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1、中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 2 目 錄 Table of contents 前言 3 Forward 4 一、摘要 6 I.Executive Summary 6 二、導言 7 II.Introduction 8 三、技能差距分析 9 III.Skills Gap Analysis 10 四、行業洞察與建議 17 IV.Industry Perspectives and Recommendations 18 五、合作模式：校企合作的有效模式 25 V.Business Mod

2、els:Collaboration between Institutions and Companies 26 六、結論 31 VI.Conclusion 32 特別鳴謝 33 Acknowledgment 33 中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 3 親愛的讀者，瑞士已經連續十余年被評為世界上最具創新力和競爭力的經濟體。瑞士也是歐洲青年失業率最低的國家之一，即使在流行病肆虐的年代也是如此。成功背后的原因有很多-表現優異的公司、完善的基礎設施、高效的政府機構-但如果沒有健全的教育體系，這些成就將是天方夜譚。健全的教育體系包括出色的公立學校、優秀的大學，以及最重要的是，也包括優質的職業教育與培訓體系（

3、VPET）。2022 年，首版中瑞職業教育白皮書概述了瑞士和中國的職業教育與培訓體系，并展示了瑞士企業在中國開展的部分職業教育與培訓項目。第二版中瑞職業教育白皮書在此之上更進一步。白皮書通過采訪多家活躍在中國的瑞士企業，重點介紹了瑞士職業教育在中國不斷變化的行業需求和技能提升需求中所發揮的作用。白皮書還闡述了瑞士企業希望繼續深化職教合作的領域，以及企業在華開展職教合作所面臨的挑戰。事實上，瑞士職業教育與培訓體系的成功源于企業體系化的責任。在瑞士，企業主導學徒課程的開發。本白皮書充分表明，瑞士企業在中國也承擔了類似責任。通過在華實施技能型項目，瑞士企業為中國縮小勞動力技能差距和培養面向未來的人才

4、做出了貢獻。瑞士和中國有很多值得慶祝的里程碑。2024 年是中瑞自由貿易協定簽署 10 周年。明年，我們將慶祝中瑞建交 75 周年。本白皮書不僅重點介紹了瑞士企業在中國的職業教育與培訓領域所取得的成就（不勝枚舉?。?，我還希望它能激勵我們瑞中兩國在職業教育與培訓領域開展更多有意義的合作。白瑞誼 瑞士駐華大使 China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 4 Dear readers For over a decade,Switzerland has been ranked as the worlds most innovat

5、ive and competitive economy.The country also maintains one of the lowest youth unemployment rates in Europe,even throughout the pandemic-affected years.Although there are many reasons that explain these successes-high-performing companies,excellent infrastructure,efficient state organization these a

6、chievements would not be possible without a robust educational system.This system includes quality public schools,outstanding universities and most importantly a successful vocational and professional education system(VPET).In 2022,the first China Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education gave

7、 an overview of the Swiss and Chinese VPET systems.It also showcased some of the VPET programs Swiss companies have established in China.This second edition of the White Paper on Sino-Swiss VPET collaboration goes a step further.Through a series of interviews with Swiss companies active in China,it

8、focuses on the role Swiss VPET plays in companies evolving industry demands and upskilling requirements in China.The paper also demonstrates where Swiss companies would like to go further and what obstacles they face.Indeed,the success of the Swiss VPET system is rooted in the private sectors system

9、ic responsibility.In Switzerland,companies have the lead in developing the apprentices curriculum.This paper makes abundantly clear,that Swiss companies are also taking on responsibility here in China.Through their skills-based programs,they are contributing towards closing the skills gap and traini

10、ng future talents.Switzerland and China have a lot of reasons to celebrate.The year 2024 marks the 10th anniversary of the Sino-Swiss Free Trade Agreement.Next year,well celebrate 75 years of Sino-Swiss diplomatic relations.This paper not only highlights what Swiss companies already achieved in Chin

11、a in the VPET field(its a lot),I hope that it will also inspire additional meaningful collaborations in the field of Vocational Education and Training.Jrg Burri Ambassador of Switzerland to China 中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 5 China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 From Classroo

12、m to Career:Addressing Skill Needs through Swiss-Chinese Cooperation 從課堂到職場：加強瑞中合作 滿足人才需求 China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 6 I.Executive Summary 一、摘要 This white paper aims to address the pressing issue of skill gaps in the modern workforce by exploring the potential of Swis

13、s-Chinese cooperation in vocational education.With rapid technological advancements and evolving industry demands,there is an urgent need to develop both soft and hard skills among the workforce.The insights gained from industry leaders highlight significant gaps in digital,technical,and soft skills

14、.This paper proposes actionable recommendations for educational institutions,companies,and policymakers to foster effective skills training and collaboration models,ultimately bridging the gap between classroom learning and career readiness.Key recommendations include establishing internships and ap

15、prenticeships,enhancing digital literacy,developing integrated training programs,and strengthening industry-academia cooperation.本白皮書旨在通過探索中瑞職業教育合作的潛力，解決現代勞動力技能缺口這一緊迫問題。隨著技術的快速發展和行業需求的不斷變化，迫切需要培養勞動力的軟技能和硬技能。從行業領導者那里獲得的見解凸顯了在數字、技術和軟技能方面的巨大差距。本文為教育機構、公司和政策制定者提出了可行的建議，以促進有效的技能培訓和合作模式，最終縮小課堂學習與職業準備之間的差距

16、。本白皮書提出的主要建議包括設立實習和學徒制崗位、提高數字素養、制定綜合培訓計劃，以及加強產學合作。中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 7 二、導言 瑞士職業教育與培訓聯盟是由中國瑞士商會、瑞士聯邦政府科技文化中心和瑞士駐華大使館密切合作發起的一項倡議。聯盟的活動包括在中國各地舉辦的職業教育路演以及編制本白皮書。聯盟的工作旨在加強瑞士企業的影響力，提高瑞士職業教育與培訓的認知度，并促成實質性合作。在快節奏和不斷變化的當前經濟環境中，技能提升的重要性不言而喻。隨著各行各業的技術進步，行業對能夠適應新挑戰、能引領創新的技能型勞動力的需求越來越大。職業教育是連接課堂教育和實際應用的重要橋梁，確保學生具備在

