1、1 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org FOR RELEASE JANUARY 31,2024 Americans Use of Mobile Technology and Home Broadband Some aspects of the digital divide remain,even as most U.S.adults have a smartphone or subscribe to home broadband.About 4 in 10 report being online almost constantly BY Risa G

2、elles-Watnick FOR MEDIA OR OTHER INQUIRIES:Monica Anderson,Director,Internet and Technology Research Jeffrey Gottfried,Associate Director,Research Haley Nolan,Communications Manager 202.419.4372 www.pewresearch.org RECOMMENDED CITATION Pew Research Center,January,2024,“Americans Use of Mobile Techno

3、logy and Home Broadband”2 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan,nonadvocacy fact tank that informs the public about the issues,attitudes and trends shaping the world.It does not take policy positions.The Center conducts public opinion

4、polling,demographic research,computational social science research and other data-driven research.It studies politics and policy;news habits and media;the internet and technology;religion;race and ethnicity;international affairs;social,demographic and economic trends;science;research methodology and

5、 data science;and immigration and migration.Pew Research Center is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts,its primary funder.Pew Research Center 2024 www.pewresearch.org 3 PEW RESEARCH CENTER How we did this To better understand Americans smartphone and broadband adoption,Pew Research Center surv

6、eyed 5,733 U.S.adults from May 19 to Sept.5,2023.Ipsos conducted this National Public Opinion Reference Survey(NPORS)for the Center using address-based sampling and a multimode protocol that included both web and mail.This way nearly all U.S.adults have a chance of selection.The survey is weighted t

7、o be representative of the U.S.adult population by gender,race and ethnicity,education and other categories.Polls from 2000 to 2021 were conducted via phone.For more on this mode shift,please read our Q&A.Here are the questions used for this analysis,along with responses,and its methodology.4 PEW RE

8、SEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Americans Use of Mobile Technology and Home Broadband Some aspects of the digital divide remain,even as most U.S.adults have a smartphone or subscribe to home broadband.About 4 in 10 report being online almost constantlyIn a far cry from the early 2000s,most U.S.adu

9、lts today say they use the internet(95%),have a smartphone(90%)or subscribe to high-speed internet at home(80%),according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted May 19 to Sept.5,2023.Though adoption of these technologies has surged over the past two decades,there are notable differences by age,ho

10、usehold income and educational attainment.The Center has been tracking technology use for many years.Recently,we shifted from gathering responses via telephone to the web and mail.Mode changes can affect study results in a number of ways,therefore,we have to take a cautious approach when examining h

11、ow things have or have not changed since our last study on these topics in 2021.For more details on this shift,please.Most U.S.adults have a smartphone,home broadband%of U.S.adults who say they own or subscribe to the following Note:Dotted line indicates a change in mode.Polls from 2000-2021 were co

12、nducted via phone.In 2023,the poll was conducted via web and mail.Refer to the topline for more information on how question wording varied over the years.Those who did not give an answer or who gave other responses are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 19-Sept.5,2023.“Americans Use

13、 of Mobile Technology and Home Broadband”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 13577858090Home broadbandSmartphone00112123Indicates change in survey mode5 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Who has a smartphone and home broadband?Even with high rates of adoption overall,divides exist by income,level of formal ed

14、ucation and age.These differences are in line with the last time the Center asked about smartphone ownership and home broadband subscription in 2021.Smartphone use Smartphones are common across income levels,but those in households earning$100,000 or more annually are far more likely than those earn

15、ing less than$30,000 per year to have one(98%vs.79%).There are also differences by education.Adults who have a bachelors degree or some college education own smartphones at higher rates than those with a high school diploma or less.Age also plays a role:Adults 50 and older especially those who are a

16、t least 65 are less likely than their younger counterparts to own a smartphone.Rates of smartphone ownership,broadband subscription vary across groups,including by household income and education%of U.S.adults who say they own or subscribe to the following *Estimates for Asian adults are representati

17、ve of English speakers only.Note:White,Black and Asian adults include those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic.Hispanic adults are of any race.Those who did not give an answer or who gave other responses are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 19-Sept.5,2023.“America

18、ns Use of Mobile Technology and Home Broadband”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 9091849197979789768392977990949891938780836875847887817065839257768895778673U.S.adultsWhiteBlackHispanicAsian*Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+HS or lessSome collegeCollege+$30K$30K-$69,999$70K-$99,999$100K+UrbanSuburbanRuralSmartphoneHome Bro

19、adbandHousehold income6 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Home broadband There are large gaps between the lowest-and highest-income Americans in whether they have a broadband subscription.Nearly all(95%)adults with an annual household income of at least$100,000 say they have one.This compares

