普華永道：2016無人機技術商業使用報告（40頁）.pdf

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1、Cl arity from above PwC gl obal report on the commercial appl ications of drone technol ogy www.dronepoweredsol May 2016 Contents How can drones take business to the sky?1 1. What are the key commercial applications of drones?3 1.1Infrastructure5 1.2Transport8 1.3Insurance11 1.4Media and Entertainme

2、nt12 1.5Tel ecommunication14 1.6Agricul ture16 1.7Security18 1.8Mining19 2. What are the drivers and barriers to drone powered solutions?20 2.1Drivers performing the same inspection using a drone cuts the cost by around 50%. Simil ar savings can be achieved on inspections of bridges and tunnel s, wh

3、ere the costs of in-person inspections are even higher. Befor e (init ial s t at e) Aft er 6Clar it y fr om above Today drones can not onl y l ocate defects faster and more thoroughl y, but al so more cheapl y and safel y. Due to advances in image processing, companies can anal yse data much faster

4、and more accuratel y. The software currentl y avail abl e for image processing al l ows extraction of much more val uabl e information and insights than ever before. Asset inventory Drones can be used in stocktaking and inventory management for infrastructure companies. Performing inventory assessme

5、nts with UAVs al l ows companies to cut costs and accel erate the entire process, whil e providing more detail ed information about the assets. It al so increases workpl ace safety, as rotary-wing drones can fl y into pl aces that are diffi cul t to reach without risking human l ives. The best examp

6、l e may be inventory of tel ecommunication and broadcasting masts, and the devices instal l ed on them. Ordinary stocktaking is dangerous, time-consuming and l abour-intensive; using drones, enhanced by other new technol ogies such as optical barcodes and radio frequency tags (RFID), makes the proce

7、ss safer and much more effi cient. And database integration makes the catal oguing process more detail ed and more rel iabl e. What the future may hold Drones are al ready changing the way we think about maintenance and monitoring services. We can expect to see drones not onl y diagnosing probl ems

8、with crumbl ing infrastructure, such as cracks in tarmac, bridges and buil ding facades, but al so repairing them. In the future, 3D printing technol ogy wil l be combined with drone technol ogies to maintain and repair infrastructure. Construction companies wil l be abl e to attach 3D printers to d

9、rones, to produce on-site repl acement parts for damaged el ements of infrastructure. The growth of 3D printing is al ready contributing to the drone sector: In 2014, the fi rst fl ying 3D printer was created. Monitoring and repair are not the onl y drone appl ications being devel oped within the in

10、frastructure industry. Start-ups are testing drone technol ogy to perform hazardous tasks at height, such as painting and window cl eaning. Ul timatel y they wil l be abl e to perform most work at height, repl acing humans in order to reduce the risk of death and inj ury, as wel l as increasing effi

11、 ciency. We al so envisage the devel opment of smal l autonomous drones for buil ding internal infrastructure (e.g. ventil ation systems). Thanks to more advanced capabil ities and sensors, they wil l be abl e to navigate by themsel ves and perform tasks inside as wel l as outside buil dings. 7 Dron

12、e application in capital projects is an exciting growth area. As the price of drones continues to fall and new technology to exploit them becomes available, we expect their use will begin to pervade the entire lifecycle of capital projects, and fi lter down to even the smallest infrastructure projec

13、ts. Drones are being used in capital projects in a variety of ways. There are the obvious uses of taking photos or making aerial surveys of inaccessible locations, both to help scope a project and to monitor it. Taking this further, recent developments in photogrammetry allow the use of (relatively)

14、 cheap camera-only drones to create 3D representations of infrastructure assets that can then be imported into BIM systems to create scale models. Once a project is underway, these drones can also measure progress during construction work a key piece of performance information from a project control

15、s perspective. Still, one note of caution would be that while this can work well for the physically signifi cant elements of projects, system installation and commissioning is more diffi cult to capture from a drones eye view. How do we see this market developing? There are still some regulatory hur

16、dles to overcome, which vary by country, but drone technology is developing quickly. In the near future we believe that drones will have increased automation to provide oversight, which will include health and safety monitoring, and on-going condition surveys. This data collection, combined with imp

17、rovements in tailored data analytics, will enable predictive maintenance and other process improvements throughout each stage of a projects life cycle. In the distant future, wed like to see drones actually undertake the construction of components on site: from a co-ordinated swarm of mini 3D-printi

