用于下一代超高功率微處理器的 1200A 48V 至 1V 開關總線轉換器.pdf

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1、OCP Global Summit October 18,2023|San Jose,CAA 1200-A/48-V-to-1-V Switching Bus Converter for Next-Generation Ultra-High-Power Microprocessors2023 OCP Global SummitFuture Technologies SymposiumYicheng Zhu,Ting Ge,Nathan M.Ellis,Jiarui Zou,and Robert C.N.Pilawa-PodgurskiUniversity of California,Berke

2、leyOctober 18,2023OutlineBackground and MotivationProposed Topology and Operating PrinciplesProposed switching bus converter(SBC)for direct 48-V-to-1-V conversion(maximum tested current:1200 A)Hardware Prototype and Experimental Results Conclusions2 Rapid growth in microprocessor power demand driven

3、 by AI,machine learning,etc.Data Center Power DeliveryNVIDIA A100(400 W),2020Credit:NVIDIANVIDIA DGX A100 SystemGH200(1000 W)H100(700 W)A100(400 W)V100(300 W)P100(300 W)GF106(106 W)NVIDIA GH200(1000 W),2023Credit:NVIDIANVIDIA H100(700 W),2022Credit:NVIDIAGM107(225 W)GK106(150 W)2.5400 W(2020)101000

4、W(2023)106 W(2010)3 Current two-stage lateral power delivery(LPD)architecture Large power distribution network(PDN)and high PDN losses Occupies a large area on the top side of the baseboard48 V to Point-of-Load Power DeliveryLateral power delivery(top view)1 V1 V1 V1 VLateral power delivery(top view

5、)IoutIoutIoutIoutCredit:Nvidia H100 GPU card(700 W),2022Intermediate bus converter(IBC)1 VFix-ratio intermediate bus converter(IBC)Stage 1Point-of-Load(PoL)48 VMulti-phase voltage regulation module(VRM)Stage 2Vbus4 Two-stage lateral power delivery(LPD)Large power distribution network(PDN)Occupies a

6、large area on the top side of the baseboard Single-stage vertical power delivery(VPD)Much smaller PDN Save the topside area for high-speed communication and memories48 V to Point-of-Load Power DeliveryVertical power delivery(side view)Lateral power delivery(top view)IoutIoutIoutIoutCredit:Nvidia H10

7、0 GPU card(700 W),2022IoutIoutIoutIout5 Goals High conversion ratio:from 48 Vdc bus to 1 V at the point-of-load(PoL)Ultra-high output current:beyond 1000 A High power density:enabling vertical power delivery High efficiency:easier thermal management and reduced electricity consumption Fast transient

8、 responseDirect 48 V to Point-of-Load Power DeliveryVertical power delivery(side view)1 VDirect 48 V to 1 V1 V48 V busPoint-of-Load(PoL)1000A6 Switching bus converter(SBC)Submodule 1ASubmodule 2AStage 2Submodule 5AC1A+C2A+C3A+C4A+C9A+S2HAS3HAS4HAS9HAS10HAS1LAS2LAS3LAS4LAS9LAS10LA.C1+Vin+-S1S2S4S3.C1

9、B+C2B+C3B+C4B+Submodule 1BSubmodule 2BC9B+L9BL10BSubmodule 5BS2HBS1LBS3HBS4HBS9HBS10HBS2LBS3LBS4LBS9LBS10LB.Stage 2Stage 1Submodule 1DSubmodule 2DStage 2L9DL10DSubmodule 5DC1D+C2D+C3D+C4D+C9D+S2HDS3HDS4HDS9HDS10HDS1LDS2LDS3LDS4LDS9LDS10LD.C2+Vin+-S5S6S8S7.C1C+C2C+C3C+C4C+Submodule 1CSubmodule 2CC9C+

10、Submodule 5CS2HCS1LCS3HCS4HCS9HCS10HCS2LCS3LCS4LCS9LCS10LC.Stage 2Stage 1VoutRloadCoutL3BL4BL3DL4DL1BL2BL1DL2DL9AL10AL9CL10CL3AL4AL3CL4CL1AL2AL1CL2CProposed Topology and Operating PrinciplesSwitching bus DSwitching bus CSwitching bus ASwitching bus BModule BModule DModule A(series-capacitor buck(SCB