20、with 57%of adults in households that make less than$30,000 per year.A similar pattern emerges by level of formal education.While most adults living in rural areas(73%)subscribe to high-speed internet at home,they are less likely to do so than their peers living in suburban areas(86%)and slightly les

21、s likely than those living in urban settings(77%).Asian(84%)and White(83%)adults are more likely than Hispanic(75%)or Black(68%)adults to say they subscribe to home broadband.Many of these differences between racial and ethnic groups fade,though,when accounting for income,education,age and community

22、 type.1 1 Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.7 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Smartphone-dependent adults Some 15%of adults are“smartphone dependent,”meaning they own a smartphone but do not subscribe to a high-speed home broadband service.This share has

23、remained relatively stable in recent years but is roughly double what we found in 2013(8%).Those who live in lower-income households are particularly likely to rely on their smartphone to go online.The shares who fall into this category are:28%of Americans in households earning less than$30,000 per

24、year 19%of Americans in households earning$30,000 to$69,999 per year 9%of Americans in households earning$70,000 to$99,999 per year 4%of Americans in households earning$100,000 or more per year Adults with lower levels of formal education are also more likely to be smartphone dependent.About a quart

25、er(24%)of those who have completed high school or less education rely on a mobile device for internet,compared with 6%of those with a college degree.Roughly one-in-five Black or Hispanic adults are smartphone dependent,compared with a smaller share of White adults.15%of U.S.adults are smartphone dep

26、endent,and this share is greater among those with lower incomes%of U.S.adults who are smartphone dependent(i.e.,say they have a smartphone but do not subscribe to home broadband)*Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.Note:White,Black and Asian adults include those wh

27、o report being only one race and are not Hispanic.Hispanic adults are of any race.Those who did not give an answer or who gave other responses are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 19-Sept.5,2023.“Americans Use of Mobile Technology and Home Broadband”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 15122120142

28、011141624136281994171118U.S.adultsWhiteBlackHispanicAsian*Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+HS or lessSome collegeCollege+$30K$30K-$69,999$70K-$99,999$100K+UrbanSuburbanRuralHousehold income8 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org What share of Americans are constantly online?With the internet becoming more a

29、nd more central to Americans daily lives,nine-in-ten U.S.adults now say they go online every day.This includes 41%who report using the internet almost constantly.Roughly 4 in 10 U.S.adults say theyre online almost constantly%of U.S.adults who say they use the internet Note:Figures may not add up to

30、the NET values due to rounding.Those who did not give an answer are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 19-Sept.5,2023.“Americans Use of Mobile Technology and Home Broadband”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 41435 3 2 5NET Daily90NET Less than daily5Almost constantlySeveral times a dayAbout once a

31、 daySeveral times a weekLess oftenDont use9 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org However,some are more likely to be constantly online than others especially the youngest adults.About six-in-ten adults ages 18 to 29(62%)say they are constantly online,compared with smaller shares of those in older

32、age groups,including only 15%of those 65 and older.Those with higher levels of education and household incomes are also more likely to say they are online almost constantly.For instance,roughly half(52%)of adults with an annual household income of at least$100,000 report using the internet almost co

33、nstantly.This compares with about four-in-ten or fewer among those with an annual household income less than$100,000.Differences also emerge by the type of community that adults live in.About half of those living in urban areas(48%)say they use the internet almost constantly,compared with 43%of thos

34、e in suburban communities and 32%of those in rural settings.Majority of adults under 30 say theyre online almost constantly%of U.S.adults who say they use the internet almost constantly *Estimates for Asian adults are representative of English speakers only.Note:White,Black and Asian adults include

35、those who report being only one race and are not Hispanic.Hispanic adults are of any race.Those who did not give an answer or who gave other responses are not shown.Source:Survey of U.S.adults conducted May 19-Sept.5,2023.“Americans Use of Mobile Technology and Home Broadband”PEW RESEARCH CENTER 413

36、74448686254321531425137363852484332U.S.adultsWhiteBlackHispanicAsian*Ages 18-2930-4950-6465+HS or lessSome collegeCollege+$30K$30K-$69,999$70K-$99,999$100K+UrbanSuburbanRuralHousehold income10 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Acknowledgments This report is a collaborative effort based on the

37、input and analysis of the following individuals.Find related reports online at pewresearch.org/internet.Primary researchers Risa Gelles-Watnick,Research Analyst Research team Monica Anderson,Director,Internet and Technology Research Jeffrey Gottfried,Associate Director,Research Emily A.Vogels,Resear

38、ch Associate Colleen McClain,Research Associate Michelle Faverio,Research Analyst Olivia Sidoti,Research Assistant Lee Rainie,Former Director,Internet and Technology Research Eugenie Park,Temporary Researcher Editorial and graphic design Kaitlyn Radde,Associate Information Graphics Designer Rebecca

