2020年COVID-19疫情下旅游相關政策：全球旅游業回顧 -世界旅游組織（英文版）（16頁）.pdf

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1、COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM COVID - 19COVID - 19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONSRELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISMA GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM Third Report as of 8 Ma y 2020Third Report as of 8 Ma y 2020 Prepared by UNWTO UNWTO Sustainable Develop

2、ment of Tourism Department COVID - 19COVID - 19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONSRELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISMA GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM Third Report as of 8 Ma y 2020Third Report as of 8 Ma y 2020 COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM AcknowledgmentsA

3、cknowledgments This third report COVID-19 Related Travel Restrictions A Global Review for Tourism was developed by the World Tourism Organizations (UNWTO) Sustainable Development of Tourism Department. The report was prepared under the supervision of Dr. Dirk Glaesser with lead contributions from Lo

4、rna Hartantyo, Marianna Stori and Cordula Wohlmuther. Virginia Fernndez-Trapa reviewed and provided feedback to the report. Layout of the cover was provided by Alberto G. Uceda and layout of the report by Javier P. Spuch. We wish to thank Mrs Fiona Barron and Mr Rodolfo Losada from the World Food Pr

5、ogramme for the clarifications and continuous support provided. COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM 1 COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM Table of ContentsTable of Contents 1. Key Facts .2 2. Introduction.3 3. Adjusted methodology for more de

6、tailed information on travel restrictions .4 4. Overview on COVID-19 related Travel Restrictions as of 27 April 2020 .5 4.1 Volume and severity of travel restrictions.5 4.2 Evolution of travel restrictions over time .5 4.3 Categories of travel restrictions affecting international tourists .6 4.4 Reg

7、ional analysis of travel restrictions .7 4.5 Lifting of travel restrictions.8 Annex 1 Overview on the different categories and applying destinations as of 27 April 2020 .9 Annex 2 Overview on COVID-19 and pandemic measures, including travel restrictions .11 Table of FiguresTable of Figures Figure 1

8、Destinations with complete closure of borders to international tourism as of 27 April 2020 .5 Figure 2 Number of confirmed cases and destinations with COVID-19-related travel restrictions .6 Figure 3 Category of travel restrictions by destination with COVID-19 travel restrictions .7 Figure 4 Regiona

9、l breakdown of travel restrictions as of 27 April 2020 .8 COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM 2 COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM 100% of destinations100% of destinations worldwide continue to have COVID-19 related travel restrictions in pl

10、ace. 25% of all destinations worldwide25% of all destinations worldwide have travel restrictions in place for at least a 3-month 3-month period and about 40% for at least a 2-month period and about 40% for at least a 2-month periodperiod. There are currently 156 destinations worldwide156 destination

11、s worldwide that have completely closedcompletely closed their borders for for international tourisminternational tourism. From a regional point of view, the destinations that have completely closed their border represent: o 57% of destinations in Africa o 80% of destinations in the Americas o 70% o

12、f destinations in Asia and the Pacific o 83% of destinations in Europe o 62% of destinations in the Middle East The following categories of COVID-19 related travel restrictions are being applied across destinations worldwide (total destinations = 217): o Complete or partial closure of bordersComplet

13、e or partial closure of borders: 166 destinations (76%) have completely or partially closed borders: - Out of these, 94% (156 destinations) 94% (156 destinations) have completely closedhave completely closed borders for international tourists including air, sea and land border. Some exemptions are u

14、sually made for nationals, residents, commuters, diplomats and for essential travel purposes. - The remaining 6% (10 destinations) 6% (10 destinations) have partially closedhave partially closed borders, resulting in a significant reduction of the entry points to access their destinations. 1. Key Fa

15、cts1. Key Facts Source: Data compiled by UNWTO as of 27 April 20201. 1 The maps elaborated by UNWTO are for reference only and do not imply any judgement on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Figure A Type of travel restriction by destination with

16、 COVID-19 travel restrictionsFigure A Type of travel restriction by destination with COVID-19 travel restrictions COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM 3 COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM o Suspension of flightsSuspension of flights: 26 desti

17、nations (12%) have suspended completely or partially international completely or partially international flightsflights. o Destination-specific travel restrictionDestination-specific travel restriction: 9 destinations (4%) are implementing the closing of borders in a more differentiated manner by ba

18、nning the entry for passengers from specific countries of origin. o Different measuresDifferent measures: The remaining 16 destinations (8%) are applying different measures, such as quarantine or self-isolation for 14 days, visa measures, or requesting a medical certificate upon arrival. As of 27 Ap

19、ril 2020, no destination has lifted or As of 27 April 2020, no destination has lifted or easedeased a travel restriction. This is the third issue of a series of reports on COVID-19 Related Travel Restrictions A Global Review for Tourism, aimed at providing an overview and analysis on the implementat

20、ion of travel restrictions by governments as one of the means to address the global health crisis of COVID-19. These reports are updated on a regular basis to support mitigation and recovery efforts of the tourism sector, providing a global overview of the measures in place and analysing them from a

21、 tourism perspective. With a view to supporting the responsible and successful implementation of exit strategies through which countries are planning the gradual recovery of their tourism sector, the reports also aim at identifying critical issues and best practices of COVID-19 related travel measur

22、es and their implications on tourism. The monitoring of travel restrictions is carried out from the standpoint of travel facilitation for tourism purposes (i.e. focusing on temporary visitors/tourists) and does not take into account measures that are directed to residents, diplomats and other catego

23、ries of travellers. In addition, these reports do not consider travel advisories issued by governments for their respective citizens/ residents. This work is carried out by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) Sustainable Development of Tourism Department (SDT) that, inter alia, monitors visa poli

24、cies around the world since 2008 and produces the Visa Openness Reports, which focus on entry requirements for tourism purposes.2 2. Introduction2. Introduction 2 World Tourism Organization, Travel Facilitation reports, available online at: www.unwto.org/sustainable-development/travel-facilitation.