17、職場茁壯成長的技能。瑞士的職業技術教育與培訓體系因其與勞動力市場高度關聯、幫助降低青年失業率和優質的技能培訓而備受推崇。這一體系打造了人才終身成長的立交橋，在瑞士具有良好聲譽，經濟效益高，并通過集體治理分擔各方責任。經過幾十年的發展，瑞士職業技術教育與培訓體系不斷適應數字化等新挑戰，并根據瑞士的具體國情不斷發展。雖然瑞士體系無法直接移植到其他國家，但許多瑞士企業均在中國提供技能培訓，此類培訓受到瑞士職業教育與培訓體系的啟發，并根據中國本土情況進行了調整，被稱為“有中國特色的瑞士職業教育。本白皮書探討了瑞士企業如何在中國開展瑞士職業教育與培訓。瑞中兩國在教育領域的合作是滿足瑞士在華企業技能需求的

18、重要一步。在 2022 年第一版瑞中職業教育白皮書的成功基礎之上，本白皮書深入探討了勞動力市場中現存的技能差距，亦探索了瑞中兩國教育機構和企業之間能繼續加強合作的領域。本白皮書的旨在指出目前勞動力市場緊缺的關鍵技能，了解造成這些技能差距的根本原因，并為解決這些問題提供全面的建議。我們的研究方法是與瑞士在華多家著名公司的代表進行深入訪談。這些公司因其在各行各業的卓越表現而廣受認可，他們就公司對員工特定技能的要求、在尋找高技能人才時所面臨的挑戰以及有效培訓方案等方面提供了寶貴的見解。本白皮書首先對技能差距進行了詳細分析，然后提出了針對具體行業的洞察與建議，最后討論了校企合作的有效模式。我們旨在通過

19、這種全面的論述加深對當前職業教育現狀的理解，并提供可行的戰略來縮小技能差距，最終促進學生從課堂到職場的順利過渡。China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 8 II.Introduction The creation of the Swiss VPET(Vocational and Professional Education and Training)Alliance,an initiative of the Swisscham China in close partnership with the Swissnex

20、Network and the Embassy of Switzerland in China,has been pivotal in shaping Swiss-Chinese education cooperation.The alliances activities,including VPET roadshows around China and the publication of this white paper,aim to strengthen the presence of Swiss companies,build up reputation of Swiss VPET a

21、nd promote effective collaboration projects.In todays fast-paced and ever-changing economic landscape,the importance of skills development cannot be overstated.As industries evolve with technological advancements,the demand for a skilled workforce capable of adapting to new challenges and innovation

22、s has become paramount.Vocational education serves as a critical bridge between academic learning and practical application,ensuring that individuals are equipped with the necessary competencies to thrive in their careers.Switzerlands VPET system is highly regarded for its ability to correlate with

23、the labor market,reduce youth unemployment,and produce high-quality training.This system,which is permeable and prestigious,is cost-efficient and features shared responsibility through a collective governance structure.Developed over decades,the Swiss VPET system continues to adapt to new challenges

24、,such as digitalization,and is tailored to Switzerlands specific context.While it cannot be directly transferred to another country,many Swiss companies offer skills-based training in China,inspired by the Swiss VPET system but adapted to the local contextreferred to as Swiss VPET with Chinese chara

25、cteristics.This white paper examines how Swiss VPET is adapted in China by Swiss companies.The collaboration between Switzerland and China in the realm of educational development has been a significant step toward addressing this need.Building on the insights and successes of the 2022 White Paper,th

26、is document delves deeper into the specific skill gaps that exist within the workforce and explores the potential for enhanced cooperation between Swiss and Chinese educational institutions and companies.The primary goal of this white paper is to identify the key skills that are currently lacking,un

27、derstand the underlying reasons for these gaps,and provide comprehensive recommendations to address them.Our approach involved conducting in-depth interviews with representatives from various prominent Swiss companies.These companies,recognized for their excellence in different sectors,provided valu

28、able insights into the specific skills they seek in their employees,the challenges they face in finding adequately skilled personnel,and their perspectives on effective training methodologies.This white paper is structured to first present a detailed skills gap analysis,followed by industry-specific

29、 insights and recommendations,and finally,a discussion on effective business models for collaboration between educational institutions and companies.Through this comprehensive approach,we aim to foster a deeper understanding of the current landscape of vocational education and provide actionable str

30、ategies to bridge the skills gap,ultimately facilitating a smoother transition from classroom to career.Vocational education serves as a critical bridge between academic learning and practical application,ensuring that individuals are equipped with the necessary competencies to thrive in their caree

31、rs.中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 9 在團隊中高效工作的能力至關重要，但員工卻往往缺乏這種能力。團隊合作在幾乎所有職業環境中都是必不可少的，它可以促進協作、創造力和生產力。雇主表示，員工經常在協調工作、分擔責任和支持同事方面遇到困難，這可能會阻礙項目的成功，降低組織的凝聚力。清晰有效的溝通技能是在采訪中反復出現的高頻詞。強大的溝通技能對于傳達想法、解決沖突和建立關系至關重要。然而，許多員工缺乏清晰表達見解、積極傾聽和參與建設性對話的能力。這種缺陷會導致誤解、產生錯誤并降低效率。員工必須具備批判性思維和創新性解決問題的能力。解決問題的能力對于發現問題、提出解決方案和實施戰略至關重要。員工在分析

32、情況、進行創造性思考和做出明智決定方面經常面臨挑戰，從而可能會阻礙創新和進步。技術和行業的快節奏變化需要一支能夠快速適應的員工隊伍。適應性包括對新思想持開放態度、方法靈活、面對變化有韌性。許多員工在適應新技術、新工藝和新市場需求方面舉步維艱，這限制了他們在工作中與時俱進和持續高效工作的能力。領導技能對于推動項目和有效管理團隊非常重要。高效的領導者能夠鼓舞、激勵和引導團隊實現目標。然而，員工在領導能力方面存在著明顯的差距，他們往往缺乏高效能領導所需的自信、遠見和人際交往技巧。三、技能差距分析 從瑞士在華企業處收集到的信息顯示，當前勞動力在軟技能和硬技能方面都存在巨大差距。勞動力技能差距 軟技能