39、Leppert,Copy Editor Communications and web publishing Haley Nolan,Communications Manager Sara Atske,Digital Producer In addition,the project benefited greatly from the guidance of Pew Research Centers methodology team:Courtney Kennedy,Andrew Mercer,Dorene Asare-Marfo,Ashley Amaya,Anna Brown,Arnold L

40、au and Dana Popky.11 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 2023 National Public Opinion Reference Survey(NPORS)Methodology Summary Ipsos conducted the National Public Opinion Reference Survey(NPORS)for Pew Research Center using address-based sampling and a multimode protocol.The survey was fielded

41、 from May 19 to Sept.5,2023.Participants were first mailed an invitation to complete an online survey.A paper survey was later mailed to those who did not respond.In total,2,217 respondents completed the survey online,and 3,516 respondents completed the paper survey(total n=5,733).The survey was adm

42、inistered in English and Spanish.The AAPOR Response Rate 1 was 31%.Sample definition The sample was drawn from the U.S.Postal Service Computerized Delivery Sequence File and was provided by MSG(Marketing Systems Group).Occupied residential addresses(including“drop points”)in all U.S.states(including

43、 Alaska and Hawaii)and the District of Columbia had a nonzero chance of selection.The draw was a national,stratified random sample,with differential probabilities of selection across the mutually exclusive strata.Ipsos designed the sample plan as shown in the table below.Stratum Race/Ethnicity%of sp

44、ecified race/ethnicity Education Total ABS households Total sampled households 1 Black,non-Hispanic 50%-74.99%Black,non-Hispanic 65%+HS or less 0.5%0.6%2 Black,non-Hispanic 50%-74.99%Black,non-Hispanic Remaining census block groups 3.3%4.0%3 Black,non-Hispanic 75%+Black,non-Hispanic 65%+HS or less 0

45、.4%0.6%4 Black,non-Hispanic 75%+Black,non-Hispanic Remaining census block groups 2.4%3.1%5 Hispanic 50%-74.99%Hispanic 65%+HS or less 1.2%5.6%6 Hispanic 50%-74.99%Hispanic Remaining census block groups 4.7%12.4%7 Hispanic 75%+Hispanic 65%+HS or less 2.0%5.8%8 Hispanic 75%+Hispanic Remaining census b

46、lock groups 1.8%3.9%9 All other Remaining census block groups 65%+HS or less 3.0%4.5%10 All other Remaining census block groups Remaining census block groups 80.8%59.3%100%12 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Mailing protocol Ipsos sent initial mailings in a 9-by-12-inch envelope via first-cla

47、ss mail to the 19,498 sampled households.These packets included two$1 bills and a letter asking a member of the household to complete an online survey using the website and password provided.If two or more adults were in the household,the letter asked the adult with the next birthday to complete the

48、 survey.Sampled households were later sent a reminder postcard and then a reminder letter via first-class mail.Ipsos sent nonresponding households with a deliverable address a 9-by-12-inch Priority Mail envelope.The Priority envelope contained a letter,a$5 bill,a paper version of the survey and a po

49、stage-paid return envelope.The paper survey was one 11-by-17-inch page folded booklet-style.The within-household selection instructions were identical to those used in the earlier online survey request.Nonresponding households were later sent a second envelope containing another copy of the paper qu

50、estionnaire by first-class mail.The initial mailing and the first mailing containing the paper version of the survey were each sent out in two separate launches:soft launch and full launch.The soft launch made up 5%of the sample at each point in the field period and was sent out several days earlier

51、 than the full launch.The full launch consisted of the remaining sample.Households in Hispanic-dominant census block groups received all materials in English and Spanish.All other households received materials in English only.Those who completed the survey online or returned the completed paper surv

52、ey were sent a$10 post-incentive.Questionnaire development and testing Pew Research Center developed the questionnaire in consultation with Ipsos.The online questionnaire was tested on both desktop and mobile devices.The test data was analyzed to ensure the logic and randomizations were working as i

53、ntended before the survey was launched.Weighting The survey was weighted to support reliable inference from the sample to the target population of U.S.adults.The weight was created using a multistep process that includes a base weight adjusting for differential probabilities of selection and a rakin

54、g calibration that aligns the survey with the population benchmarks.The process starts with the base weight,which accounted for the probability of selection of the address from the U.S.Postal Service Computerized Delivery Sequence File frame,as well as the number of adults living in the household.13

55、 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Then the base weights are calibrated to population benchmarks using raking,or iterative proportional fitting.The raking dimensions and the source for the population parameter estimates are reported in the table below.All raking targets are based on the nonins