18、ng drones, to specialised drones undertaking specifi c hazardous tasks to achieve the ultimate in safe construction by removing the human operator from the site. Drone applications will be a vital technology in the capital project of the future, and so we are advising project owners to place themsel

19、ves at the leading edge of the innovation wave, to gain an optimum return on their investment. Richard Abadie PwC Global Capital Projects and Infrastructure Leader Drone application in capital projects as a vital step in designing, constructing, operating and maintaining infrastructure assets 1.2 Tr

20、ansport The devel opment prospects for drones in the transport industry are excel l ent, thanks l argel y to upcoming improvements in technol ogy. Drones may pl ay an important part in this technol ogical shift. Whil e initial l y the industry underestimated their util ity, unmanned aerial vehicl es

21、 are starting to be used in a wide spectrum of transport activities, from e-commerce package del ivery, to transport of medicines, to fl eet management and spare-parts del ivery and even to same-day food del ivery. Drones are certain to become an integral part of the transport industry very soon, of

22、fering both a method of del ivery and services accompanying transport. The industry wil l turn to drones for their speed, accessibil ity and l ow operating costs compared with other forms of transport that require human l abour. The addressabl e market for drone powered sol utions in the transport i

23、ndustry is $13bn, according to our estimates. Delivery of parcels Within the e-commerce business, time of del ivery is paramount when choosing a carrier. Drones enabl e fast del ivery to a specifi c, predefi ned point, without much human action required. The convenience of sending packages to a cl i

24、ents doorstep wil l create an improved customer experience. Such concepts have al ready gained the attention of the l argest pl ayers, such as Amazon and Googl e, who are in the testing phase for such sol utions. Amazon has been running Amazon Prime Air, which seeks to automate l ast-mil e del ivery

25、 of packages using smal l drones, abl e to reach a destination in 30 minutes whil st carrying a smal l parcel . Sending a 2-kg package within a 10 km radius in the US by ground transport costs Amazon $2 to $8, compared with j ust 10 cents using a drone.2Googl e is al so running a drone testing progr

26、amme, Proj ect Wing. The purpose is al so l ast-mil e del ivery of goods, but the vehicl es construction is different from Amazons. Googl es drone is cal l ed a “tail sitter”: Its take-off is vertical , then it moves into a horizontal position, which al l ows greater manoeuvrabil ity and speed. Both

27、 establ ished corporations and garage-based start-ups, and al l kinds of companies in between, are invol ved in fi nding optimal ways of using drones in transport. As a matter of fact, some l ogistics companies have actual l y put drones to real work. Swiss Post has been testing parcel del iveries b

28、y UAV since Jul y 2015.3 The drones fl y autonomousl y, fol l owing previousl y defi ned paths drawn up by cl oud software devel oped by Matternet (a US start-up), del ivering payl oads of up to 1 kil ogram.4Last September, Posti, the Finnish national postal company, al so tested del ivery by drone

29、for the fi rst time in Europe in an inhabited urban environment. The drone fl ew 4 kil ometres in Hel sinki, from the mainl and to the isl and of Suomenl inna, carrying a 3 kg parcel .5 As drones can quickl y del iver packages to hard-to-reach areas, and offer fl exibil ity of del ivery points, othe

30、r postal operators are fol l owing in Swiss Post and Postis footsteps in testing drone technol ogy. Spare parts In the area of goods del ivery, another concept is al so gaining popul arity: del ivery of spare parts. Maersk, which operates a l arge fl eet of tankers, currentl y uses barges to del ive

31、r spare parts to its workers. As this process is expensive, the company has been searching for other options, and has al so conducted drone del ivery tests. Based on positive resul ts, Maersk expects to be abl e to save $3,000 to $9,000 per ship annual l y using UAV technol ogy.6 8Clar it y fr om ab

32、ove 2ht t p:/www.bus ines s ins ider .com/deliver y-fee-for -amazon-pr ime-air -2015-4 3ht t ps :/www.t heguar echnology/2015/jul/08/s wis s -pos t -begins -t es t ing-pos t al- deliver y-by-unmanned-dr one 4ht t p:/pos t andpar cel.info/70443/news /mat t er net -and-s wis s -pos t -t o-s t ar t -pa

33、yload-t r ials -wit h- dr ones / 5ht t ps :/www.pos t h/cur r ent /2015/20150901_r obot ic_helicopt er s .ht ml 6ht t p:/for t s k-dr one-deliver y-t anker / Medical logistics Another appl ication for drones is in medical l ogistics. The two foremost studies in the fi el d concern drug transport and

