基于ARM平臺的Xenomai實時操作系統在壓力條件下的穩定性優化研究.pdf

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1、Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23基于基于 ARM 平臺的平臺的 Xenomai 實時操作系統在壓力條件下的穩實時操作系統在壓力條件下的穩定性優化研究定性優化研究Stability Optimization of the Xenomai Real-Time Operating System on ARM Platforms Under Stress ConditionsAgendaReal-time Applications in Siemens01What is real-time?02Page 2Unrestricted

2、|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23Real-time Operating Systems in general 03Xenomai in particular04Research higher latencies but still correct behavior0501 Real-time Applications in Siemens Page 3Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-2301 Real-time Applications in SiemensPage 4Unres

3、tricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23Programmable Logic Controllers(PLC)Media-voltage Relay ProtectionImportance of Real-Time Systems in Siemens PLCs:Timely Response:Real-time systems ensure that the PLC can process and respond to external events,such as sensor signals and control commands

4、,within a specified time frame.High Precision Control:By using precise scheduling and priority control,real-time systems ensure that the PLC can execute high-precision control tasks.System Stability:With real-time operating systems,Siemens PLCs can ensure stable operation in complex and dynamic envi

5、ronments,avoiding system crashes caused by delays or errors.In Siemens medium-voltage relay protection,the role of real-time systems is critical,especially in the protection,fault detection,and rapid response of electrical systems.Timely Response and Fault IsolationHigh Reliability and Fault Toleran

6、ceData Acquisition and MonitoringFault Diagnosis and Optimization02 What is real-time?Page 5Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23Real-time systems can be divided into two categories:Hard Real-time:Missing a deadline in hard real-time systems can result in catastrophic failure(e.g.,lif

7、e-support systems,flight control).Soft Real-time:Missing a deadline may degrade system performance but doesnt necessarily cause failure(e.g.,video streaming,online gaming).02 What is Real-time?A DefinitionPage 6Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23In a Real-Time System the correctness

8、 of the system behavior depends not only the logical results of the computations,but also on the physical instant at which these results are produced.Physical instant refers to an extremely short period of time in which a physical event occurs or a state is observed.Real-time does not necessarily eq

9、uate to high speed or high performance.Instead,it is about time precision the ability of a system to respond and execute tasks within a strictly defined time frame,meeting deadlines with accuracy.02 Run Tasks from Non-Real-time to Real-time?Physics from Newton to EinsteinPage 7Unrestricted|Siemens 2

10、024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23pure computational correctnessAdherence to expected operating times in terms of timing and reaction timesMatter,time and space are not related.Matter,time and space are related.Non-Real-timeReal-time02 Why Tasks Runs on Operating System?Page 8Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|G

11、uang Feng Wang|2024-11-23The main purpose of introducing the operating system is to enable programs to be executed concurrently and to describe the dynamic execution process of the program.Life is so short,do more meaningful things.Non-Real-time Operating SystemReal-time Operating SystemVXWorksBy Wi

12、nd RiverXenomaiOpen SourceWindowsBy MicrosoftLinux Open Source03 Real-time Operating Systems in GeneralPage 9Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-2303 Real-time Operating System(RTOS)A DefinitionPage 10Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23RTOS are specialized operating sy

13、stems designed to process data and respond to inputs within strict time constraints,making them crucial for applications where timing is critical.Real-time operating systems are event-driven and preemptive,meaning the OS can monitor the relevant priority of competing tasks,and make changes to the ta

14、sk priority.Event-driven systems switch between tasks based on their priorities,while time-sharing systems switch the task based on clock interrupts.03 How to Develop a Real-Time Operating SystemPage 11Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23Newtonian mechanical vs Einsteins Theory of Re

15、lativity The theory of relativity mainly explains that it is applied in physical scenarios at high speed or in microscopic environments.In our daily lives,there are very few scenarios where the theory of relativity can be used.In fact,Newtons classical mechanics still plays a role.Whether it is arch

16、itecture,mechanics,optics or other fields,the basic formulas of Newtonian mechanics are used.Real-time OSNon-Real-time OSFrom the perspective of functions and application scenarios,Non-Real-Time Operating Systems(Non-RTOS)mainly serve the IT(information technology)field,while Real-Time Operating Sys

17、tems(RTOS)used more in the OT(Operational Technology)field.IT actually has more business than OT.Real-time Linux,such as Xenomai,is becoming a key technology for delivering OT-level real-time capabilities in traditional IT environments.IT vs OT04 Xenomai in ParticularPage 12Unrestricted|Siemens 2024

18、|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23Real-time capability is indeed a systemic issue that requires comprehensive consideration from three aspects:hardware,operating system,and application.This comprehensiveness ensures that the entire system can meet strict time constraints and maintain stability and reliabil

19、ity in actual operation.History/facts:License:GPLv2(kernel space),LGPL V2.1 for librariesCurrent lead maintainer Jan Kiszka(Siemens Technology)Operating system:Xenomai is a real-time development framework that enhances the Linux kernel by providing a dual-kernel architecture Hardware Compatibility:X

20、enomai supports various architectures,including ARM(e.g.,Raspberry Pi)and X86.Jitter for(Applications):Designed for applications requiring consistent task execution,Xenomai significantly reduces jitter compared to standard Linux.05 Research higher latencies but still correct behaviorPage 13Unrestric

21、ted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-2305 DemoPage 14Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-2305 Media-voltage Relay ProtectionPage 15Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23A few years ago,we investigated using Xenomai to replace VxWorks,which could reduce costs,enhance c

22、ustomization capabilities,or take advantage of the open-source ecosystem.Low Power Consumption:ARM processors are renowned for their high energy efficiency,with power consumption much lower than that of x86.This is especially important for medium-voltage protection devices,as these devices typically operate in unmanned substations or distribution network environments,where low power consumption reduces operating costs and minimizes the need for cooling systems.Questions Page 16Unrestricted|Siemens 2024|Guang Feng Wang|2024-11-23Thank you!Any questions?