56、titutionalized U.S.adult population(ages 18 and older).These weights are trimmed at about the 1st and 99th percentiles to reduce the loss in precision stemming from variance in the weights.Raking dimensions and source for population parameter estimates,NPORS 2023 Raking dimension*Source Age(5)2021 A

57、merican Community Survey Gender(2)x Age(3)2021 American Community Survey Gender(2)x Education(3)2021 American Community Survey Age(3)x Education(3)2021 American Community Survey Race/ethnicity(5)*2021 American Community Survey Education(3)x Race/ethnicity(4)*2021 American Community Survey Race/ethni

58、city(4)x Born inside or outside the U.S.(2)*2021 American Community Survey Census region(4)by metro status(2)2021 Current Population Survey ASEC March Supplement Voter registration(2)*2018 Current Population Survey Voting and Registration Supplement Phone type(3)x Education(3)*2022 National Health I

59、nterview Survey Phone type(3)x White/non-White(2)*2022 National Health Interview Survey Phone type(3)x Age(3)2022 National Health Interview Survey*Voter registration is calculated using procedures from Hur,Achen(2013)and rescaled to include the total U.S.adult population.*The standalone raking dimen

60、sion for race/ethnicity includes“Asian,non-Hispanic”as its own category,but this category is combined with“Other,non-Hispanic”when crossed with other dimensions.*Education is collapsed for the“Other,non-Hispanic”category.Born inside or outside the U.S.is crossed only among Hispanics.*Cellphone only,

61、landline only or both.Design effect and margin of error Weighting and survey design features that depart from simple random sampling tend to result in an increase in the variance of survey estimates.This increase,known as the design effect,or“deff,”should be incorporated into the margin of error,sta

62、ndard errors and tests of statistical significance.The overall design effect for a survey is commonly approximated as 1 plus the squared coefficient of variation of the weights.For this survey,the margin of error(half-width of the 95%confidence interval)incorporating the design effect for full sampl

63、e estimates at 50%is plus or minus 1.8 percentage points.Estimates based on subgroups will have larger margins of error.It is important to remember that random sampling error is only one possible source of error in a survey estimate.Other sources,such as question wording and reporting inaccuracy,may

64、 contribute additional error.14 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org A summary of the weights and their associated design effect is reported in the table below.Weight variable Completed interviews Approximate design effect Effective sample size Margin of error (95%confidence level)WEIGHT 5,733 1.

65、9 2,980 1.8 percentage points The following table shows the unweighted sample sizes and the error attributable to sampling that would be expected at the 95%level of confidence for different groups in the survey.Sample sizes and margins of error,NPORS 2023 Group Unweighted sample size Plus or minus T

66、otal sample 5,733 1.8 percentage points White,non-Hispanic 3,729 2.2 percentage points Black,non-Hispanic 528 5.7 percentage points Hispanic 941 4.8 percentage points Asian,non-Hispanic 244 8.5 percentage points Ages 18-29 546 5.3 percentage points 30-49 1,589 3.3 percentage points 50-64 1,591 3.3 p

67、ercentage points 65+1,914 2.8 percentage points High school or less 1,344 3.5 percentage points Some college 1,873 3.2 percentage points College grad+2,466 2.5 percentage points Household income$30K 1,068 4.3 percentage points$30K-$69,999 1,777 3.4 percentage points$70K-$99,999 894 4.5 percentage po

68、ints$100K+1,712 3.1 percentage points Urban 1,487 3.7 percentage points Suburban 2,718 2.6 percentage points Rural 1,449 3.5 percentage points PEW RESEARCH CENTER 15 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Sample sizes and sampling errors for other subgroups are available upon request.In addition to

69、 sampling error,one should bear in mind that question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls.A note about the Asian adult sample This survey includes a total sample size of 325 Asian adults.The sample primarily includes

70、 English-speaking Asian adults and,therefore,may not be representative of the overall Asian adult population.Despite this limitation,it is important to report the views of Asian adults on the topics in this study.As always,Asian adults responses are incorporated into the general population figures t

71、hroughout this report.16 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Dispositions The table below reports the disposition of all sampled households for the survey.Final dispositions and rates,NPORS 2023 Interview Code Cases Complete 1.10 5,733 Partial 1.20 89 Eligible,non-interview Refusal 2.11 21 Blank

72、 questionnaire returned 2.1131 51 Completed questionnaire,but not returned during field period 2.27 82 Unknown eligibility,non-interview Nothing returned or completed 3.199 12,246 Housing unit,unknown if eligible respondent 3.20 37 Not eligible Selected respondent screened out of sample 4.10 7 No su

