ICCT：歐盟可再能源指令II持低碳燃料（14頁）.pdf

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1、歐盟可再能源指令II：持低碳燃料EU Renewable Energy Directive II:supporting low-carbon fuelsChelsea BaldinoResearcher,Fuels研究員燃料項組國際清潔交通委員會：標與活動The ICCT:mission and activities國際清潔交通委員會(ICCT)的標是通過提各種車輛及交通系統的環境與能效表現，以保護公眾健康、然環境，提升活質量。The mission of ICCT is to dramatically improve the environmental performance and eff

2、iciency of cars,trucks,buses and transportation systems in order to protect and improve public health,the environment,and quality of life.非盈利研究機構Non-profit research organization空污染和候影響Air pollution and climate impacts研究監管政策與財政激勵措施Focus on regulatory policies and fiscal incentives 研究涵蓋了包括航空和海運的多種交通模式

3、Activity across modes including aviation and marine向全球、關注主要市場Global outreach,with special focus on largest markets歐盟可再能源指令II（RED II）(2018)EU Renewable Energy Directive II(2018)3范圍：開采與運輸階段/Scope:Well to tank可再能源標：覆蓋公路和鐵路交通的10%/Renewable Energy Target:10%of road and rail transport最終的實施式將由歐盟各成員國決定，如總量要

4、求、能源要求或者對于燃料供應商GHG減排的要求Member States decide how to implement:e.g.,volume mandate,energy mandate,or GHG reduction requirement for fuel suppliers計算燃料碳排放強度：不同材料的開采或種植、地途的直接變化、加、運輸和分配，以及使的燃料、更好的農業管理產的壤碳積累、碳捕獲和儲存或替代產的排放節省Calculate GHG intensity of fuel:emissions from extraction or cultivation of differen

5、t materials,direct land use change,processing,transport and distribution,fuel in use,soil carbon accumulation from better agricultural management,emission savings from carbon capture and storage or replacement與最低溫室體減排標相應的化燃料使量對照/Minimum GHG reduction target relative to a fossil comparator非物來源可再燃料（RF

6、NOBs，例如電解氫、合成燃料）：減少70%/Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin(RFNBOs,e.g.,electrolysis hydrogen,electrofuels):70%reduction物燃料：減少50-60%/Biofuels:50-60%間接地利變化Indirect land use change(ILUC)Existing croplandBiofuelsForestNew croplandYield increasesReduced food consumptionGlobal cropland expansionCO2增加

7、產量減少食物消費全球農擴張現存農物質燃料森林新開墾農歐盟可再能源指令II如何規定間接地利變化（ILUC）How does the RED II address ILUC?不包括間接地利變化/GHG intensity of fuel pathways does not include Indirect Land Use Change 限制基于食物和飼料的燃料（7%）/Cap on food and feed-based fuels(7%)淘汰間接地利變化的原料(棕櫚油）/Phase out of“high-ILUC”feedstocks(palm oil)5歐盟可再能源指令II通過多種段持低碳

8、燃料Support for low-carbon fuels in RED II對于電動車輛使的可再電和燃料采4倍乘數進計算4x multiplier for renewable electricity used in Electric Vehicles(EVs)or RFNBOs指令規定需有3.5%的燃料由廢料和殘渣制得（在附錄9中詳細定義)3.5%mandate for fuels made from wastes and residues(defined in Annex 9A)例如農業殘渣、動物排泄物、污污泥和藻類e.g.,agricultural residues,animal ma

9、nure,sewage sludge,and algae對于附錄9A和廢油（附錄9B）采2倍乘數進計算2x multiplier for Annex 9A and waste oils(Annex 9B)船舶和航空中使的可再燃料（非食物燃料）采1.2倍乘數進計算1.2x multiplier for renewable fuels used in marine and aviation sectors(but not food-based)6歐洲綠協議相應變化EU Green Deal changes為了在2030年前達到歐盟候法所規定的溫室體減排55%的標（以及在2050年前達到碳中和）To