33、團隊合作 溝通技巧 解決問題能力 適應能力 領導能力 China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 10 The ability to work effectively in a team is crucial yet often lacking.Teamwork is essential in almost all professional environments,fostering collaboration,creativity,and productivity.Employees often struggle w

34、ith coordinating efforts,sharing responsibilities,and supporting colleagues,which can hinder project success and organizational cohesion.Clear and effective communication is a recurring theme.Strong communication skills are vital for conveying ideas,resolving conflicts,and building relationships.How

35、ever,many employees lack the ability to articulate their thoughts clearly,listen actively,and engage in constructive dialogue.This deficiency can lead to misunderstandings,errors,and reduced efficiency.The necessity for employees who can think critically and solve problems innovatively is emphasized

36、.Problem-solving skills are critical in identifying issues,generating solutions,and implementing strategies.Employees often face challenges in analyzing situations,thinking creatively,and making informed decisions,which can impede innovation and progress.The fast-paced changes in technology and indu

37、stry require a workforce that can quickly adapt.Adaptability involves being open to new ideas,flexible in approaches,and resilient in the face of change.Many workers struggle to adjust to new technologies,processes,and market demands,limiting their ability to stay relevant and effective in their rol

38、es.Leadership skills are important for driving projects and managing teams effectively.Effective leaders inspire,motivate,and guide their teams towards achieving goals.However,there is a noticeable gap in leadership capabilities,with employees often lacking the confidence,vision,and interpersonal sk

39、ills required to lead effectively.III.Skills Gap Analysis The insights gathered from leading companies reveal significant gaps in both soft and hard skills within the current workforce.Identification of Skills Lacking in the Workforce Teamwork Communi-cation Skills Problem-Solving Adaptability Leade

40、rship Soft Skills 中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 硬技能 技術知識 對自動化、機器人、機械工程和電氣工程等特定技術技能的需求很大。這些技能對于正在進行技術改造的行業至關重要。精通這些領域的工人短缺會阻礙先進技術的應用，限制生產率。例如，在先進工程和制造領域，工人通常需要具備技術圖紙解讀、質量控制、機械加工和制造、電氣工作、機械能力、安全程序、CAD 軟件和裝配等技能。熟練閱讀藍圖、確保質量標準、使用加工工具和遵守安全規則是必不可少的。這些底層技能是在先進制造和工程行業中脫穎而出的基礎。數字化技能 隨著數字化的興起，信息技術、數據分析和數字精密工程方面的技能備受青睞。數字技能包括

41、編碼、數據管理和網絡安全等一系列能力。數字技能方面的差距使企業容易受到網絡威 脅，數據處理效率低下，技術進步滯后。例如，一家企業強調急需數字技能來優化招聘流程，通過數據分析優化勞動力管理，并支持客戶適應數字化轉型。同樣，徠卡測量系統也非常依賴數字技能來創新和整合尖端技術，如用于精密測繪和測量應用的激光雷達和全球定位系統。專業行業技能 烹飪藝術、地理空間數據分析和聽力學等行業需要專業技能，以在細分市場中保持高標準和競爭力。一家烹飪行業公司通過強調使用先進技術和頂級配料制作創新菜肴的專業技能的需求，說明了技術技能的差距。開發這些專業技能不僅能提高客戶吸引力和品牌聲譽，還能確保在不斷變化的市場環境中

42、保持領先。聽力專業技能差距 中國聽力行業存在明顯的專業技能差距，技術人員經常在使用聽力計、進行精確聽力測試、操作耳鏡、制作精確耳模印模 以及為復雜的助聽器編程等基本任務上感到困難。此類技術缺口影響了服務質量、運營效率和客戶滿意度，最終降低了企業的市場競爭力。瑞士等國已經建立聽力學職業和高等教育專業，中國缺乏聽力保健專業人員的系統教育體系。這一缺口對非醫院環境的影響尤為明顯，而大多數聽力服務都是在非醫院環境中提供的，這就迫切需要結構化的技能培訓計劃來提升行業標準，滿足不斷發展的技術需求。維護和維修技能 維護和修理復雜系統的實用技能至關重要。維護和修理技能可延長機械設備的使用壽命并保持其功能。一家

43、在全球運營和維護龐大電梯網絡的企業表示，他們的技術人員必須具備診斷、維修和維護這些系統的實用專業知識，以防止故障并盡可能減少停機時間并確保乘客安全。有效的維護不僅能延長設備的使用壽命，還能降低運營成本，提高垂直運輸解決方案的整體效率。中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 Technical Knowledge There is a significant demand for specific technical skills such as automation,robotics,mechanical engineering,and electrical engineering.These skil

44、ls are critical for industries undergoing technological transformation.The shortage of workers proficient in these areas can hinder the adoption of advanced technologies and limit productivity.For instance,in the advanced engineering and manufacturing sector,workers commonly require skills in techni

45、cal drawing interpretation,quality control,machining and fabrication,electrical work,mechanical aptitude,safety procedures,CAD software,and assembly.Proficiency in reading blueprints,ensuring quality standards,using fabrication tools,and adhering to safety protocols is essential.These shared skills

46、form the foundation needed for effective contributions in advanced manufacturing and engineering environments.Digital Skills With the rise of digitalization,skills in IT,data analysis,and digital precision engineering are highly sought after.Digital skills encompass a range of competencies,including

47、 coding,data management,and cybersecurity.The gap in digital skills leaves organizations vulnerable to cyber threats,inefficient in data handling,and lagging in technological advancements.For example,one organization emphasizes the critical need for digital skills to enhance its recruitment processe

48、s,optimize workforce management through data analytics,and support clients in adapting to digital transformations.Similarly,Leica Geosystems,relies heavily on digital skills to innovate and integrate cutting-edge technologies such as LiDAR and GPS for precision mapping and surveying applications.Spe