11、)module)Module C2-to-1 switched-capacitor(SC)front-endVinVinVout7 Proposed topologyProposed Topology and Operating PrinciplesS1S4C1+S2S3Vin+-CoutRloadS2LBC2B+L2BS9HBS9LBC9B+L9BS10HBS10LBL10BS1LBC1B+S2HBL1BS1HBCoutRloadS2LAC2A+L2AS9HAS9LAC9A+L9AS10HAS10LAL10AS1LAC1A+S2HAL1AS1HAvswBvswA8 Operating pri

12、nciplesProposed Topology and Operating PrinciplesCoutRloadS1S4C1+S2S3Vin+-S2LAC2A+L2AS9HAS9LAC9A+L9AS10HAS10LAL10AModule AS1LAC1A+S2HAL1AS2LBC2B+L2BS9HBS9LBC9B+L9BS10HBS10LBL10BModule BS1LBC1B+S2HBL1BSwitching bus ASwitching bus BvswBvswAControl signalsT0vswA1212vswB3434T2DTDTDTDTDTDTDTDT0T2TModule

13、AModule B 2 1 3 4 5 6 Module AModule B9 Switching-Bus-Based Architecture Advantages of switching-bus-based architecture No DC bus capacitor(Cbus)Fewer number of switches(one less switch on each switching bus)Complete soft-charging operationDC-bus-based architectureSwitching-bus-based architecture(pr

14、oposed)S1HAS1LAC1A+L1AS9HAS9LAC9A+L9AS10HAS10LAL10AS1S4C1+S2S3S1HBS1LBC1B+L1BS9HBS9LBC9B+L9BS10HBS10LBL10BVin+-Cbus+CoutRload+Stage 1Stage 2Module AModule BDC busvbusDC bus voltage waveformSwitching bus AModule AModule BStage 1Stage 2vswAvswBSwitching bus BtT0tTT2t0vbusSwitching bus voltage waveform

15、vswAvswB10 Hardware Implementation Hardware prototypeModule AModule CModule BModule D11 Experimental Results Thermal image at full loadThermal image at equilibrium with air cooling only(Vout=1.0 V,Iout=1200 A)Iout=1200 A,air cooling onlyPhotograph of the experimental setup12 Measured efficiency and

16、power density at 48-V-to-1-V conversionExperimental ResultsPower stage efficiencyPeak93.8%(280 A)Full-load87.9%(1200 A)System efficiency(including gate drive loss)Peak92.4%(380 A)Full-load87.5%(1200 A)Power density(by box volume)607 W/in337 kW/L(1200 A)13 93.8%92.4%87.9%87.5%Experimental Results Per

17、formance comparison with the state-of-the-art 48-V-to-1-V hybrid SC works Loss and volume of the gate drive circuitry are included in efficiency and power density calculationsComparison of SC stage conversion ratio and full-load currentNo.YearTopologySC Stage Conversion RatioFull-Load Current12022LE

18、GO 146:1450 A22022MLB 158:160 A32022VIB 168:1450 A42022Dickson2 179:1270 A52023Mini-LEGO 186:1240 A62023MSC 198:1220 A7202316-to-1 SBC 2016:1500 A82023This work(20-to-1 SBC)20:11200 A51234678This work1.LEGO 142.MLB 153.VIB 164.Dickson2 175.Mini-LEGO 186.MSC 197.16-to-1 SBC 208.This work14 Conclusion

19、s Switching bus architecture No DC bus capacitor(Cbus)Reduced number of switches Complete soft-charging operation Topological comparison A larger SC conversion ratio can offer greater theoretical potential for higher performance Hardware implementation Custom four-phase coupled inductor Hybrid gate

20、drive circuitry and daughterboards Experimental results 92.4%peak system efficiency 607 W/in3 power density 1200 AProposed switching bus converter for direct 48-V-to-1-V conversionS1S4C1+S2S3Vin+-S1LAC1A+L1AS9HAS9LAC9A+L9AS10HAS10LAL10AS1LBC1B+L1BS9HBS9LBC9B+L9BS10HBS10LBL10BCoutRload+Switching bus AModule AModule BStage 1Stage 2vswAvswBSwitching bus BtTT2t0Switching bus voltage waveformvswAvswB15 Acknowledgements16 OCP Global Summit|October 18,2023|San Jose,CA