適用于12V電源系統的具有電荷匯聚相降低電感電流的高密度混合降壓轉換器.pdf

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1、A High-Density Hybrid Buck Converter with a Charge Converging Phase Reducing Inductor Current for 12V Power Supply SystemsYichao Ji,Ji Jin,Lin ChengUniversity of Science and Technology of China,Hefei,ChinaMotivationCPU/GPUPoint of load1VMemory1.8V12VMotherboard12V-to-1V ConverterInput/Flying Capacit

2、or.DDR5.Requirements:High voltage conversion ratio High efficiency High current density 12V system is widely used in industrial and automotive applications Inductors occupy the most area,leading to low current densityImages from InternetPortable DevicesAutomotive ElectronicsData CenterIndustrial Aut

3、omation12V RailConventional Buck ConverterVINLCOIOVOS1S2DCR:VIN High-voltage device(high FoM)and high power loss High inductor current and large DCR conduction loss0481216202424681012FoM(mnC)Drain-Source Voltage(V)FoM=RONQG1.8V5V9V12V6V0.18m BCD processVOVINLCF+QL2VINLCFQC+Phase 1Phase 2QC=QL1QL1VOQ

4、L=QL1+QL2=ILTVOVINQC=ILDT or IL(1 D)TQO=IOTLCFEquivalent Charge Breakdown in One T C-Path L-Path QO1QO2Dual-Path Buck ConvertersILIO=QLQO=QLQL+QC=11+Dor12D00.20.40.60.810.20.40.60.81.0D or(1-D)0.30.50.70.9ILIO 1CF QCdependent on D and modest ILreduction Phase 1:CFalong with VOis soft charged by L wi

5、th a QCof ILDT or IL(1D)T Phase 2:QCis transferred to the output in parallel with L realizing ILreductionDual-Path Buck ConvertersILIO=QLQL+QC1+QC2=11+2Dor132Dor1200.20.40.60.810.20.40.60.81.0D or(1-D)0.30.50.70.9ILIO 1CF 2CF_2 2CF_1VOVINPhase 1LCF1CF2+QC2QC1=QL1QL1VOVINLCF2CF1+QC1QC2=QL2QL2QC1=ILDT

6、,QC2=IL(1 D)TPhase 2VOVINPhase 1LCF1CF2+QC2QC1=QL1QL1VOVINPhase 2LCF2+QC2=QC1QL2QC1=QC2=ILDTCF1orG.Cai,ISSCC22J.Ko,VLSI21QL=ILTVOVINQCi=ILDT or IL(1 D)TQO=IOTLCF1CF2(i=1,2)QC1QC2C-Path L-Path Equivalent Charge Breakdown in One T Case 1Case 2 By applying 2 CFs,ILis further reduced.Each QCis dependent

7、 on D and still limited to ILDT or IL(1D)TProposed Charge Converging PhaseILIO=QLQL+QC+QCC=12+Dor13D00.20.40.60.810.20.40.60.81.0D or(1-D)0.30.50.70.950%33%ILIO 1CF 2CF_2 2CF_1 2CF with Charge Converging PhaseImage from InternetQCQLQCC(Trunk Stream)VINVOLCFCFCC+QCCQC=QL1QL1Phase 1VINPhase 2CFCC+QCC=

8、QC+QL2LCF+QCQL2QO1QO2QL=QL1+QL2=ILTVOVINQC=ILDT or IL(1 D)TQO=IOTLCFCFCCQCQCCC-Path L-Path Equivalent Charge Breakdown in One T QCC=ILT Phase 1:CFand VOare charged by L while QCCgets transferred to VO Phase 2:By reusing QC,CFCCand VOare charged simultaneously by L and CFProposed Charge Converging Ph

9、aseILIO=QLQL+QC+QCC=12+Dor13D00.20.40.60.810.20.40.60.81.0D or(1-D)0.30.50.70.950%33%ILIO 1CF 2CF_2 2CF_1 2CF with Charge Converging PhaseImage from InternetQCQLQCC(Trunk Stream)VINVOLCFCFCC+QCCQC=QL1QL1Phase 1VINPhase 2CFCC+QCC=QC+QL2LCF+QCQL2QO1QO2QL=QL1+QL2=ILTVOVINQC=ILDT or IL(1 D)TQO=IOTLCFCFC

