自動駕駛汽車演示的經驗教訓.pdf

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1、CENTRAL FLORIDA REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITY|ShuttlingWIthAutonomousNavigationLessons LearnedAutonomous Vehicle DemonstrationSeptember 2024First Things FirstSeptember 2024First Things First The PlanSeptember 2024LYNX,the City of Orlando,and MetroPlan Orlando completed the Concept of Operations

2、for AV Services in 2021Autonomous vehicles need to provide the same or better service as existing before they are ready for deploymentLYMMO Orange was identified best option for pilotPilot option was to operate with a focus on off-peak periods to offset smaller vehicle sizeFirst Things First The Dem

3、onstrationSeptember 2024Continued development of autonomous vehicle technology in a“living lab”to:Allow familiarization with the technology to a broad spectrum of ages and technical levelsGain feedback on meeting the needs of passengers with an autonomous vehicleOperate in an urban setting including

4、 complex multiple lane intersections,an overhead highway,and adjacent pedestrian activity and streetscapeFirst Things First NHTSA and FMVSSSeptember 2024The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)established the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard(FMVSS)specifying 73 standards that m

5、ust be on vehicles sold in the United States.FMVSS uses human-centric federally-mandated standards(examples include steering wheels,brake pedals,drivers seat,mirrors)Vehicles that do not meet FMVSS require a petition for a temporary exemption from NHTSA to be permitted on public roads NHTSA requires

6、 operators of autonomous vehicles to report crashes to the agencyFirst Things First The LocationSeptember 2024First Things First The LocationSeptember 2024 Six-month demonstration Existing transit service Off-peak hours(two 4-hour shifts per day)8-minute headways during business hoursFirst Things Fi

7、rst Why Here?September 2024 Six-month demonstration Existing transit service Off-peak hours(two 4-hour shifts per day)8-minute headways during business hoursPilot location serves:Callahan and Parramore Neighborhoods,Salvation Army Orlando Citadel/William Booth/Catherine Booth Towers(Justice40)Orange

8、 County Public School Academic Center for Excellence(K-8 school)Orlando Technical College,Valencia College,University of Central Florida,and Florida A&M(higher education)EA Orlando(technology)Bob Carr Theater,Marriott,Crown Plaza Orlando Downtown(visitors)LYNX Central Station(bus and rail transit hu

9、b)First Things First Why Here?September 2024 Six-month demonstration Existing transit service Off-peak hours(two 4-hour shifts per day)8-minute headways during business hoursPilot location serves:Callahan and Parramore Neighborhoods,Salvation Army Orlando Citadel/William Booth/Catherine Booth Towers

10、(Justice40)Orange County Public School Academic Center for Excellence(K-8 school)Orlando Technical College,Valencia College,University of Central Florida,and Florida A&M(higher education)EA Orlando(technology)Bob Carr Theater,Marriott,Crown Plaza Orlando Downtown(visitors)LYNX Central Station(bus an

11、d rail transit hub)What We Learned WeatherSeptember 2024What We Learned-PrecipitationSeptember 2024Weather affects operations Sensors see rain as a wall(launched September 20,2023)What We Learned-PrecipitationSeptember 2024Weather affects operations Sensors see rain as a wall(launched September 20,2

12、023)Hurricanes Franklin and Idalia(September 30,2023)What We Learned Heat and ColdSeptember 2024Weather affects operations Sensors see rain as a wall(launched September 20,2023)Hurricanes Franklin and Idalia(September 30,2023)Heat(and humidity)affect battery rangeYahoo FinanceWhat We Learned Roadway

13、September 2024What We Learned Use of LanesSeptember 2024Pauli Exclusion Principle:two objects cannot occupy the same space at the same timePauli Exclusion Principle:two objects cannot occupy the same space at the same timeWhat We Learned-RoadwaySeptember 2024Pauli Exclusion Principle:two objects can

14、not occupy the same space at the same time Either buses or shuttles operate in the lane,not bothA solid white line marks the edge of the roadway or separates lanes of traffic moving in the same direction.You may travel in the same direction on both sides of this line,but you should not cross the lin

15、e unless you must do so to avoid a hazard.What We Learned-ConstructionSeptember 2024Pauli Exclusion Principle:two objects cannot occupy the same space at the same time Either buses or shuttles operate in the lane,not both Construction vehicles like to park in bus lanesWhat We Learned Traffic Signals

16、September 2024Pauli Exclusion Principle:two objects cannot occupy the same space at the same time Either buses or shuttles operate in the lane,not both Construction vehicles like to park in bus lanes Some vehicles dont follow the rulesWhat We Learned The RidersSeptember 2024What We Learned Rider Foc

