改進遠程辦公在基于活動的出行模型中的表示.pdf

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1、Improving the Representation of Telecommuting in Improving the Representation of Telecommuting in ActivityActivity-Based Travel ModelsBased Travel ModelsSijia Wang,WSPProject Team Rebekah Straub,Ohio DOT Zhuojun Jiang,Ohio DOT David Ory,WSP Greg Giaimo,WSPConference on Innovations in Travel Analysis

2、 and Planning1Agenda Desired Telecommuting Features Ohio“3C”Model Improvements Ohio“3C”Model Results Potential Areas for Future DevelopmentConference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and Planning21.Desired Telecommuting FeaturesConference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and Planning3Conference on

3、 Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningWhy do we need to model telecommuting Project planning and design Long Range Transportation Plan Economic analysis Infrastructure investment Air quality conformity Equity analysis4Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningSetting the stage-d

4、efinitions5WorkersBased-At-Home WorkersNot Based-At-Home WorkersWorkingTaking a day offWorkingTaking a day offCommutingTelecommutingDaily ChoicesLong-term ChoicesConference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningDecision making points of a workerWhere is my usual workplace?How often do I comm

5、ute vs.telecommute?Am I telecommuting today?In addition to work,any other activities Id like to do today?Where and when am I doing todays activities?How do I get to my activities?6Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningDecision making points of a workerExisting activity-based model

6、s all:Simulate some of these decision points Chain the decision-making points differently“Simulation Day”ChoicesLong-term Choices7Where is my usual workplace?How often do I commute vs.telecommute?Am I telecommuting today?In addition to work,any other activities Id like to do today?Where and when am

7、I doing todays activities?How do I get to my activities?Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningWhoWhatWhenWhereWhyDesired model features of telecommutingTelecommuters should be explicitly identified in the model simulation.Time spent working at home should be identified as such,i.e

8、.,a work activity.Time spent telecommuting at home should be explicit,i.e.,scheduled.Telecommuters should have an out-of-home work location,i.e.,we know where they are not traveling to.Telecommuters occupations and industries should align with ability of those types of jobs to telecommute;commute im

9、pedance should influence telecommuting choice.82.Ohio“3C”Model ImprovementsConference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and Planning9Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningWhoWhatWhenWhereWhyModel features of telecommutingTelecommuters should be explicitly identified in the model s

10、imulation.Telecommuters occupations and industries should align with ability of those types of jobs to telecommute;commute impedance should influence telecommuting choice.Other ABMs(CT-RAMP,)Ohio ABM(CT-RAMP 2)10Time spent working at home should be identified as such,i.e.,a work activity.Time spent

11、telecommuting at home should be explicit,i.e.,scheduled.Telecommuters should have an out-of-home work location,i.e.,we know where they are not traveling to.Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningFundamental differences between the Ohio ABM and the other ABMs on telecommuting11Trave

12、l GenerationFocus on out-of-home toursFor Telecommuters What?Should have fewer tours to out-of-home workplace How?Make them not working in the simulation;More days telecommuting leads to higher propensity for not working Shortcoming?Telecommuters cannot be identified in the simulation;they are the s

13、ame as workers taking the day offFocus on activities and their locationsWhat?Should have fewer tours to out-of-home workplaceHow?They are working,their work location in the simulation is home;Telecommuters are explicitly identifiedWhy better?Telecommuters are working,they follow work scheduleOther A

14、BMs(CT-RAMP,)Ohio ABM(CT-RAMP 2)Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningWhoWhatWhenWhereWhyModel features of telecommutingTelecommuters should be explicitly identified in the model simulation.Time spent working at home should be identified as such,i.e.,a work activity.Time spent tel

15、ecommuting at home should be explicit,i.e.,scheduled.Telecommuters should have an out-of-home work location,i.e.,we know where they are not traveling to.Telecommuters occupations and industries should align with ability of those types of jobs to telecommute;commute impedance should influence telecom

16、muting choice.Other ABMs(CT-RAMP,)Ohio ABM(CT-RAMP 2)12The first time a practical ABM includes an explicit representation of telecommuters engaged in working while at home3.Ohio“3C”Model ResultsConference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and Planning13Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis an

17、d PlanningOhio model explicitly identifies the telecommuters on the simulation day and profile telecommuters by,e.g.,industry typeWhoWhyWe can calculate the telecommute rate based on the number of workers telecommuting on the simulation day 14Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and Planning