25、COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM 4 COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM All reports in this series are based on desk research carried out since the end of January 2020. They contain the results of monitoring all travel restrictions that hav

26、e been implemented during this period.3 Official websites that provide such information, in particular the International Air Transport Association (IATA) Travel Centre4, the World Health Organization (WHO) Extranet, the International SOS travel restrictions data5 and the online platform of the World

27、 Food Programme (WFP) on global travel restrictions6, are reviewed on a regular basis. For the first two reports in this series, the IATA Travel Centre was the main source of information and the other databases were consulted for destinations that were not featured on the IATA website. For this thir

28、d report, in order to gain a better understanding and more detailed insights, UNWTO analysed further the measures implemented by destinations, looking especially into the distinction between complete and partial closure of borders. In addition, clarifications were sought in the category of suspensio

29、n of flights. For this purpose the collected information was revalidated, in order to understand whether in the case of suspension of flights, international tourists could still enter the destination by crossing a land or sea border. The category of visa measures was also further redefined, in order

30、 to better assess if changes of visa policies would be eventually restricting tourists from entering a destination. To ensure the accuracy of the exercise, both information from IATA and SOS International were collected and compared and subsequently validated. Where necessary, the WFP Travel Platfor

31、m and governmental websites were consulted. This additional step allowed to obtain more detailed information for each destination and a more comprehensive understanding on the measures currently in place which are of relevance for international tourism. The data reported in this third edition is bas

32、ed on this adjusted methodology. 3. Adjusted methodology for more 3. Adjusted methodology for more detailed information on travel restrictionsdetailed information on travel restrictions 3 Disclaimer about Information Accuracy: Although every effort has been made to provide complete and accurate info

33、rmation, UNWTO cannot make warranties as to the accuracy of content deriving from the consulted websites. If inaccuracies are observed, please revert to sdtunwto.org. As changes in travel restrictions are occurring very fast, changes after the time of this publication may impact on the accuracy of t

34、he information. 4 IATA Travel Centre, available online at: 5 International SOS is a medical and travel security services company, for more info on Travel restrictions, flight operations and screening see: https:/pandemic. 6 World Travel Restrictions - UN World Food Programme, available online at: db

35、5b5df309ac4f10bfd36145a6f8880e. COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM 5 COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM 4. Overview on COVID-19 related Travel 4. Overview on COVID-19 related Travel Restrictions as of 27 April 2020Restrictions as of 27 Apri

36、l 2020 4.1 Volume and severity of travel 4.1 Volume and severity of travel restrictions restrictions For the first time in history, all destinations worldwide (217 destinations) have imposed travel restrictions, out of which 72% (156 destinations) have completely closed their borders for internation

37、al tourism (Figure 1). 25% of all destinations worldwide (more than 50) are having travel restrictions in place for at least 3 months, and 40% (more than 80 destinations) for at least 2 months. While some destinations have started to lift national lockdown and quarantine measures, no destination has

38、 yet lifted or eased its international travel restrictions. 4.2 Evolution of travel restrictions over time4.2 Evolution of travel restrictions over time With the spread of COVID-19 cases in an increasing number of countries, the number of travel restrictions has also grown (Figure 2). When on 30 Jan

39、uary 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), 11 destinations had already implemented travel restrictions directed at travellers coming from China and prohibiting their entry into the destination. One week later, on 7 February 2

40、020, this number had grown to 52 destinations. By then, 24 destinations worldwide had reported confirmed cases of COVID-19. On 11 March 2020, when WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic, a total of 85 destinations had travel restrictions in place. After the declaration of the pandemic, a new wave of restr

41、icting entry into destinations was triggered, this time mainly in the European region. As a result, between 9 and 16 March 2020, an additional 38 destinations introduced travel restrictions, out of which 20 were from Europe, bringing the total to 119 destinations worldwide. Two weeks after the decla

42、ration of the PHEIC, the number of destinations with restrictions more than doubled, from 85 to 181 destinations. From 24 March to 20 April 2020, all remaining destinations introduced travel restrictions bringing the total to 217 destinations, representing 100% of destinations worldwide. Figure 1 -

43、Destinations with complete closure of borders to international tourism as of 27 April 2020Figure 1 - Destinations with complete closure of borders to international tourism as of 27 April 2020 Source: Data compiled by UNWTO as of 27 April 2020. COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR

44、 TOURISM 6 COVID-19 RELATED TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS A GLOBAL REVIEW FOR TOURISM For more than two weeks 100% of all destinations worldwide are having currently travel restrictions in place. 4.3 Categories of travel restrictions 4.3 Categories of travel restrictions affecting international touristsaffect

45、ing international tourists At the beginning of the crisis two main categories of travel restrictions were observed, one directed at passengers coming from a country that had confirmed COVID-19 cases (destination-specific travel restriction) and the other one being the restrictions of visa. Over time additional measures were observed, such as the request for medical certificates upon arrival at a destination or the request for self- isolation or quarantine. Once WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic