Accelerating the Development and Implementation of Low-Carbon Concrete for Data Center Construction.pdf

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1、Julius Kusuma,Julius Kusuma,Amruta Sudhalkar&Amruta Sudhalkar&Douglas MoutonDouglas MoutonMeta Platforms,Inc.AI for Data Center Concrete:An Idea Whose Time Has ComePriya ChhibaPriya ChhibaGoogleJulius Kusuma,Amruta Sudhalkar&Douglas MoutonMeta Platforms,Inc.AI for Data Center Concrete:An Idea Whose

2、Time Has ComeDC SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITYDC FACILITIESPriya ChhibaGoogleConcrete is a major contributor to embodied CO2 emissions in data center constructionWorlds total annual concrete production$440B global spend 30B tons of concrete(Mar 2020 GCCA market data,Sep 2021 Nature)Billions of tons of

3、 CO2 emitted annually due to concrete(more than Agriculture and Deforestation)Concrete is 8%of human-caused CO2 emissions.Data Centers consume large volumes of concrete Total global data center construction spend by 2030:$370B(Feb 2024 Market.us market estimate)Hyperscaler Journey on Concrete Carbon

4、 ReductionRequire Product-specific EPDs(CO2 content)for all concrete productsTransformed designto minimize concrete use(e.g.,in structure,duct banks and hardscape)Piloteddifferent forms of Low-Carbon Concrete:-Fly ash-Slag-Ground glass-MetakaolinExecuted performance-based specifications with carbon

5、intensity capson specific concrete applications to achieve moderate reductions in key applications(*)Metahas funded American Concrete Instituteto create evaluation framework to vet Low-Carbon Concrete technologiesFormed Industry PartnershipsScaled&Operationalized Low-Carbon Concrete RequirementsTest

6、ed Low-Carbon Concrete Streamlined Data Center DesignImproved Benchmarking(*)Need more significant reductions in all applications!AI for Sustainable(Data Center)ConcreteAI can significantlydecrease the carbon intensity of concrete mixes via optimization of mix designsNew concrete formulas are needed

7、 to meet unique challenges Sustainability,Speed,Reliability,novel materials.AI can accelerate the discovery processREDUCECement content REPLACECement or aggregates with greener options Substitute Cementitious Materials(SCMs)SlagFly ashRecycled Concrete Ground Glass Geosynthetic AggregatesCalcined Cl

8、aysNatural Pozzolans CEMENTWATERSCMsSANDGRAVELChallenge:Designing low-carbon concrete formulae from ingredientsNeed:AI&DataChallenge:Designing low-carbon concrete formulae for multiple metricsSTRENGTH/FINISHCOSTSPEEDSUSTAINABILITYNeed:AI&Data AI Improvements with Systematic DataBaseline formulaHigh

9、cement content&CO2Very fast:4kpsi 1dayNo additivesMeta Data Center compressive strength requirement:4000 psi 28dayAI-inspired formula(2022)at Meta data center40%less CO2Slower:4kpsi 7dayModerate additives usedAI-generated formula(2024)tested in the lab40%less CO2Fast:4kpsi 3dayNo additivesMetas late

10、st AI:open-sourced in GitHubBayesian optimization for strength,speed,CO2Iterative testing with research&industry partnersTo scale this solution,we need regionalized systematic dataBaseline40%less CO240%less CO2AI can design formulas for a wide range of performance goals,CO2 reduction,technical const

11、raints(water/binder,strength,speed)Use-case 1:Maximize overall CO2 reduction(e.g.,duct banks,foundations)Use-case 2:Trade-off CO2 and curing speed(e.g.,site paving)Use-case 3:Best speed and finish for technical spaces(e.g.,floor slab)Duct Bank MockupInterior Floor SlabExterior Site PavingFloor flatn

12、ess:ASTM 1155M https:/ Resistance:ASTM C994Hypothesis:Lower Water to Binder Ratio in Low-Carbon Concrete will make emplacement and finishing more difficult.Hypothesis:Higher SCMs Ratio in Low-Carbon Concrete will help improve abrasion resistance.Next Steps:Study emplacement of Low-Carbon Concrete to

