform Temperature ProfilePrimary Combustion Air Distribution Always Optimized for Perfect BurnoutIncreased Efficiency Ratio of Primary to Secondary Combustion Air

30、FlowSteady Steam Production High Tube Performance=High Electricity ProductionControlling the Position of the Main Combustion ZoneWaste Layer ControlNOX Control Improvement of Clinker BurnoutLonger Continuous Operation,Longer Lifetime,Higher Performance Fast Fuel Bed ControlBasic PrincipleInput to:qA

31、CC Model/SimulatorqMCR ControlCorrection of:qRam FeederqSpeed of GratesBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.42BeforeAfterBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.43DynaGrateActive Control of Flame Front PositionControl and adjustment of the pos

32、ition of the main combustion zone:Improve Operation by Good OverviewControl grate speed Control Primary Air distributionBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.443+2+2+We are measuring the temperature and composition of the gases coming from the burning fuel bedIn order to

33、 minimize the NOx formation by modifying the primary air distributionAffaldplusAdvanced de-NOx SystemBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.45MultistageADIOX scrubberDioxin removal in ADIOX absorbersDistrictheatingDistrictcoolingClean waterAbsorption heat pumps&chillersAb

34、sorption heat pumps&chillersAbsorption heat pumps&chillersDust removalFrom crane to stack Water treatmentBabcock&Wilcox Vlund-Grate fired furnace and boilerBabcock&Wilcox Vlund ABBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.46Dry system with conditioning towerMMMSilo ResiduesMM

35、Silo PACCaOH2siloIndustrial waterQuench towerBag house filterBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.47Combination dry-and wet flue gas cleaning systemEnergy recoveryIncrease revenue in heat sales improved R1 factor 0.65Improved gas cleaning capabilityPotentially better av

36、ailabilityLarger flexibility with regard to fuel composition better prepared for potentially more stringent emission requirements Improved stoichiometry in bag filter systemsLess additives less costLess residues less costOthersProduction of clean water for use as boiler or district heating water pos

37、siblePossibility to separate ammonia-relating to NOx reduction by SNCRWaste water can go back to the furnaceBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.48Field ServicesComponent&System UpgradesControl SystemsReplacement&Spare PartsOperation&MaintenanceDynaGrate combustion grat

38、e DynaDischarger ash removalWater-cooled wear zones and Inconel corrosion protectionVoluMix system for improved combustionFabric filter baghouseWet scrubber with ADIOX including energy recoveryOn-line boiler washing systemSelective non-catalytic reduction(SNCR)NOx controlDynaFeeder waste fuel feeder

39、 systemDry cooling systemsEnergy storage systemsCarbon capture solutionsBABCOCK&WILCOX 2023 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.49AMAGER BAKKE/COPENHILL DENMARKEnergy-from-Waste Features an artificial ski slope High steam data+CHP 440C and 67 bar 2 lines 42 t/h per line Commissioned:2017B

40、ABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.50High Steam Data+CHPv440 C and 67 barv=29%vR1=1.56ARC/Copenhill,DenmarkPlant performance:Total plant efficiency 99%Electricity for 62.000 householdsHeat for 160.000 households100 million liter water recovered by flue gas condensation

41、10.000 tons of metals recoveredB&W technology utilized included:DynaGrate combustion system2 x 42 t/hMulti pass Waste fired boilerAdvanced SCR de-NOx systemInput Energy FlexibilityFuel input=50%to100%Heating Value=6 up to 20 MJ/kgOutput Production FlexibilityElectricity net power=0 to 55 MWeHeat=157

42、 to 247 MWthBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.51West Palm Beach,United States Energy-from-Waste Combined U.S.and European technologies First waste-to-energy plant in U.S.in 17 years One of the largest,cleanest in the world(2,700 t/d)First SCR in U.S.WtE integrated in

43、to power cycle 3 lines 37.8 t/h per line Scope:DynaGrate Commissioned:2015BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.52EfW at Sakra,SingaporeEnergy-from-Waste,license concept DynaGrate,wear zones,design of boiler and feeding equipment 403 C/54 bar 150 t/h steam 2 lines 24 t/h

44、 per line Commissioned:2016BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.53 Market in China will continue to grow DynaGrate reference in WtE plant Shenzhen East=unique opportunity to develop market for high profile plants in China Local representation needed in China We are curr

45、ently vetting candidates for WtE licensee in India BWV should join forces with experienced licensees to address low cost market in AsiaKey take-awaysShenzhen Burn 5,600 tones of waste per day6 DynaGratesHeating value 8.8 Mj/kgR1 value 0.8Steam data:Temperature=450 CPressure=65 bar(a)Generating 550 m

46、illion kWh every yearGross Electric output 165 MWSchmidt Hammer Lassen and Gottlieb PaludanBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.54BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.55Dunbar/East Lothian,Scotland,UKEnergy-from-Waste 258 GWh of baseload gr

47、een energy DynaGrate technology 440C and 65 bar GMAB flue gas treatment SPIG air-cooled condensers 2 lines,19.2 t/hr per line Commissioned:2019BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.56Skvde-216 tpdAalborg 576 tpdEksj-192 tpdNstved-192 tpdSundsvall-600 tpdLinkping-576 tpdK

48、olding-300 tpdBoden III-415 tpdTafjord II-211 tpdSarcelles-528 tpdMeath-641 tpdTrehoerningen-259 tpdStavanger-211 tpdHelsingborg-648 tpdLidkping-223 tpdRiihimki II-394 tpdTempleborough-840 tpdNordforbrnding-240 tpd Peterborough-266 tpdMargam-888 tpdGloucester-564 tpdDunbar-1,085 tpdCopenhill-1,680tp

49、dTotal Waste Capacity0 tpd216 tpd408 tpd984 tpd1,176 tpd1,776 tpd2,352 tpd2,652 tpd2,863 tpd3,074 tpd3,602 tpd4,243 tpd4,502 tpd4,714 tpd4,937 tpd5,585 tpd5,978 tpd6,245 tpd6,485 tpd7,325 tpd8,213 tpd8,777 tpd9,862 tpd10,277 tpd11,957 tpdBoden II-211 tpdBABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company

50、.All rights reserved.57Recent ProjectsUK&IrelandMeathIrelandType:Energy-from-waste plantCapacity:214,000 t/y,Commissioning:2011MargamUKType:Biomass-fired power plantCapacity:335,000 t/y,Commissioning:2018TeessideUKType:Biomass-fired power plantCapacity:335,000 t/y,Commissioning:2018GloucesterUKType:

51、Energy-from-waste plantCapacity:190,000 t/y,Commissioning:2019PeterboroughUKType:Energy-from-waste plantCapacity:85,000 t/y,Commissioning:2015Templeborough/RotherhamUKType:Biomass-fired power plantCapacity:335,000 t/y,Commissioning:2018DunbarUKType:Energy-from-waste plantCapacity:300,000 t/y,Commiss

52、ioning:2018BABCOCK&WILCOX 2024 The Babcock&Wilcox Company.All rights reserved.58 Gross electrical efficiency of 30%8000 hrs guaranteed,up to 8,400 demonstrated 18 months between major stopsProven TechnologyAlways improvingChute-to-stack technology and ongoing R&D Increasing steam parameters in waste plantsIncreasing availabilityFuel flexibility a key considerationPROVEN TECHNOLOGY DynaGrate pivoting combustion grate Key funding requirement State-of-the-art technology development