73、ch address 4.313 1,232 Total sample used 19,498 Complete interviews(1.1)I 5,733 Partial interviews(1.2)P 89 Refusal and break off(2.1)R 72 Non-contact(2.2)NC 82 Other(2.3,2.9)O 0 Unknown household(3.1)UH 12,246 Unknown respondent eligibility(3.2,3.9)UO 37 Not eligible(4.1,4.313)NE 1,239 TOTAL 19,498

74、 AAPOR RR1=I/(I+P)+(R+NC+O)+(UH+UO)31%Pew Research Center 2024 17 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org 2023 PEW RESEARCH CENTER NPORS INTERNET TOPLINE MAY 19 SEPTEMBER 5,2023 N=5,733 NOTE:ALL NUMBERS ARE PERCENTAGES UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.THE PERCENTAGES LESS THAN 0.5%ARE REPLACED BY AN ASTERISK(

75、*).IF NO ONE ANSWERED THE QUESTION,THE CELL CONTAINS ZERO(0).A DOUBLE HYPHEN(-)INDICATES THAT THE RESPONSE OPTION WAS NOT PRESENT IN THAT SURVEY.ROWS/COLUMNS MAY NOT TOTAL 100%DUE TO ROUNDING.Sample size Margin of error at 95%confidence level U.S.adults 5,733+/-1.8 percentage points ASK ALL:EMINUSE

76、Do you use the internet or email,at least occasionally?ASK ALL:INTMOB Do you access the internet on a cell phone,tablet or other mobile handheld device,at least occasionally?2 Uses internet Does not use internet May 19-Sep 5,2023 95 5 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON:Uses internet Does not use internet Ja

77、n 2021 93 7 Feb 2019 90 10 Jan 2018 89 11 Nov 2016 90 10 May 2016 87 13 Apr 2016*86 14 Nov 2015 87 13 Jul 2015 87 13 Apr 2015*85 15 Sep 2013*86 14 Aug 2013 80 20 May 2013 85 15 Dec 2012 81 19 2 The definition of an internet user varies from survey to survey.Prior to January 2005,internet users were

78、defined as those who said“yes”to“Do you ever go online to access the Internet or World Wide Web or to send and receive email?”From January 2005 through February 2012,an internet user is someone who said“yes”to either“Do you use the internet,at least occasionally?”(INTUSE)OR“Do you send or receive em

79、ail,at least occasionally?”(EMLOCC).From April 2012 through December 2012,an internet user is someone said“yes”to any of three questions:INTUSE,EMLOCC or“Do you access the internet on a cell phone,tablet or other mobile handheld device,at least occasionally?”(INTMOB).In May 2013,half the sample was

80、asked INTUSE/EMLOCC/INTMOB and half was asked EMINUSE/INTMOB.Those May 2013 trend results are for both forms combined.Since then,anyone who responds“yes”to EMINUSE or INTMOB is considered an internet user.The surveys with an asterisk(*)originally included 16-and 17-year-olds in their samples,while a

81、ll other surveys were exclusively conducted among adults ages 18 and older.In some prior Pew Research Center publications,findings from the asterisked surveys included those under 18.In this table,results have been recalculated to only include adults ages 18 and older on all surveys to enable compar

82、isons.18 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Uses internet Does not use internet Nov 2012*85 15 Sep 2012 81 19 Aug 2012 85 15 Apr 2012 82 18 Feb 2012 80 20 Dec 2011*81 19 Aug 2011 78 22 May 2011 78 22 Jan 2011 79 21 Dec 2010 77 23 Nov 2010 74 26 Sep 2010 74 26 May 2010 79 21 Jan 2010 75 25 Dec 2

83、009 74 26 Sep 2009 77 23 Apr 2009 79 21 Dec 2008 74 26 Nov 2008 74 26 Aug 2008 75 25 Jul 2008 77 23 May 2008 73 27 Apr 2008 73 27 Jan 2008 70 30 Dec 2007 75 25 Sep 2007 73 27 Feb 2007 71 29 Dec 2006 70 30 Nov 2006 68 32 Aug 2006 70 30 Apr 2006 73 27 Feb 2006 73 27 Dec 2005 66 34 Sep 2005 72 28 Jun 2

84、005 68 32 Feb 2005 67 33 Jan 2005 66 34 Nov 2004 59 41 Nov 2004 61 39 Jul 2004 67 33 Jun 2004 63 37 Mar 2004 69 31 Feb 2004 63 37 Nov 2003 64 36 Aug 2003 63 37 Jun 2003 62 38 19 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Uses internet Does not use internet May 2003 63 37 Mar 2003 62 38 Feb 2003 64 36 D