13、 meet strength over time,finish,flatness and abrasion resistance Announced at the American Concrete Institute Fall 2023 SummitReleased as open-source product for research+industry use and adoptionLeverage Metas AI expertise and commitment to the Open Compute ProjectIncludes basic systematic dataAcce

14、lerates the discovery and usage of novel materials,novel additives to reduce carbon in concreteMeta has developed,tested&released to the concrete industry an AI model for low-carbon concrete mix designReducing data center concrete by 40%is a massive opportunity for OCP,the data center community,and

15、the planetTotal global data center construction spend by 2030:$370B per year(Feb 2024 Market.us market estimate)Concrete is a significant contributor to data center CO2https:/ CollaborationIn 2023 we jointly published a white paper highlighting our openness to work together to accelerate decarboniza

16、tion of concrete:Deliver technology roadmaps to decarbonize concreteSet standard baselines to measure againstTransparency through open sourced Environmental Product Declarations Create consistent method to calculate emissionsGreen Concrete for Digital InfrastructureOpen LetterPhased Approach to Conc

17、rete DecarbonizationPhase 1Leverage existing technologies like fly ash and slag to reduce cement use.Phase 3Carbon sequestering cementitious materials and aggregates,biogenic materials,graphite and other materials/methods that result in net negative Phase 2Advance emerging technologies such as alkal

18、i activated cement,calcium sulfoaluminate(CSA),geopolymers,recycled glass and limestone calcined clay cement(LC3)2023-20272026-20302028-2030 30%30 to 70%70%to 100%+How are we moving the needle to drive adoption of low-carbon concrete?Joint hyperscaler pilots of advanced materials focused on shared d

19、erisking and lessons learnedGOALOPEN SOURCEOUTCOMEAchieve meaningful CO2 reduction in concrete on Data Center Floor-high risk use caseMeta AI contributed to open source(GitHub)with basic concrete mix&performance dataMetas AI model will be used to optimize mix designAI-drivenadaptive experimentation&

20、testing to efficiently generate systematic dataDevelop means&methods for best placement strategies for sharing with the industryConcrete testing and qualification process Achievable,adoptable process to executing low-carbon concrete in high risk data center applications.Meet or exceed our Phase 1 go

21、al of GHG reduction in all data center applications by 2027Joint Hyperscale PilotSite SelectionFour slabs 25 x 25 ftIndoor Lab SpaceConcrete Mix SelectionFour mixes plannedControl:Type IL 30%GHG reduction 40 to 60%GHG reduction 40 to 60%GHG reduction Mix EvaluationLaboratoryPlastic Properties-slump,

22、air content,setting timeCompressive and flexural strength per ASTM C39&C78Maturity-time temperature curvesDryingshrinkageand crack resistance per ASTM C157 and C1581Field Placement and EvaluationPumped and placedQuality control Maturity MetersPower troweledFinish operations timingFLoor flatnessAbras

23、ion ResistanceGlobal adoption of low carbon concrete through derisking using AI tools,enables us to:Measurably reduces the carbon intensity of concrete;first in data centers,then influencing other industries Addresses regionality and seasonality of low-carbon materials(SCMs)Bridge tactical and capab

24、ility gaps across designers,concrete suppliers,installers,and contractors globally Seek and qualify novel cements and materials that are available at-scale,eg,lithium dust,clays,nano-fibersThis is what success looks likeDataAIData CentersNovel Materials Join the DCF-Sustainability TrackMeeting 1stWe

25、dnesday of every month from 2pm ET(11am PT)Construction emissions reduction track Better algorithms:GitHub link to Metas open-sourced basic code and dataMeta contributes an open-sourced AIIndustry partners integrate into data center concrete design Better data:Data Center operators share performance specs and dataPublicly-accessible references,benchmarks and starter concrete formulasSite-specific information and datasetsHeres How We Can CollaborateOpen Discussion