49、cialized Industry Skills Industries such as culinary arts,geospatial data analysis,and audiology require specialized skills to uphold high standards and competitiveness in niche markets.A company in the culinary sector illustrates the technical skill gap by highlighting the need for expertise in cre

50、ating innovative dishes with advanced techniques and top-tier ingredients.Developing these specialized skills not only enhances customer appeal and brand reputation but also ensures sustained relevance in a dynamic market landscape.Skill Gaps in Audiology The significant technical skill gaps in Chin

51、as audiology industry are evident as professionals frequently struggle with fundamental tasks such as using audiometers,Hard Skills conducting precise hearing tests,operating otoscopes,making accurate ear mold impressions,and programming sophisticated hearing aids.These deficiencies undermine servic

52、e quality,operational efficiency,and customer satisfaction,ultimately compromising market competitiveness.Unlike countries with established vocational and university training programs in audiology,such as Switzerland,China lacks systematic educational pathways for hearing care professionals.This gap

53、 particularly impacts non-hospital settings,where the majority of hearing services are delivered,highlighting the urgent need for structured skill development initiatives to elevate industry standards and meet evolving technological demands Maintenance and Repair Skills Practical skills in maintaini

54、ng and repairing complex systems are essential.Maintenance and repair skills ensure the longevity and functionality of machinery and equipment.The absence of these skills can lead to increased downtime,higher costs,and reduced operational efficiency.One company particularly pointed out the need for

55、these skills in their workforce.10 中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 課程設置 校內課程設置往往落后于行業發展，使畢業生無法適應現代職場的需求。傳統教育體系注重理論知識，往往忽視實際應用和行業相關性。因此，畢業生在進入職場時沒有掌握必要的技能，無法達到行業標準和期望。技術進步超越教育 快速的技術變革意味著教育機構難以跟上雇主對技能要求的步伐。高速的技術創新使教育目標一直處在變動狀態中，將最新進展及時納入課程也是一個重大挑戰。這種技術與教育的脫節導致勞動力無法掌握最新的技能和知識。徠卡測量系統特別強調了這一點。缺乏實踐培訓機會 學校教育期間的實踐培訓和實際經驗不足，

56、導致勞動力理論知識豐富，但缺乏實際應用技能。實踐培訓對于培養只有積攢足夠多的工作經驗才能獲得的能力至關重要。學術學習與實際操作之間的差距使員工無法勝任工作要求。技能差距的原因分析 造成這些技能差距主要有以下因素 11 China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 14 Analysis of Reasons Behind Skill Gaps Several factors contribute to these skill gaps:Curriculum Shortcomings Educational curricul

57、ums often lag behind industry advancements,leaving graduates unprepared for modern workplace demands.Traditional education systems focus on theoretical knowledge,often neglecting practical application and real-world relevance.As a result,graduates enter the workforce without the necessary skills to

58、meet industry standards and expectations.Technological Advancements Outpacing Education Rapid technological changes mean that educational institutions struggle to keep pace with the skills required by employers.The speed of technological innovation creates a moving target for educational programs,ma

59、king it challenging to incorporate the latest advancements into curricula.This disconnect leads to a workforce that is not equipped with the most current skills and knowledge.Leica Geosystems highlighted this challenge.Lack of Practical Training Opportunities Insufficient hands-on training and real-

60、world experience during education result in a workforce that is theoretically knowledgeable but lacks practical application skills.Practical training is crucial for developing competencies that can only be acquired through experience.The gap between academic learning and practical implementation lea

61、ves employees unprepared for the demands of their roles.中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 15 數字技能 熟練掌握人工智能 和高科技技能 隨著各行各業日益數字化，熟練掌握人工智能和其他高科技技能至關重要。這些技能使員工能夠開發、實施和管理先進的技術解決方案，推動創新和提高效率。數據分析和 IT 技能 管理和分析海量數據的能力至關重要。數據分析技能使組織能夠做出明智的決策、優化運營和發現新機遇。IT技能對于維護技術基礎設施的穩定和安全必不可少。較強的溝通能力 有效的溝通能促進清晰、高效的信息交流。強大的溝通技能使員工能夠表達想法、與同事合作、與

62、利益相關者接洽，從而提高組織的整體績效。技能需求企業洞察 行業領導者會優先考慮員工的軟技 能和 硬技 能綜 合 實力。他們非常重視自動化、數字技術和特定行業技術等特定領域的專業技術能力。團隊合作、溝通、領導力和適應能 力等 軟技 能同 樣 重要，這些軟技能對于員工在動態工作環境中有效協作和解決問題起到關鍵作用。軟技能 較強的解決問題 和批判性思維能力 較強的解決問題和批判性思維能力對于應對復雜的挑戰至關重要。這些技能涉及分析情況、評估選項和制定有效的解決方案。這些技能對于促進創新、改進流程和實現戰略目標至關重要。未來發展所需的技能 為了彌補這些技能差距并為未來的行業增長做好準備 以下技能必不可

63、少 特定行業技能 根據醫療保健、制造業和智慧城市等行業的需求量身定制的特定行業技能至關重要。這些技能可確保員工能夠滿足其所在行業的獨特需求，保持高標準，并為行業增長和創新做出貢獻。專業技術技能 尖端技術知識 自動化、機器人和精密工程等領域的高級技術知識對于推動技術進步至關重要。這些技能使員工能夠設計、實施和管理復雜的系統和流程。China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 16 Required Skills for Future Development To address these gaps and prepare

64、for future industry growth,the following skills are deemed essential:Digital Skills Proficiency in Artificial Intelligence and High-Tech Skills As industries become increasingly digitized,proficiency in AI and other high-tech skills is critical.These skills enable employees to develop,implement,and

65、manage advanced technological solutions,driving innovation and efficiency.Data Analysis and IT Skills The ability to manage and interpret vast amounts of data is essential.Data analysis skills enable organizations to make informed decisions,optimize operations,and identify new opportunities.IT skill

66、s are necessary for maintaining robust and secure technological infrastructures.Soft Skills Enhanced Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking Enhanced problem-solving and critical thinking abilities are vital for navigating complex challenges.These skills involve analyzing situations,evaluating options

67、,and devising effective solutions.They are crucial for fostering innovation,improving processes,and achieving strategic goals.Strong Communication Skills Effective communication facilitates clear and efficient information exchange.Strong communication skills enable employees to articulate ideas,coll

68、aborate with colleagues,and engage with stakeholders,enhancing overall organizational performance.Specialized Technical Skills Advanced Technical Knowledge Advanced technical knowledge in fields such as automation,robotics,and precision engineering is essential for driving technological advancements

69、.These skills enable employees to design,implement,and manage sophisticated systems and processes.Industry-Specific Skills Industry-specific skills tailored to the needs of sectors like healthcare,manufacturing,and smart cities are crucial.These skills ensure that employees can meet the unique deman

70、ds of their industries,maintain high standards,and contribute to sectoral growth and innovation.Insights on Desired Skills Industry leaders prioritize a combination of soft and hard skills in their employees.There is a strong emphasis on technical proficiency in specific areas such as automation,dig

71、ital technologies,and industry-specific technical skills.Equally important are soft skills such as teamwork,communication,leadership,and adaptability,which are crucial for effective collaboration and problem-solving in a dynamic work environment.中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 17 IV.Industry Perspectives and Recomme

72、ndations The interviews provided a wealth of insights into the skills required by modern industries and the challenges faced in acquiring these skills.Here,we summarize the key findings,identify common themes,and provide recommendations for improving skills training in educational institutions.四、行業洞

73、察與建議 通過訪談，我們深入了解了現代企業所需的技能以及企業在招聘技能人才時所面臨的挑戰。在此，我們總結了 主要調查結果，找出了企業們共同的洞察，并為改進教育機構的技能培訓提出了建議。China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 18 Key Findings from Interviews Across various industries,there is a consistent demand for a blend of technical and soft skills.Companies emphasize t

74、he need for specialized technical knowledge in fields relevant to their operations,coupled with strong interpersonal skills.The rapid pace of technological change has created a gap in digital skills,necessitating enhanced training programs to equip the workforce with the necessary competencies.Throu

75、ghout the interview,it was noted that skills in automation and robotics are deemed essential for operations in industrial automation.The importance of digital skills,particularly in data analysis and IT,was emphasized to address the demands of a rapidly digitizing job market.Additionally,technical k

76、nowledge in elevator technology and electrical engineering was identified as vital for maintaining and innovating products and services.訪談的主要結論 各行各業對技術和軟技能的融合有著一致的需求。企業強調人才需要擁有與業務相關領域的專業技術知識，同時還要有很強的人際交往能力?？焖俚募夹g變革造成了數字技能方面的差距，因此企業有必要加強培訓計劃，使員工具備必要的能力。整個訪談過程中，受訪人普遍認為自動化和機器人技術方面的技能是工業自動化運營中必不可少的。數字化技能

77、，特別是數據分析和信息技術方面的技能，對于滿足快速數字化的就業市場需求的重要性得到了強調。此外，電梯技術和電氣工程方面的技術知識對于產品和服務的維護和創新也至關重要。中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 19 各行業共同關注的 硬 技 能 a.自動化與機器人技能（工業自動化與制造）技術知識：對自動化、機器人、機械工程和電氣工程方面的技能需求很大。這些能力對于開發和維護制造業和工業自動化領域的先進系統至關重要。一位受訪人員表示這些技能在其機器人和自動化行業極其重要，著重說明了人才短缺會如何阻礙技術進步和生產力的提高。b.數字技能（信息技術和數據驅動型產業）數字能力：信息技術、數據分析、網絡安全和數字精密

78、工程方面的技能越來越重要。這些技能使組織能夠有效地管理數據，防范網絡威脅，并利用技術提高運營效率。德克集團及徠卡測量系統強調，要跟上就業市場和行業快速數字化轉型的步伐，就必須掌握數字化技能。c.特定行業的技術技能（醫療保健、地理空間、聽力學）專業知識：特定行業的技能至關重要，如醫療保健技術、地理空間數據分析和聽力學方面的技能。這些技能確保企業在細分市場維持高標準和高水平創新。一家企業強調了聽力學專業技能在保持聽力解決方案的質量并推動創新上的重要性。d.維護和修理技能（工程和技術服務）實際專業知識：維護和修理復雜系統的技能對于確保設備的運行效率和使用壽命至關重要。一家企業指出了維護技能在確保電梯

79、系統可靠性和安全性方面的重要性。e.烹飪藝術（酒店與餐飲業）烹飪技能烹飪技能：專業烹飪技能對于食品行業的創新和卓越至關重要。該專業強調先進的烹飪技術和知識，將瑞士的職業教育與當地的技能培訓相結合，以解決烹飪和酒店業的人才缺口。China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 20 a.Automation and Robotics(Industrial Automation and Manufacturing)Technical Knowledge:There is a significant demand for skill

80、s in automation,robotics,mechanical engineering,and electrical engineering.These competencies are crucial for the development and maintenance of advanced systems in manufacturing and industrial automation.One example underscores the importance of these skills in robotic and automation systems,highli

81、ghting how a shortage can hinder technological advancements and productivity.b.Digital Skills(Information Technology and Data-Driven Industries)Digital Proficiency:Skills in IT,data analysis,cybersecurity,and digital precision engineering are increasingly vital.These skills enable organizations to m

82、anage data effectively,protect against cyber threats,and leverage technology for operational efficiency.Adecco and Leica Geosystems emphasize the necessity of digital skills to keep pace with the rapid digital transformation in the job market and industry.c.Industry-Specific Technical Skills(Healthc

83、are,Geospatial,Audiology)Specialized Knowledge:Industry-specific skills such as those in healthcare technology,geospatial data analysis,and audiology are critical.These skills ensure high standards and innovation in niche markets.For instance,the need for specialized skills in audiology is highlight

84、ed to maintain quality and drive innovation in hearing solutions.d.Maintenance and Repair Skills(Engineering and Technical Services)Practical Expertise:Skills in maintaining and repairing complex systems are essential to ensure operational efficiency and longevity of equipment.One company points out