85、ec 2002 57 43 Nov 2002 61 39 Oct 2002 59 41 Sep 2002 61 39 Jul 2002 59 41 Mar/May 2002 58 42 Jan 2002 61 39 Dec 2001 58 42 Nov 2001 58 42 Oct 2001 56 44 Sep 2001 55 45 Aug 2001 59 41 Feb 2001 53 47 Dec 2000 59 41 Nov 2000 53 47 Oct 2000 52 48 Sep 2000 50 50 Aug 2000 49 51 Jun 2000 47 53 May 2000 48

86、52 ASK IF INTERNET USER(EMINUSE=1 OR INTMOB=1)N=5,461:INTFREQ About how often do you use the internet?3 Almost constantly Several times a day About once a day Several times a week Less often No answer May 19-Sep 5,2023 43 45 6 3 2 1 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON:Almost constantly Several times a day Ab

87、out once a day Several times a week Less often(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Jan 2021 33 51 6 5 4*Feb 2019 31 49 10 5 4*Jan 2018 30 49 9 7 6*May 2016 25 50 11 7 6*Apr 2016*28 49 10 7 6*Jul 2015 24 49 11 7 8*1 3 The surveys with an asterisk(*)originally included 16-and 17-year-olds in their samples,w

88、hile all other surveys were exclusively conducted among adults ages 18 and older.In some prior Pew Research Center publications,findings from the asterisked surveys included those under 18.In this table,results have been recalculated to only include adults ages 18 and older on all surveys to enable

89、comparisons.20 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org INTFREQ BASED ON ALL ADULTS:Almost constantly Several times a day About once a day Several times a week Less often No answer to INTFREQ Not an internet user May 19-Sep 5,2023 41 43 5 3 2 1 5 ASK IF INTERNET USER(EMINUSE=1 OR INTMOB=1)N=5,461:HOM

90、E4NW2 Do you currently subscribe to internet service installed at your home(other than data plans on mobile devices)?Yes No No answer May 19-Sep 5,2023 89 10 1 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON4:Yes No(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Jan 2021 86 14*0 Feb 2019 84 16*0 Jan 2018 80 20*0 Jul 2015 84 16*0 HOME4NW

91、2 BASED ON ALL ADULTS:Yes No No answer to HOME4NW2 Not an internet user May 19-Sep 5,2023 85 10 1 5 ASK IF HOME INTERNET SUBSCRIBER(HOME4NW2=1)N=4,892:BBHOME Is the home internet service you subscribe to Dial-up5 High-speed broadband6 Other service TEXT BOX Not sure No answer May 19-Sep 5,2023 2 94*

92、4 1 4 For surveys conducted 2021 and earlier,the question wording was“Do you currently subscribe to internet service at HOME?”5 The dial-up response option wording was“Dial-up(over a landline phone connection).6 The high-speed home broadband response option wording was“High-speed broadband like cabl

93、e,fiber optic,wireless router,satellite,or DSL.”21 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON7:Dial-up Higher-speed broadband(VOL.)Both dial-up and higher-speed(VOL).Access net on cell or tablet only(VOL.)No home net access(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Jan 2021 2 91 3 1*4 0

94、Feb 2019 2 92 3*2*Jan 2018 3 90 2*5*Jul 2015 3 91 1*1 4*SUMMARY OF HOME BROADBAND BASED ON HOME INTERNET SUBSCRIBERS(HOME4NW2=1)N=4,8928:Home broadband users No home broadband May 19-Sep 5,2023 94 6 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON:Home broadband users No home broadband Jan 2021 94 6 Feb 2019 94 6 Jan 201

95、8 91 9 Jul 2015 92 8 SUMMARY OF HOME BROADBAND BASED ON ALL ADULTS9:Home broadband users No home broadband May 19-Sep 5,2023 80 20 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON:Home broadband users No home broadband Jan 2021 77 23 Feb 2019 73 27 Jan 2018 65 35 Jul 2015 67 33 ASK IF INTERNET USER(EMINUSE=1 OR INTMOB=1)

96、N=5,461:SMUSE Please indicate whether or not you ever use the following websites or apps.RANDOMIZE AND SPLIT ACROSS TWO SCREENS 10 The company changed its name to X while our May 19-Sept.5,2023,survey was in the field.Yes,use this No,dont use this No answer a.Facebook May 19-Sep 5,2023 71 27 1 b.You

97、Tube May 19-Sep 5,2023 87 12 1 c.Twitter10 May 19-Sep 5,2023 23 74 3 22 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON11:Yes,use this No,dont use this(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Use Facebook12 Jan 2021 73 27*Feb 2019 75 25 0 0 Jan 2018 76 24*Apr 2016*79 21 0 0 Apr 2015*72 28 0