18、By identifying telecommuters on the simulation day,we know where they are not traveling to WhyWhereTelecommuters out-of-home workplace is farther than commuters15Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningOhio model generates telecommuters other non-work activities WhereTelecommuters t

19、rips are shorter than commuters16Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningOhio model enables detailed VMT saving analysis from telecommutingWho17Telecommuters have lower VMT compared to CommutersConference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningOhio model honors telecommuters

20、work activities and schedules WhatOne step closer to true Activity-Based modelingWhen18Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningOhio model schedules a“departure”time for telecommuters work activityWhen19Telecommuters stick to their normal work schedulesConference on Innovations in Tr

21、avel Analysis and PlanningOhio model respects telecommuters work schedule,as they cannot engage in other activities as freely as workers taking a day offWhen20Telecommuters stick to their normal work schedulesConference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningAn example itinerary of a telecomm

22、uter in the Ohio modelWhoWhatWhenWhereWhyOhio ABMActivityStart TimeEnd TimeLocationMode-3:00 am7:36 amHome-Travel7:36 am7:46 am-Driver Shared Ride 2Escort Child7:46 am7:48 amSchool-Travel7:48 am8:02 am-Drive AloneWork8:02 am11:07 amHome-Travel11:07 am11:11 am-Drive AloneShopping11:11 am11:43 amShop-

23、Travel11:43 am11:48 am-Drive AloneWork11:48 am4:22 pmHome-Travel4:22 pm4:33 pm-Drive AlonePickup Child4:33 pm4:37 pmSchool-Travel4:37 pm4:40 pm-Driver Shared Ride 2-4:40 pm3:00 amHome-21Telecommuters are allowed to make stops on the work tours to their home work places Conference on Innovations in T

24、ravel Analysis and PlanningThe model has a telecommute constant,which can be adjusted for higher telecommute rate By changing the constant,we can create a scenario with higher telecommute rate and predict how different industries respond to telecommuting changes 224.Potential Areas for Future Develo

25、pmentConference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and Planning24Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningPotential areas for future development Auto-calibrate the telecommute constants to reach a pre-defined telecommute rate Re-estimate sub-models with new surveys that have detailed

26、telecommuting questions A first best solution would be a broader move to a truer“activity-based”formulation than those currently used in practice.Such an approach would first create a work activity and then locate the work activity(either at home or at the usual workplace)More effortLess effort25Con

27、ference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and Planning5.Thank You!26Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningAppendix27Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and PlanningOther ABMs(CT-RAMP,)Ohio ABM(CT-RAMP 2)Is this worker a Base-At-Home Worker?Yes or No for each worker.If yes

28、,then there will be no out-of-home workplace location for this worker.SameThe out-of-home workplace locationSimulates the location for non-BAH workersSameHow many days does the worker telecommutes in a week1,2,3,4,daysOccupations and industries impacts the propensity to telecommute;Commute impedance

29、 should influence telecommuting choice.SameOhio ABM and the other ABMs have similar representation of“Where”and“why”Workplace Location ChoiceTelecommute FrequencyLong-Term ChoicesWork From Home PermanentlyABM Model Steps(*showing just relevant ones)28Conference on Innovations in Travel Analysis and

30、PlanningOther ABMs(CT-RAMP,)Ohio ABM(CT-RAMP 2)Fundamental difference Simulates out-of-home tours directly Ignores activities happen at home or virtually No time-space constraint No schedule intelligence Simulates activities,then forms tours from activities Has time-space constraint Has schedule int

31、elligence,e.g.,can cancel activities if not able to accommodate the scheduleOn the simulation day,the persons CDAP pattern are one of:M,N,HM=has Mandatory tourN=only has Non-mandatory tourH=has No tour Workers with higher telecommute frequency are more likely to be N or HM=has Mandatory activityN=on

32、ly has Non-mandatory activityH=has No Activity Workers with more days working are more likely to be MExplicitly Identifies TelecommutersNoYes.Based on CDAP and the frequency of commuting and telecommuting.Assert the work location on the simulation day to be home locationHow tours and trips are gener

33、ated Generates out-of-home mandatory tours Generates out-of-home non-mandtours Insert stops onto tours Generate activities(mand,non-mand)Form tours and/or subtours from all activitiesOhio ABM improves telecommuting representation of“Who”,“What”,and“When”Coordinated Daily Activity PatternExplicit TelecommutingDownstream ModelsSimulation Day ChoicesABM Model Steps Continued(*showing just relevant ones)29