優化冬小麥氮肥施用量和時間.pdf

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1、Optimizing Nitrogen Fertility Rates and Timings in Winter WheatFeb 25,2025Cell:(204)441-4360Email:A_Griffithsducks.caAlex Griffiths P.Ag,CCA Great nesting habitat Nesting April&May Most fields not yet seededWhy Does DUC Care About Winter Wheat?Baldur,June 7,202224X MORE PRODUCTIVE FOR WATERFOWLMORE

2、NESTS&BETTER HATCHING SUCCESSIMPACT1 QUARTER OF WINTER WHEAT PRODUCES AS MANYDUCKS AS 4,000 ACRES OF SPRING WHEATNorthern PintailTrial LocationsRoblinMelitaCarberryArborgWinnipegManitobas Diversification Centres Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design Melita,Roblin,Carberry,Arborg(2022-2024)11 si

3、te years of data Fall N 50:50 ESN:Urea mid-row banded Spring N broadcast urea with agrotain Varieties:Wildfire and VortexMaterials&MethodsPhoto:Laura SchmidtTreatments:1.Check No fertility except starter phosphorus2.Split 60 Kg/ha(54 lbs/ac)nitrogen,split 50:50 Fall/Spring app3.Split 90 Kg/ha(80 lbs

4、/ac)nitrogen,split 50:50 4.Split 120 Kg/ha(107 lbs/ac)nitrogen,split 50:50 5.Split 150 Kg/ha(134 lbs/ac)nitrogen,split 50:50 6.Split 180 Kg/ha(161 lbs/ac)nitrogen,split 50:50 7.Spring 120 Kg/ha(107 lbs/ac)nitrogen,100%spring appliedSpring Apps Can Be ChallengingPhoto:Laura SchmidtToo WetToo DryEarly

5、 Nitrogen Application is KeyMay 5,2022Near Melita Seed head developed around 5th leaf stage,usually mid-May Any N not plant available by then goes towards protein and vegetative growth not yieldVarietiesCharacteristicAAC Wildfire33 Site YearsAAC Vortex20 Site YearsYield(bu/ac)8987Protein(%)11.712.3R

6、elative Winter HardinessVery GoodVery GoodRelative MaturityLateMediumHeight(cm)8583LodgingGoodVery GoodCommon BuntMRSStem RustSRLeaf RustIRStripe RustRRFusarium Head BlightMRMRSource:Seed Manitoba 2024WildfireVortexVarieties Changing of the GuardVariety20212024Emerson35%15%Gateway33%5%Elevate16%N/AW

7、ildfire6%53%Buteo5%3%Goldrush4%8%VortexN/A9%Sources:MASC Variety Market Share Reports 2021 and 2024All Site Years Yield by Fertilitydcbcabaababy=-1.1035x2+11.569x+58.0530102030405060708090100Yield bu/acYield 2022-2024(11 Site Years)Split 150(134 lbs/ac applied)consistently highest yielding Spring 12

8、0 and Split 120 similarMelita P0.001Roblin P0.001Arborg P=0.676fedcbbacbbbaaba0204060801001201400NCheck60Split90Split120Split150Split180Split120SpringYield bu/acYield 2022 Fertility x SiteMelitaRoblinArborg2022 Yield Dramatic yield responses in Melita&Roblin Heavy spring snow/rain Suspect N leaching

9、 for fall app 100%Spring app performed bestPhoto:Laura SchmidtOnanole,April 14,2022 32 inches2022 Weather 866,000 unseeded acres(8%of MB)with 150,000 seeded past MASC deadlineMelita-2022July 6June 9Arborg P=0.072Carberry P=0.142Melita P0.001Roblin P=0.925dbcabaabcabcc01020304050607080901000NCheck60S

10、plit90Split120Split150Split180Split120SpringYield bu/acYield 2023 Fertility x SiteMelitaRoblinArborgCarberry2023 Yield Much drier year,fall applied N treatments performed very well 120 Spring outyielded by 60 Split in Carberry and Melita Spring N applied May 11 too late?2023 WeatherArborg P=0.08Carb