98、 0 Sep 2014 71 28 0 0 Sep 2013 71 29*0 8 Home broadband users are defined as those who said they have high-speed broadband.Those defined as not having home broadband gave any other answer,including not sure or refusing the question.9 Home broadband users are defined as those who said they have high-

99、speed broadband.Those defined as not having home broadband gave any other answer,including not sure or refusing the question.10 The company changed its name to X while our May 19-Sept.5,2023,survey was in the field.11 Wording in January 2021 was“Please tell me if you ever use any of the following.Do

100、 you ever use.INSERT ITEMS;RANDOMIZE ITEMS a-e FIRST AS A BLOCK,THEN RANDOMIZE ITEMS f-k AS A BLOCK?”Wording in February 2019 was“Please tell me if you ever use any of the following social media sites.Do you ever use.INSERT ITEMS;RANDOMIZE?”For January 2018,it was“Please tell me if you ever use any

101、of the following social media sites online or on your cell phone.Do you ever use.INSERT ITEMS;RANDOMIZE?”May 2013 wording was“Do you ever use the internet to INSERT ITEM;RANDOMIZE?”For August and December 2012,as well as September 2013 through September 2014,the wording was“Please tell me if you eve

102、r use the internet to do any of the following things.Do you ever INSERT ITEM;RANDOMIZE?”For April 2015 through April 2016,the question wording was“Please tell me if you ever use the internet or a mobile app to do any of the following things.Do you ever use the internet or a mobile app to.INSERT ITEM

103、;RANDOMIZE?”The surveys with an asterisk(*)originally included 16-and 17-year-olds in their samples,while all other surveys were exclusively conducted among adults ages 18 and older.In some prior Pew Research Center publications,findings from the asterisked surveys included those under 18.In this ta

104、ble,results have been recalculated to only include adults ages 18 and older on all surveys to enable comparisons.12 Dec.13-16,2012,trend was asked of all internet users as a standalone question:Do you ever use Facebook?Yes,use this No,dont use this No answer d.Instagram May 19-Sep 5,2023 49 49 2 e.S

105、napchat May 19-Sep 5,2023 28 69 3 f.WhatsApp May 19-Sep 5,2023 31 67 2 g.LinkedIn May 19-Sep 5,2023 31 66 3 h.Pinterest May 19-Sep 5,2023 36 61 2 i.TikTok May 19-Sep 5,2023 34 63 2 j.BeReal May 19-Sep 5,2023 4 93 3 k.Reddit May 19-Sep 5,2023 23 74 3 23 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Yes,use

106、 this No,dont use this(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Use Facebook(cont.)Dec 2012 67 33*0 Aug 2012 66 34 1 0 Use YouTube Jan 2021 86 14 0*Feb 2019 79 20*0 Jan 2018 81 18*Use Twitter Jan 2021 25 75*Feb 2019 24 76 0 0 Jan 2018 27 73*Apr 2016*24 75 0*Apr 2015*23 77 0 0 Sep 2014 23 77*0 Sep 2013 18 82*0

107、May 2013 18 82*Dec 2012 16 84*Aug 2012 16 84*0 Use Instagram Jan 2021 43 57*Feb 2019 41 59*0 Jan 2018 39 61*Apr 2016*32 67*Apr 2015*27 72*0 Sep 2014 26 74 0 0 Sep 2013 17 82*0 Dec 2012 13 87*0 Aug 2012 12 88 1 0 Use Snapchat Jan 2021 27 73 0*Feb 2019 26 74*0 Jan 2018 30 70*Use WhatsApp Jan 2021 24 7

108、5*Feb 2019 21 78 1 0 Jan 2018 24 75*Use LinkedIn Jan 2021 30 69 1*Feb 2019 29 71*0 Jan 2018 28 71 1*Apr 2016*29 70 1 0 Apr 2015*26 73 1 0 Sep 2014 28 72*0 Sep 2013 22 77 1*Aug 2012 20 79 1*24 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Yes,use this No,dont use this(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Use Pint

109、erest Jan 2021 33 67*Feb 2019 31 68*Jan 2018 32 67*Apr 2016*31 69*0 Apr 2015*31 68 1*Sep 2014 28 72*0 Sept 2013 21 77 2*Dec 2012 15 83 2 0 Aug 2012 12 87 1*Use TikTok Jan 2021 23 77 0*Use Reddit Jan 2021 19 81*Feb 2019 12 87 1 0 25 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org SMUSE BASED ON ALL ADULTS:Ye