85、 the importance of maintenance skills in ensuring the reliability and safety of their elevator systems.e.Culinary Arts(Hospitality and Food Industry)Culinary Expertise:Specialized culinary skills are vital for innovation and excellence in the food industry.Advanced culinary techniques and knowledge

86、are emphasized,with programs blending Swiss vocational education with local practical training to address skill gaps in the culinary and hospitality industry.Common Themes Across Industries 中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 21 各行業共同關注的軟技能 團隊合作：有效的團隊合作對于協作、創造力和生產力至關重要。各行各業都需要能夠協調工作、分擔責任和支持同事的員工。ABB 及徠卡測量系統提到，團隊在實現凝聚力方面

87、存在挑戰，并且影響了項目的成功推進。溝通技巧：清晰的溝通對于交流思想、解決沖突和建立關系至關重要。溝通不暢可能導致誤解、降低效率。解決問題：批判性思考和解決問題的能力對于創新和進步至關重要。部分受訪企業強調需要能夠分析情況并制定有效解決方案的員工。適應性：員工需要快速適應技術變革和市場需求。受訪企業強調，適應性是在快速發展的行業中保持競爭力的關鍵。領導能力：員工需要有很強的領導能力，才能有效地推動項目和管理團隊。部分受訪企業提出，員工的領導能力存在明顯差距，影響了團隊績效和項目成果。China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 20

88、24 22 Soft Skills Across All Industries Teamwork Effective teamwork is crucial for collaboration,creativity,and productivity.Industries require employees who can coordinate efforts,share responsibilities,and support colleagues.ABB and Leica Geosystems note challenges in achieving cohesive teamwork,i

89、mpacting project success.Communication Skills Clear communication is essential for idea exchange,conflict resolution,and relationship building.Poor communication can lead to misunderstandings and inefficiencies.Problem-Solving The ability to think critically and solve problems is vital for innovatio

90、n and progress.There is a stress on the need for employees who can analyze situations and devise effective solutions.Adaptability Workers need to adapt quickly to technological changes and market demands.Adaptability is highlighted as crucial for staying relevant in fast-evolving industries.Leadersh

91、ip Strong leadership skills are needed to drive projects and manage teams effectively.A noticeable gap in leadership capabilities is often pointed out,affecting team performance and project outcomes.中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 23 China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 24 講習班班和研討會：組織專題講習班和研討會，

92、重點關注具體的行業挑戰和新興趨勢。Integrated Training Programs:Develop integrated training programs that combine academic learning with practical experience.For instance,a mechanical engineering program could include a dedicated module on the application of AI in predictive maintenance.Collaborate with leading tech

93、companies to provide students with access to cutting-edge tools and software,ensuring they are well-versed in the latest industry innovations.制定綜合培訓計劃：制定綜合培訓計劃，將課堂學習與實踐經驗相結合。例如，機械工程課程可以加入一個關于人工智能在預測性維護中的應用的專門模塊。學?？膳c領先的科技公司合作，為學生提供使用尖端工具和軟件的機會，確保他們熟練使用最新的行業創新解決方案。Industry-Academia Collaboration:Estab

94、lish long-term strategic partnerships between educational institutions and key industry players.Implement a co-teaching model where industry experts are embedded within academic departments to provide ongoing mentorship and industry-specific training.Regularly update curricula based on feedback from

95、 industry partners to ensure alignment with current market demands and technological advancements.產學合作：教育機構和主要行業參與者之間應建立長期戰略合作伙伴關系，實施合作教學模式，將行業專家邀請至課堂參與教學，提供持續的指導和針對行業的培訓。學?？筛鶕袠I合作伙伴的反饋定期更新課程，確保專業設置與當前的市場需求和技術進步保持一致。Recommendations for Improving Skills Training in Schools 關于改進學校技能培訓的建議 Internships a

96、nd Apprenticeships:Introduce rotational internship programs that allow students to gain experience in multiple departments within a single company or across different companies within the same industry.This approach helps students develop a more comprehensive understanding of the business operations

97、 and identify their areas of interest.Additionally,create a robust mentorship program where each intern is paired with a senior industry professional who provides guidance and career advice throughout the internship.實習和學徒：引入輪崗實習計劃，讓學生在一家公司的多個部門或同一行業的不同公司獲得工作經驗。這種方法有助于學生更全面地了解企業運營情況，并確定自己感興趣的領域。此外，學校

98、可創建強有力的導師計劃，讓每位實習生與一位資深行業專業人士結成師徒關系，由導師在整個實習期間位實習生提供指導和職業建議。Workshops and Seminars:Organize thematic workshops and seminars focusing on specific industry challenges and emerging trends.For example,a series of workshops on sustainable practices in manufacturing can include hands-on activities,case st

99、udies,and guest speakers from companies leading in sustainability.These events should be interactive,encouraging students to engage in problem-solving activities and apply theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios.講習班班和研討會：組織專題講習班和研討會，重點關注具體的行業挑戰和新興趨勢。例如，關于制造業可持續發展實踐的系列研討會可包括實踐活動、案例研討、邀請來自可持續發展領

100、域領先企業的發言人報告等活動。這些活動應具有互動性，鼓勵學生參與解決問題的活動，并將理論知識應用到實際場景中。中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 25 為學校提供設備：企業可以向教育機構提供機械設備，讓學生在符合行業標準的設備上學習。例如，一家制造公司可以向一所技術院校捐贈提供先進的機械和自動化設備，使學生能夠親身體驗最新的設備。聯合培訓計劃：教育機構和企業可以制定聯合培訓計劃，提供符合行業標準的專業課程和培訓。例如，一家醫療保健公司可以與一所醫學院合作，開發有關先進醫療設備使用的培訓項目，確保學生做好充分準備，滿足醫療衛生行業的需求。實習和學徒：公司可以提供實習和學徒機會，為學生提供實踐經驗和實用

101、技能。例如，科技公司可以提供實習機會，讓學生參與實際項目，獲得寶貴的經驗，培養直接適用于未來職業的技能。五、合作模式：校企合作的有效模式 現有合作模式概述 教育機構與企業之間的有效合作模式包括：China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 26 Overview of Existing Business Models for Collaboration Effective collaboration models between educational institutions and companies include:

102、Providing Equipment to Schools:Companies can supply machinery and equipment to educational institutions,allowing students to learn on industry-standard tools.For example,a manufacturing company could donate or provide advanced machinery and automatic equipment to a technical school,enabling students

103、 to gain hands-on experience with the latest technology.Joint Training Programs:Educational institutions and companies can develop joint training programs to offer specialized courses and training that meet industry standards.For instance,a healthcare company could collaborate with a medical school

104、to develop a training program on the use of advanced medical equipment,ensuring that students are well-prepared for the demands of the healthcare industry.Internships and Apprenticeships:Companies can offer internships and apprenticeships to provide students with hands-on experience and practical sk

105、ills.For example,a tech company could offer internships where students work on real projects,gaining valuable experience and developing skills that are directly applicable to their future careers.V.Business Models:Collaboration between Institutions and Companies 中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 27 校企合作的收益 教育機構 獲得先進技術

106、 學?？色@得最新的行業技術和設備。這樣，學生可以學習他們在未來職場中將會用到的工具和系統，為就業做好更充分的準備。強化課程設置 校企合作可幫助學校開發符合行業需求的課程。這可確保學生學習到與所選領域最相關的技能和知識。真實職場體驗 學生從實踐培訓和真實的行業場景中獲益。這有助于他們發展實用技能，獲得寶貴經驗，從而提高就業能力。企業 建設人才梯隊 公司可以培養熟悉其技術和流程的熟練工人。這有助于解決技能短缺問題，確保公司留存成功所需的人才。促進創新和研發 與教育機構的合作可以推動創新和研發。例如，聯合研究項目可以開發新技術和新工藝，使公司和學術機構都能從中受益。企業社會責任 通過投資教育，公司可

107、為社會發展做出貢獻，并履行其企業社會責任。這可以提高公司的聲譽，加強與利益相關方的聯系。China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 28 For Companies:Talent Pipeline:Companies can develop a pipeline of skilled workers who are familiar with their technologies and processes.This can help to address skill shortages and ensure that

108、companies have access to the talent they need to succeed.Innovation and R&D:Collaboration with educational institutions can drive innovation and research and development.For example,joint research projects can lead to the development of new technologies and processes that benefit both the company an

109、d the academic institution.Corporate Social Responsibility:By investing in education,companies contribute to societal development and fulfill their corporate social responsibilities.This can enhance the companys reputation and strengthen its relationships with stakeholders.For Institutions:Access to

110、 Advanced Technology:Schools gain access to the latest industry technology and equipment.This allows students to learn on the tools and systems they will use in their careers,enhancing their readiness for the workforce.Enhanced Curriculum:Collaboration helps schools develop curricula that are aligne

111、d with industry needs.This ensures that students are learning the skills and knowledge that are most relevant to their chosen fields.Real-World Experience:Students benefit from hands-on training and exposure to real-world industry scenarios.This helps them to develop practical skills and gain valuab

112、le experience that can improve their employability.Benefits of Collaborations 中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 29 實例：企業與職業學校的聯合培訓 一家全球領先的電梯和自動扶梯企業與職業學校合作開發了一項綜合培訓計劃。該計劃將企業的特定技術要求和安全協議融入課程，確保學生為進入該行業做好充分準備。例如，合作學校的學生會接受有關迅達產品和操作標準的培訓，其中包括獲得國家要求從業人員獲得的特種設備作業人員資格證書。企業將技能等級做了分級（黃帶、綠帶、紅帶、黑帶），以系統地提高學員的技術和安全技能。實例：與瑞士知識合作伙伴的

113、合作 一家瑞士公司與瑞士某知識合作伙伴以及瑞士廚師協會合作，通過教學平臺和實踐課程，采用線上及線下相結合的方式提供結構化烹飪培訓計劃。學員可根據自己的時間，在家中舒適地學習大部分內容，具有很高的靈活性。面授課程由 GSL 認證廚師 Danny Feng、Evo Ni 在中國上海授課。這為學員在行業專家的親自指導下提高技能提供了獨一無二的機會。實例：企業實習項目 一家全球領先的瑞士工業技術企業在中國各地開展實習項目，為學生提供機器人和電氣工程方面的實踐經驗。該企業的實習項目不僅注重提供技術技能培養，還幫助學生取得國家權威機構認可的職業技能資格認證。該企業已與 500 多所院校合作，將機器人和電氣

114、課程納入課程設置，確保學生獲得直接應用于行業的實用技能。實例：繼續教育培訓 某瑞士企業采用雙軌制培訓策略，同時開展校內培訓和畢業后繼續教育。企業與學校合作，為學生提供該企業先進加工設備的現場實操培訓。學生畢業進入企業之后，企業每月繼續面向員工開展培訓課程，確保他們掌握最新的技術和工藝。這種雙管齊下的方法有助于縮小課堂學習與行業要求之間的差距，確保培養出一支技術過硬、能力出眾的員工隊伍隊伍。實習和學徒 事實證明，提供實習和學徒機會是企業培訓未來員工的有效途徑。這些人才計劃不僅為學生提供實踐經驗，也可幫助企業發現和招聘優秀人才。聯合培訓計劃 通過校企合作培訓開發出符合行業標準的專業課程。實例：徠卡

115、測量系統與高校的合作 隸屬?？怂箍档膹瓶y量系統與院校合作，將其先進的測量和地理空間技術融入學術項目中。具體合作包括建立聯合實驗室和使用企業設備提供實踐培訓。學生們可以親身體驗最先進的工具，確保他們在畢業時能夠熟練掌握最新的行業技術，從而在就業市場提升競爭力。成功案例研究 China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 30 Case Studies of Successful Collaborations Example:Collaborative Training with Vocational Schools A le

116、ading Swiss elevator and escalator company has developed a comprehensive training program in collaboration with vocational schools.This program integrates theirs specific technical requirements and safety protocols into the curriculum,ensuring that students are well-prepared for the industry.For ins