17、usSeptember 2024Autonomous shuttle vehicles are different than buses Vendor attendants are not transit employeesWhat We Learned “Coolness”DelaysSeptember 2024Autonomous shuttle vehicles are different than buses Vendor attendants are not transit employees People stop the shuttle to ask questions(head

18、ways)What We Learned Design for RidersSeptember 2024Autonomous shuttle vehicles are different than buses Vendor attendants are not transit employees People stop the shuttle to ask questions(headways)Snuggle up(11 passengers?)What We Learned Design for RidersSeptember 2024Autonomous shuttle vehicles

19、are different than buses Vendor attendants are not transit employees People stop the shuttle to ask questions(headways)Snuggle up(11 passengers?)Buckle upWhat We Learned Slow SpeedSeptember 2024Autonomous shuttle vehicles are different than buses Vendor attendants are not transit employees People st

20、op the shuttle to ask questions(headways)Snuggle up(11 passengers?)Buckle up Zero to 60 mph in?What We Learned AccidentsSeptember 2024What We Learned AccidentsSeptember 2024Operators of vehicles equipped with Level 2 to Level 5 autonomous driving capability must report any accidents to the National

21、Highway and Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)with in 24 hours.What We Learned AccidentsSeptember 2024Operators of vehicles equipped with Level 2 to Level 5 autonomous driving capability must report any accidents to the National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)with in 24 hours.Sept

22、ember 23,2023 Bus merges into shuttle vehicle,back in service the next morningNovember 11,2023 Shuttle(manual)advances through stop signal and hits busWhat We Learned AccidentsSeptember 2024Operators of vehicles equipped with Level 2 to Level 5 autonomous driving capability must report any accidents

23、 to the National Highway and Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA)with in 24 hours.September 23,2023 Bus merges into shuttle vehicle,back in service the next morningNovember 11,2023 Shuttle(manual)advances through stop signal and hits busLesson 1:A crash with an autonomous vehicle can make national a

24、nd international news,even if vehicle only has scratchesLesson 2:A crash with an autonomous vehicle can result in a review of the waiver to conduct the deployment(still have to provide service)What We Learned The ResultsSeptember 2024What We Learned The ResultsSeptember 2024Out 1,916 scheduled hours

25、,we have experienced:5%affected by weather events(48 events for 88h 49m)4%affected by insufficient battery(103 events for 74h 38m)2%affected by lane blockages(24 events for 40h 3m)11%affected by construction(59 events for 217h 3m)3%affected by traffic signal issues(25 events for 57 h 38m)1%affected

26、by loss of GNSS signal(12 events for 7h 45m)1%affected by accidents(4 events for 15h 0m,not suspension)3%affected by other issues(33 events for 63h 58m)What We Learned The ResultsSeptember 2024Out 1,916 scheduled hours,lost 196 hours and 14 minutes(8%)5%affected by weather events(48 events for 88h 4

27、9m)4%affected by insufficient battery(103 events for 74h 38m)2%affected by lane blockages(24 events for 40h 3m)11%affected by construction(59 events for 217h 3m)3%affected by traffic signal issues(25 events for 57 h 38m)1%affected by loss of GNSS signal(12 events for 7h 45m)1%affected by accidents(4

28、 events for 15h 0m,not suspension)3%affected by other issues(33 events for 63h 58m)TechnologyPerspectiveWhat We Learned The ResultsSeptember 2024Out 1,916 scheduled hours,lost 592 hours and 56 minutes(31%)5%affected by weather events(48 events for 88h 49m)4%affected by insufficient battery(103 event

29、s for 74h 38m)2%affected by lane blockages(24 events for 40h 3m)11%affected by construction(59 events for 217h 3m)3%affected by traffic signal issues(25 events for 57 h 38m)1%affected by loss of GNSS signal(12 events for 7h 45m)1%affected by accidents(4 events for 15h 0m,not suspension)3%affected by

30、 other issues(33 events for 63h 58m)TransitPerspectiveWhat We Learned The ResultsSeptember 2024Sensor technology that operates reliably in rain,snow,and fog“Fuel”that lasts for at least the same shift as a bus operator(at least 10 hours in service)Ability to maneuver around lane blockages on complex streetsAcceleration and speed comparable to adjacent trafficVehicles that can operate on detours without advanced noticeCabins that reflect personal comfort and space rather than maximize capacitySeptember 2024Thank YouDoug JamisonProgram Administrator-Innovation