110、s,use this No,dont use this No answer Not an internet user a.Facebook May 19-Sep 5,2023 68 26 1 5 b.YouTube May 19-Sep 5,2023 83 12 1 5 c.Twitter May 19-Sep 5,2023 22 70 3 5 d.Instagram May 19-Sep 5,2023 47 46 2 5 e.Snapchat May 19-Sep 5,2023 27 66 2 5 f.WhatsApp May 19-Sep 5,2023 29 64 2 5 g.Linked

111、In May 19-Sep 5,2023 30 63 3 5 h.Pinterest May 19-Sep 5,2023 35 58 2 5 i.TikTok May 19-Sep 5,2023 33 60 2 5 j.BeReal May 19-Sep 5,2023 3 89 3 5 k.Reddit May 19-Sep 5,2023 22 70 3 5 26 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org ASK ALL:DEVICE1a Do you have a cell phone?Yes,have a cell phone No,do not ha

112、ve a cell phone No answer May 19-Sep 5,2023 97 2 1 PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON13:Yes No(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Jan 2021 97 3 0 0 Feb 2019 96 4 0 0 Jan 2018 95 5 0 0 Nov 2016 95 5 0 0 May 2016 92 8 0 0 Apr 2016*92 8 0 0 Nov 2015 91 9 0 0 Jul 2015 92 8*Apr 2015*92 8*0 Sep 2013*91 9 0 0 Aug 2013

113、89 11 0 0 May 2013 91 9 0*Dec 2012 87 13*0 Nov 2012*84 16 0*Sep 2012 85 15*0 Aug 2012 89 10 0*Apr 2012 88 12*Feb 2012 88 12 0*Dec 2011*87 13 0*Aug 2011 84 15*May 2011 83 17*0 Jan 2011 84 16*Dec 2010 81 19*Nov 2010 82 18 0*Sep 2010 85 15*May 2010 82 18*0 Jan 2010 80 20 0*Dec 2009 83 17 0*Sep 2009 84

114、15*Apr 2009 85 15*Dec 2008 84 16*Jul 2008 82 18*-May 2008 78 22*0 Apr 2008 78 22*-13 This question was asked of landline sample only.Results shown here have been recalculated to include cell phone sample in the“Yes”percentage.Beginning September 2007,the question/item was not asked of the cell phone

115、 sample,but trend results shown here reflect Total combined landline and cell phone sample.In past polls,the question was sometimes asked as an independent question and sometimes as an item in a series.Wording may vary from survey to survey.Wording variations include:“Do you have a cell phone or a B

116、lackberry or iPhone or other device that is also a cell phone?”;“Do you have.a cell phone or a Blackberry or iPhone or other handheld device that is also a cell phone?”;Do you have a cell phone,or a Blackberry or other device that is also a cell phone?”;“Do you happen to have a cell phone?”;“Do you

117、have a cell phone?”;“Next,do you have a cell phone,or not?”The surveys with an asterisk(*)originally included 16-and 17-year-olds in their samples,while all other surveys were exclusively conducted among adults ages 18 and older.In some prior Pew Research Center publications,findings from the asteri

118、sked surveys included those under 18.In this table,results have been recalculated to only include adults ages 18 and older on all surveys to enable comparisons.27 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org Jan 2008 77 22*-Dec 2007 75 25*-Sep 2007 78 22*-Apr 2006 73 27*-Jan 2005 66 34*-ASK IF CELL PHONE

119、 OWNER(DEVICE1a=1)N=5,558:SMART2 Is your cell phone a smartphone?Yes,smartphone No,not a smartphone No answer May 19-Sep 5,2023 93 7*PHONE TREND FOR COMPARISON14:Yes,smartphone No,not a smartphone(VOL.)Dont know(VOL.)No answer Jan 2021 87 12 1*Feb 2019 84 15 1 0 Jan 2018 82 17 1*Nov 2016 81 16 3*May

120、 2016 76 17 7 0 Apr 2016*78 16 6*Nov 2015 76 17 7*Jul 2015 73 20 7*Apr 2015*73 22 5*Sep 2013*60 33 7*Aug 2013 60 33 6*May 2013 55 39 5*Dec 2012 52 41 6*Nov 2012*55 39 6*Sep 2012 53 40 6*Apr 2012 46 44 10*Feb 2012 45 46 8*May 2011 33 53 14*14 The surveys with an asterisk(*)originally included 16-and

121、17-year-olds in their samples,while all other surveys were exclusively conducted among adults ages 18 and older.In some prior Pew Research Center publications,findings from the asterisked surveys included those under 18.In this table,results have been recalculated to only include adults ages 18 and older on all surveys to enable comparisons.28 PEW RESEARCH CENTER www.pewresearch.org SMART2 BASED ON ALL ADULTS:Yes,smartphone No,not a smartphone No answer to SMART2 No cell phone No answer to DEVICE1a May 19-Sep 5,2023 90 7*2 1