34、 using drones as fl ying defi bril l ators. Last Jul y, Fl irtey (a US drone del ivery start-up), NASA and Virginia Tech received special FAA approval to perform the fi rst offi cial drone del ivery of medication in the United States. The vehicl e carried medications from an airport to a nearby heal

35、 th cl inic in a three-minute fl ight.7Del ivering medical suppl ies in a remote rural area is the most l ikel y appl ication for drones in transport, because the need is high and the risk is l ow. Drones, unl ike cars or motorcycl es, are not subj ect to traffi c del ays, so sampl es can reach heal

36、 th- care workers much faster, making it easier to maintain ideal storage conditions. Another potential medical appl ication for drones is their use as fl ying defi bril l ators. A drone can be summoned by a patientwith heart attack symptoms; the device can reach the patient, travel l ing at speeds

37、of 100 km/h, l ocate and identify him or her and then perform an automatic defi bril l ation. By decreasing the time between identifying the fi rst symptoms of a heart attack and the defi bril l ation drones rapid response, the survival rate can increase from 8% to 80%.8 Food delivery One of the mos

38、t promising uses of drones in transport may be food del ivery. Providing products such as frozen food, ready-to-eat dishes or even dail y groceries from l arge chains may become be the next big thing in the food and restaurant industries. At fi rst drones wil l be used to del iver such products to r

39、emote, diffi cul t-to-access pl aces that depend on external food suppl ies, such as oil rigs, research stations and isol ated isl ands. Once proper regul ations have been establ ished, drones may perform the same tasks in residential areas, decreasing del ivery times and increasing the effi ciency

40、of the entire transport val ue chain. What the future may hold Until now, hel icopters have distinguished themsel ves from airpl anes by their fl ight fl exibil ity. Drones not onl y provide the same opportunities, but have the advantage of being smal l er and el iminating the risk of l osing a huma

41、n operator. Another big advantage is their price, and therefore their extremel y high avail abil ity. Thus, it is reasonabl e to forecast that drones wil l decrease the need for hel icopters, and be abl e to conduct operations where the use of hel icopters was too expensive or dangerous. On the othe

42、r hand, if the two sectors merge, new opportunities may arise. In the future, we may expect that airl ines wil l start to del iver drone transportation services to their cl ients. This comes as no surprise, since airl ines and drones are very much al ike. Firstl y, they both operate aerial vehicl es

43、 that face simil ar l evel s of risk, a l evel that is cl earl y acceptabl e to the airl ines. Furthermore, airl ines al ready have experience and know-how in l ogistics, which gives them a natural competitive advantage in adopting drones in their service l ines and diversifying their businesses. Si

44、nce fl ying drones requires skil l , and airl ines al ready have their own training programmes to devel op these skil l s, they can use their facil ities to train future drone pil ots, or even buil d their own drone crews. 9 7ht t p:/www.ws t icles /dr one-deliver s -medicine-t o-r ur al-vir ginia-c

45、linic-1437155114 8ht t p:/www.t udelft .nl/en/cur r ent /lat es t -news /ar t icle/det ail/ambulance-dr one-t u-delft -ver gr oot -over levings kans -bij-har t s t ils t and-dr as t is ch/ 10Clar it y fr om above In essence, every drone is an advanced version of a remote-controlled model aircraft. W

46、hile many people had them as toys, most of us did not imagine their enormous potential. But today, like so many other technologies developed for military use, drones can be used to improve the effi ciency of the transport and logistics industry. In addition to the technological advances, the drivers

47、 of this change include the high cost of operating and maintaining broad geographical networks, especially in remote areas. Drones offer the potential to save huge amounts of person and vehicle-hours through their mobility and fl exibility. Although the practical realities of drone implementation in

48、 Transport the main reasons are economic growth resul ting in rising property val ues, as wel l as growth of popul ation density and insurance penetration in high risk areas a trend that is compounded by the fast growth of certain Asian economies in disaster-prone regions.9 By monitoring threatened

49、areas, national governments working with insurance companies can monitor the situation and al ert l ocal residents if an emergency arises. This al l ows insurers to prevent casual ties and maj or damage, which obviousl y is extremel y benefi cial not onl y for them but al so for re-insurers and the rest of society. Monitoring systems shoul d consist of drones combined with a ground-l evel centre where the data they col l ect can be anal ysed. Such systems can hel p prevent or mitigate the economic consequences of natural disasters, benefi ting th