未來可持續航空面臨的挑戰.pdf

1、Challenges for Future Sustainable AviationCopyright 2024 IHI Corporation All Rights Reserved.September 5th,2024Aero engine,Space&Defense Business AreaDai KatoGPPS Chania 24Panel:Sustainable Aviation IHI strives to“Create a World where Nature and Technology Work in Unity”Copyright 2024 IHI Corporatio

2、n All Rights Reserved.Boilers,Gas Turbine Diesel&Gas Engines,Processing Plants,Nuclear EnergycomponentsJet engines,Rocket systems,Space-related equipment,Defense equipment systemMaterials Handling System,Parking Systems,Heat treatment and surface engineering,Vehicular turbochargers,Compressors and s

3、eparatorsBridges,Water Gates,Shields,Urban Development,Transportation Systems GE4 Business DomainsIndustrial Systems and General-purpose MachineryAero-engine,Space and DefenseSocialInfrastructureJAXAResourcesEnergy and Environment Business Domains of IHI Group2 Achieving Carbon Net Zero by 2050 face

4、s challenge even with the most aggressive scenario Technologies must be developed to attain minimum fuel(energy)usage in every segment Technologies should be developed to be offered for projected fuel portfolio beyond 2050 Long term goal and scenarios for Carbon Net Zero in AviationCopyright 2024 IH

5、I Corporation All Rights Reserved.Source:ICAO LTAG Report（https:/www.icao.int/environmental-protection/LTAG/Pages/LTAGreport.aspx)ICAO LTAG(Long Term Aspirational Goal)Integrated scenario 3:low readiness/attainability and high aspirationTechnologyOperationFuelsCarbon offsetBiomassGaseous wasteCO2 Ca

6、ptureHydrogen20503 Contrail cirrus has 50%higher global warming effect(ERF)than CO2,with large uncertainty Continued efforts to understand physics is essentialClimate Impact of Aviation Non-CO2 EffectCopyright 2024 IHI Corporation All Rights Reserved.Contrail/AIC57.4(17-98)mW/m2CO234.3(28-40)mW/m2Ne

7、t aviation100.9(55-145)mW/m2Contrail/AIC57.4(17-98)mW/m2CO234.3(28-40)mW/m2Net aviation100.9(55-145)mW/m2Source:Lee,et al,2021,Atmospheric Environment,244,1178344Transition of Propulsion and Fuel towards Carbon Net Zero:IHIs viewCopyright 2024 IHI Corporation All Rights Reserved.5Beyond 2050Before 2

8、0502030sCurrentAircraft Type（PAX）=All ElectricTurboprop(TP)Commuter(=TP/Motor HybridTF w/Rev.CycleH2 FCTurbopropTurbofan(TF)Regional(20-80)TF w/Electrification,Rev.CycleH2 FC=H2 FCTF w/ElectrificationTurbofanNarrow BodyShort Range(81-165)TF w/Electrification,Rev.Cycle=TF w/ElectrificationTurbofanNar

9、row BodyMedium Range(166-250)=TF w/ElectrificationTF w/Rev.Cycle(SAF)=TurbofanWide BodyLong Range(250)Beyond 2050Before 20502030sCurrentFuelLimited airports to have facilities for RegionalsUnder discussionHydrogen facilities at airportsPtL production to startHEFA production startedPtL under developm

10、ent SAF ProductionScalability for larger aircraftWell to wake energy efficiency SAF vs H2Regionals become technology development platformPerformance Improvement of GTRev.cycle to be applied to Regionals firstElectrification:Hybrid GT plus electrification of Aircraft systemRevolutionary Cycle:Interco

11、oling,Regeneration,Usage of H2 and/or XFocus on key technologies for multi pathway considerations,utilizing competence from in and out of sector domains and from collaborators.Continued improvement for more fuel-efficient Gas Turbines Continued improvements in aerodynamics Material development for l

12、ight weight and high temperature Electrification Key component development for hybridization of GT and more electrified aircraft system Integration of MEAAP(More Electric Architecture for Aircraft and Propulsion)consortium in Japan Hydrogen Utilization of LH2 technologies from space development with

13、 other competence within IHI group for future H2 aircraft H2 FC development for future electric aircraft SAF Technology development for PtL production that could be offered for future scale up Climate ModelingIHIs Efforts and Strategies towards Sustainable Aviation Copyright 2024 IHI Corporation All

14、 Rights Reserved.6 Low pressure ratio fan offers high propulsive efficiency through ultra high bypass ratio Aerodynamic,aeroelastic and aero-acoustic technologies are being sought to Extend laminar flow on blade surfaces for enhanced performance Understand and mitigate stall flutter and non-synchron

15、ous vibrations Reduce fan related noise,and Apply short inlet design for reduced nacelle dragMore Efficient Gas Turbine Engines Aerodynamics for Propulsive EfficiencyCopyright 2024 IHI Corporation All Rights Reserved.Low pressure ratio fan rig at JAXAStableUnstable(NSV)Flow mechanism leading to NSV

16、in LPR Fan(Tateishi,et al,GPPS-TC-2023-0272)Small-scale intake-fan model with cross wind and measured total pressure at inlet,JAXA,GTSJ Oct,2023.Flow separation at lip,CFD,Tokyo Univ.Science,AIAA Aviation Forum 2024Understanding impact of X-wind for different intake design7 Investment in aerodynamic

17、 and cooling technologies to enable more efficient core components Advanced HPT developed under collaboration with JAXA in En-Core Project New airfoil designs for reduced profile loss,secondary/tip-leakage loss and mixing loss New cooling designs for more cooling effectiveness and reduced impact on

18、main flow Validated at JAXA 6MW,TRL5 test facility commissioned in 2021(1)More Efficient Gas Turbine Engines Aerodynamics for Thermal EfficiencyCopyright 2024 IHI Corporation All Rights Reserved.LE impingement cooling(2)Profiled trailing edgeAdvanced HPT blade developmentHPT stage aerodynamic rig wi

19、th relevant flow features(3)Profiled TEBaseline TEAdvanced film coolingRadial distribution at rotor exit(Tin Tex)/TinFlow angleMach%Span2ndary2ndaryMainTestCFD(Tin Tex)/TinMachNozzle wakeNozzle wakeMeasured flow field at rotor exit(1)Okita,et al,ASME GT2021-58806,(2)Nita,et al,ASME GT2024-127420,(3)

20、Tanimitsu,et al,2023,IHI Gihou,Vol.61,No.38 As a starting point to apply CMC on real GT engine parts,turbine shrouds are chosen for target Material systems are developed for 1400degC(2552 F),with extensive fatigue tests and strength tests Thermal cycle fatigue tests of shroud parts performed using b

21、urner test rig Demonstrated using JAXA F7 Turbofan engineMaterial Technologies for More Efficient Gas Turbine Engines CMCCopyright 2024 IHI Corporation All Rights Reserved.(1)Watanabe,et al,ASME 2024-GT124241(2)Watanabe,et al,IHI Engineering Review,Vol.56,No.2Burner rig test of CMC shroud(1)Demonstr

22、ation of CMC shroud on JAXA F7 Turbofan Engines(2)CMC Shrouds developed on consignment from NEDOJAXA F7 Engine Test conducted jointly with JAXA subsidized by NEDO9 IHI has been awarded NEDO(1)s Green Innovation Fund in April 2024 for the companys electrification initiative for Next-Generation Aircra

23、ft Development.The initiative spans seven years ending in FY2030 Megawatt-class generators and Worlds most powerful aircraft electric turbo compressor are among the key core technologies for hybrid propulsion and thermal&air management system for airframeElectrification-Hybridization of GT and More

24、Electrification of Aircraft SystemCopyright 2024 IHI Corporation All Rights Reserved.IHI Press Release:https:/www.ihi.co.jp/en/all_news/2024/aeroengine_space_defense/1200752_13697.htmlPrototype of megawatt-class engine-embedded electric machine for use in initiativeSource:NEDO-adopted business summa

25、ry1:New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization10 Combination of composite technology and space technology together with automotive technology produces LH2 related components and systems for future hydrogen aircraftHydrogen Technology DevelopmentCopyright 2024 IHI Corporation All R

26、ights Reserved.ReferenceN.Azuma,et.al.,“Development Status of LE-9 Engine Turbopumps”,53rd AIAA/SAE/ASME/ASEE Joint PropulsionConference(2017.7)Composite TechnologyTurbopump for LE-9 engine(for H3 Rocket)Future Hydrogen AircraftLH2 TankFlight demonstration of regenerative fuel cell Source:IHI Giho V

27、ol.54 No.1 2014LE9 FTP rotorIHI Engineering Review Vol.51 No.2 2018FTPAutomobile Turbocharger TechnologyIHI Demonstrates Worlds Highest-Capacity Hydrogen Recirculation System for Aircraft Fuel Cells,Delivering Compactness and High Durability|2023FY|News Articles|IHI CorporationHydrogen Recirculation

28、 System for FChttps:/www.aero.jaxa.jp/news/event/pdf/sympo181003/poster11.pdf11 IHI and ISCE2(1)have developed a novel catalyst for SAF synthesis in 2022,confirming world-class carbon yield performance in lab tests A new test rig(2)to verify the process of synthesizing liquid hydrocarbons,ultimately

29、 converted to SAF,from CO2 and hydrogen will be installed on the ISCE2campus within 2024 An injection rate of 100 kg CO2 per day is scheduled to startSAF Development(Power-to-liquid)Copyright 2024 IHI Corporation All Rights Reserved.IHI Press Release:https:/www.ihi.co.jp/en/all_news/2024/technology/

30、1200869_13699.html(1)Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals,Energy and Environment.Based in Singapore,the institute advances R&D in areas such as low-carbon technologies,carbon life cycle assessment,sustainable materials and green manufacturing processes using the latest digitalization and automa

31、tion tools.(2)Rough dimensions of the bench scale test facility:5.7 m wide,3.5 m deep,and 4.4 m high12 IHI is collaborating with JAMSTEC(1)to develop more precise model for simulating contrails by leveraging NICAM(2),a high-resolution Global Cloud Resolving Model developed in Japan By teaming with J

32、AXA,Japanese universities,as well as research institutions overseas,our research aims to contribute to better understanding of contrail formation and impact,especially in east Asia Climate ModelingCopyright 2024 IHI Corporation All Rights Reserved.Icosahedral mesh for NICAM(Seiki,et al,2022)Cloud re

33、solving simulation by NICAM(Miyamoto,et al,2013)Humidity field and clouds can more precisely be resolved1:Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology2:Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model13Contrail outbreak extracted from satellite HIMAWARI dataover Northern Japan,Prof.Iwabuchi,Toho

34、ku University Given in-sector and out-of-sector uncertainties,it is difficult to foresee if and how Carbon Net Zero in Aviation be achieved by 2050.Multiple pathways must be considered.Technology development must focus on attaining minimum fuel(energy)usage,also keeping in mind projected fuel portfo

35、lio beyond 2050.IHI has developed and will continue to develop key core capabilities which should align with the sustainable aviation roadmap,utilizing our competence,as well as collaborations with academia and research institutes as the leverage.Concluding RemarksCopyright 2024 IHI Corporation All Rights Reserved.14Thank you!