117、tance,students at partner schools receive training on the companys products and operational standards,which includes obtaining the necessary state-required special operation certificates.The company defines different skill levels(yellow belt,green belt,red belt,black belt)to systematically enhance t

118、he technical and safety skills of the trainees.Example:Leicas College Collaboration Leica Geosystems,a part of Hexagon,collaborates with colleges to integrate their advanced measurement and geospatial technologies into academic programs.These partnerships include setting up joint laboratories and pr

119、oviding practical training using the companys equipment.Students benefit from hands-on experience with state-of-the-art tools,which enhances their employability and ensures they are proficient in the latest industry technologies upon graduation.Example:Partnership with a Swiss knowledge provider One

120、 Swiss company,in partnership with Global Swiss Learning and the Swiss Chefs Association,employs a structured culinary training program delivered both online and in-person,through a teaching platform and practical sessions.Offering complete flexibility,participants can study most of the material fro

121、m the comfort of their own homes,tailoring the learning to their schedules.The in-person sessions are conducted by GSL-certified chefs Danny Feng and Evo Ni in Shanghai,China.This provides a unique opportunity for participants to enhance their skills under the personal guidance of industry experts.E

122、xample:Internship Programs A global leader in industrial technology offers extensive internship programs across China.These programs are designed to provide students with hands-on experience in robotics and electrical engineering.The trainees not only focus on technical skills but also include certi

123、fications recognized by national authorities.For example,the company has partnered with over 500 schools to incorporate their robotic and electrical courses into the curriculum,ensuring that students gain practical skills directly applicable in the industry.Example:Continuous Training One company im

124、plements a dual approach to training,offering both in-school training programs and post-graduation continuous education.The company collaborates with schools to provide students with practical,on-site training on advanced machining equipment.Post-graduation,the company continues to offer monthly tra

125、ining sessions to employees to ensure they stay updated with the latest technologies and processes.This dual approach helps bridge the gap between academic knowledge and industry requirements,ensuring a skilled and competent workforce.Joint Training Programs:Collaborative training programs between e

126、ducational institutions and companies have resulted in the development of specialized courses that meet industry standards.Internships and Apprenticeships:Offering internships and apprenticeships has proven to be an effective way for companies to train future employees.These programs provide student

127、s with practical experience and help companies identify and recruit talented individuals.中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 31 六、結論 本白皮書強調了現代企業對軟技能和硬技能的迫切需求，并強調了瑞中合作在解決這些技能差距方面的重要性。通過促進教育機構與企業之間的合作，我們可以創建一個強大的生態系統，幫助學生獲得在職場中茁壯成長的必要能力。通過采納這些建議，學校和企業可以更好地讓學生做好準備，培養終身學習、不斷適應職場的文化。這種方法不僅有利于學生個人的職業發展，還能支持中國更廣泛的經濟增長和創新。關鍵建議清

128、單：提高數字素養 將數字技能培訓納入各級教育。與科技公司合作，提供使用最新數字工具和軟件的機會。舉辦以新興數字技術為重點的講習班和研討會。提供更多的實際培訓機會 建立實習和學徒制度，提供相關行業的實踐經驗。制定輪崗實習計劃，讓學生接觸不同的部門和角色。與行業合作，確保培訓計劃符合當前的市場需求。制定綜合培訓計劃 創建專門的培訓模塊，將學術學習與實際應用相結合。與行業專家合作，共同開發包含真實場景的課程。實施雙師教學模式，由教育工作者和行業專業人員共同開展教學。China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 32 VI.Con

129、clusion In conclusion,this white paper highlights the critical need for both soft and hard skills in the modern workforce and underscores the importance of Swiss-Chinese cooperation in addressing these skill gaps.By fostering collaboration between educational institutions and companies,we can create

130、 a robust system that equips students with the necessary competencies to thrive in their careers.Enhance Digital Literacy:Incorporate digital skills training into all levels of education.Partner with tech companies to provide access to the latest digital tools and software.Offer workshops and semina

131、rs focused on emerging digital technologies.Provide More Practical Training Opportunities:Establish internships and apprenticeships that offer hands-on experience in relevant industries.Develop rotational internship programs to expose students to various departments and roles.Collaborate with indust

132、ry partners to ensure training programs meet current market demands.Develop Integrated Training Programs:Create specialized training modules that combine academic learning with practical applications.Partner with industry experts to co-develop curricula that include real-world scenarios.Implement co

133、-teaching models where educators and industry professionals jointly deliver training.Key Recommendations Checklist By following these recommendations,we can better prepare students for the demands of the modern workforce,fostering a culture of continuous learning and adaptability.This approach not o

134、nly benefits individual career development but also supports broader economic growth and innovation.中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 33 Acknowledgment 特別鳴謝 VPET Committee:職業教育委員會：Creative partner:創意合作伙伴：Interviewed company:受訪企業：China-Switzerland White Paper on Vocational Education 2024 34 Legal statementLegal stateme

135、nt This report is produced by Swisscham China in partnership with swissnex in China.All information and data are from legal and compliant channels and are protected by law.For the text,data and pictures from public information sources used in this report,the copyright belongs to the original author.

136、This report is only for reference,and the authors pursue accuracy and timeliness as far as possible for the contents therein.The information therein does not constitute investment advice to any institution or individual under any circumstances,and does not assume legal responsibility.The authors res

137、erve the right to pursue legal responsibility for any institution or individual who cites or misappropriates the contents of this report without citing the source or infringes the authors copyright in any other way.法律聲明 本報告由瑞士中國商會和瑞士聯邦政府科技文化中心聯合制作。所有信息數據均來自合法合規渠道，收到法律保護，對于本報告所使用來自公開信息的文字、數據、圖片，其版權歸原著者所有。本報告僅作為市場參考資料，作者對其中的內容盡可能追求準確性與時效性，其中的信息在任何情況下不構成對任何機構和個人的投資建議，且不承擔法律責任。任何機構或個人不注明出處引用、盜用本報告的內容，或用其他方式侵犯作者版權的行為，作者將保留追究法律責任的權利。中瑞職業教育白皮書 2024 35