11、erry P=0.004Melita P0.001Roblin P0.001ccbbaaadbccababaaccbcababaa89101112131415160NCheck60 Split90 Split120Split150Split180Split120Spring%ProteinProtein 2023 Fertility x SiteMelitaRoblinArborgCarberry2023 Protein 120 Spring and 180 split consistently highest protein 120 and 150 split also similar Un

12、fortunately no good premiums for winter wheat protein Paid for yieldRoblin June 2,2023Wildfire Split 150N102 bu/acArborg P0.001Carberry P=0.164Melita P0.001Roblin P0.001dcbcabaababcdcbaabaabcbcbbabaab0204060801001200NCheck60Split90Split120Split150Split180Split120SpringYield 2024 Fertility x SiteMeli

13、taRoblinArborgCarberry2024 Yield 120,150,180 split and 120 spring all performed equally Excellent Yields 120 Split 89bu/ac,150 Split 90bu/ac 180Split 91bu/ac,120 Spring 85bu/acPhoto:Daphne Appleyard2024 WeatherArborg June 27,2024Wildfire Check52 bu/acWildfire Split 180N95 bu/acAll Site Years Yield b

14、y Fertilitydcbcabaababy=-1.1035x2+11.569x+58.0530102030405060708090100Yield bu/acYield 2022-2024(11 Site Years)Split 150(134 lbs/ac applied)consistently highest yielding Spring 120 and Split 120 similarAll Site Years Economics$8.00/bu sell price,$0.80/lb N($810/MT urea)Split 120N(107lbs N/ac)highest

15、 return on investment&some years fall N is cheaper Split 180N(161lbs N/ac)lowest return other than check$-$56.62$54.99$70.93$62.42$28.43$64.31$500.00$520.00$540.00$560.00$580.00$600.00$620.00Gross Income/acddcbabaay=0.2582x+10.737910111213%ProteinProtein 2024-2024(11 Site Years)All Site Years Protei

16、n by Fertility Spring 120,split 150&180 highest protein All treatments including check averaged above 11.0%83.980.60102030405060708090WildfireVortexYield bu/acYield(11 Site Years)All Site Years Yield by Variety Wildfire about 3bu/ac higher yielding than Vortex Vortex higher yielding 3 site years(Rob

17、lin X2,Arborg)b,11.4a,12.1910111213WildfireVortex%ProteinProtein(11 Site Years)All Site Years Protein by Variety Vortex significantly higher protein and bushel weight than WildfirePhoto:Laura Schmidt 120 Superior(107lbs/ac applied N)20-30lbs/ac N residual,130-140lbs/ac N total In drier than normal s

18、prings,split fall N app is consistently better Use an inhibitor!Early Spring N app is key Small plots are easier to fertilize when wet than full fields Both Wildfire and Vortex are good winter wheat options across ManitobaConclusionsPhoto:Laura SchmidtVarious forms and timings of N on winter wheat:1

19、.Untreated Check-Zero N2.100%Urea Fall Sidebanded(SB)3.60%Urea Fall SB+40%SprBCST Urea Agrotain4.60%Urea Fall SB+40%SprDB UAN Agrotain5.100%SuperU Late Fall BCSTWinter Wheat N2O TrialAmbient airAmbient air0 N0 N0 N60%N SB100%N SB60%N SB0 NRep 2 for exampleLate fall SuperUN2O Analysis 1 Week after Se

20、edingMelita N2O Emissions-2024Fall EmissionsSpring Thaw0 N Check EmissionsRoblin N2O Emissions-2024Super Ucaaabc10.8b11.7ab11.8ab12a 12.201020304050607080Untreated Check100%Fall Urea(SB)60%Fall Urea(SB)+40%SpringAgrotain Urea(BC)60%Urea Fall(SB)+40%SpringAgrotain UAN(BC)100%SuperU LateFall(BC)Yield(

21、bu/ac)2024 Yield&Protein All SitesYield P0.001Protein P0.001Yield&Protein All Sites SummaryMANITOBACROP ALLIANCE$20/ac up to 250 max,plus agronomic support Available in all Prairie Provinces If winterkilled and ripped up,you keep all incentives givenWINTER WHEAT PROGRAMhttps:/ag.ducks.ca/program/winter-wheat-mb/MANITOBACROP ALLIANCEQuestions?Alex GriffithsP.Ag,CCACell:(204)441-4360Email:A_Griffithsducks.ca