10、 align with 55%reduction in GHG emissions required by 2030(and net neutral by 2050)under EU Climate Law修訂后的可再能源指II提案（非最終版本）Revised RED II proposal(not finalized)將所有交通能源的減排標改為13%Changes energy target to GHG intensity reduction of 13%for all transport energy增添了非物來源可再燃料的標Adds RFNBO target7可再能源指II的修訂提案P

11、roposed RED II revision當前可再能源標/Renewable Energy Target(current)除了前述多倍乘數的使以外，其余所有的燃料案都采相同的計算法All fuel pathways count the same towards meeting the target,except for when multipliers are used制造1升的麥醇無論是否使碳捕捉和封存技術（CCS）都視為相同的排放1 liter of wheat ethanol with or without carbon capture and storage(CCS)counts

12、the same溫室體強度減排標/GHG Intensity Reduction Target每種燃料案對溫室體減排產不同的貢獻Each fuel pathway generates different GHG reduction credits使碳捕捉和封存制造的1升麥醇比沒有使該技術制造的能減少更多溫室體排放1 liter of wheat ethanol with CCS generates more GHG reduction savings than without溫室體強度標更具有挑戰性，ICCT的研究表明該標能夠采更低的成本實現更的減排量GHG intensity target

13、is more ambitious and ICCT research shows it achieves greater overall GHG savings at lower cost8替代燃料相比于電動車更昂貴Alternative fuels are costly compared to Battery Electric Vehicles(BEVs)替代燃料產的汽車比電動車更昂貴More costly to produce cars using alternative fuels compared to BEVs相比于合成燃料汽車，電動車能效更BEV use electricity

14、more efficiently than eFuels于產合成燃料的電只有約16%最終于汽車驅動，電動車可以達到72%16%of the original electric energy used to produce eFuels ends up being used for propelling a vehicle,compared to 72%for BEV9開采和運輸過程尚未納入當前氧化碳排放標準Well to tank crediting not included in tailpipe CO standards總結Summary 可再能源指II的范圍是從開采到運輸階段，其它法規則

15、監管使階段Scope of RED II is well-to-tank and other regulations manage tank-to-wheel 間接地利變化需要重視歐盟通過設置上限和淘汰的式進管理ILUC is important-EU handles it with caps and phase-outs 持低碳燃料可持續電以及廢料和殘渣Support for low-carbon fuels-renewable electricity and wastes and residues 可再能源指II的修訂提案是項溫室體減排標案，從持比設能源強制要求更優的最低碳路徑RED II

16、 revision proposal is a GHG reduction target supporting lowest carbon pathways better than energy mandate 替代能源也很重要，不過多數將被于最難以降低碳排放的領域，例如航空和船舶等Alternative fuels play an important role but will be used most by hardest-to-decarbonize sectors like aviation and marine10Questions?!#chelsea.baldinotheicct.

17、org歐盟綠協議中與燃料相關的其它提案Additional fuels-related proposals from EU Green DealReFuelEU航空指令/ReFuelEU aviation mandate針對由廢料和殘渣制得的可持續物燃料于航空燃料的總量規定（羅列于附錄9）Volume mandates for sustainable aviation fuel from waste and residue biofuel(as listed in RED II Annex 9)and RFNBOs不包括來源于食物和飼料的燃料Does not include food and

18、feed-based fuels13Sustainable aviation fuelSynthetic aviation fuels1 January 2025/2025!11#2%-1 January 2030/2030!11#5%0.7%1 January 2035/2035!11#20%5%1 January 2040/2040!11#32%8%1 January 2045/2045!11#38%11%1 January 2050/2050!11#63%28%可持續航空燃料合成航空燃料船舶燃料FuelEU Maritime相比于2020年平均船隊溫室體排放強度/GHG reductio

19、n compared to fleet average greenhouse gas intensity from 20202025年下降2%2050年下降75%/-2%in 2025-75%in 2050燃料溫室體排放強度的計算遵從歐盟可再能源指令II 的相關法學/Fuel GHG intensity calculated following RED II methodology不包括來源于食物和飼料的燃料/Food-based fuels do not count可以允許使LNG，但是會對甲烷泄漏進處罰/Liquefied natural gas(LNG)does but penalty applied for methane slip履約過剩的積分將會被儲存/Over-compliance credits may be banked14