10、CQCQCCC-Path L-Path Equivalent Charge Breakdown in One T QCC=ILT The charge from CFCC(QCC)is increased to ILT and is independent on D ILis reduced to always 0.5 IO across D rangeCF1VINSH1SH4SL1SL2SL4SL3LCF2CF3CFCCCOIOSH2SH3VOVSW1VSW2VSW5VSW6VSW3VSW4LVIN+CFCCVOSL3SL1Charge Converging Phase Switched-C

11、apacitor Network(CF1,CF2,CF3)Proposed Hybrid Buck Converter 1 inductor,4 flying capacitors&8 switchesCF1,CF2and CF3are stacked Reducing voltage stress of switches All switches implemented by 5V/1.8V devicesL,CF3,CFCCform charge converging phase Average inductor current always 0.5IO Reducing DCR Cond

12、uction Loss Relieving reliance on a bulky inductorHigher efficiencyHigher current density2:(1-D)TCF1,F3,FCC chargedCF2 dischargedL de-energizedCF1,F3,FCC dischargedCF2 chargedL energized1:DT+CF1VINSH1SL1SL3LCF2CF3CFCCCOIOSH3VOVSW4VF1VF2VF3VFCC+CF1VINSH4SL2SL4LCF2CF3CFCCCOIOSH2VOVSW4VF1VF2VF3VFCC12tI

13、LtVSW42VO12(VIN 5VO)/2QCC=ILTWorking PrincipleILIO=24+DVOVIN=D4+DCharge Converging PhaseNormalized Inductor Current(Single-Inductor Topology)VO(V)0.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.00.60.81.01.21.41.61.8IL/IOIL is reduced to always 64mm34mm3(2016 Series)410mm3(2520 Series)2764mm3 The average inductor current is

14、 consistently reduced to 0.5IO For 5A load capacity,2016-series inductors(30%Isat3A)can be adoptedChip Micrograph and PCB PhotoSelection of CapacitorsSelection of InductorsComponentInductance(DCR)Isat(30%)SizeL(Plan A)1H(10.5m)6.7A4.242.1mm3L(Plan B)1H(57m)3.6A21.61mm3ComponentNominal ValueFootprint

15、(Size)CIN,CF1,CF2,CF310F0603(1.60.80.8mm3)CFCC,CO22FSelection of CapacitorsSelection of InductorsComponentInductance(DCR)Isat(30%)SizeL(Plan A)1H(10.5m)6.7A4.242.1mm3L(Plan B)1H(57m)3.6A21.61mm3ComponentNominal ValueFootprint(Size)CIN,CF1,CF2,CF310F0603(1.60.80.8mm3)CFCC,CO22F0.18m BCD processChip a

16、rea:2.5mm2mmFSW:1MHzVIN:12VVO:1V-1.8VTwo testing plans(Bulky&compact inductors)Steady state:the average ILshowing a reduction of 55%Load transient(2A/200ns):verifying the stability of the converterMeasurement ResultsPeak Efficiency vs.VO828486889092949698 Peak Efficiency(%)VO(V)0.60.81.01.21.41.61.8

17、3 ISSCC231 ISSCC204 ISSCC235 ISSCC236 ISSCC23This work(B)This work(A)2 ISSCC22Efficiency vs.Current DensityHighest EfficiencyHighest Current Density101001000Current Density(A/cm3)74788286909498Efficiency(%)3 VCR=10.91 VCR=124 VCR=125 VCR=106 VCR=10This work(B)VCR=8.6This work(A)VCR=8.6 High peak eff

18、iciency across a wide VOrange Highest efficiency or highest current density with an appropriate inductor Measurement ResultsCompact Inductor AdoptedISSCC 20234ISSCC 20236This work(B)0.18m BCD0.18m BCD0.18m BCD2L4PHBReSC-PLCCP-HB12V 1-1.8V12V 0.6-1.2V12V 1-1.8V4A5A5A2L 3C 8S1L 4C 12S1L 4C 8S21H1H1H20

19、%40%55%2.521mm3(48m)2.521.2mm3(N.A.)2 1.6 1mm3(57m)93.7%1.8V89%1V91.8%1V91.3%1.2V(c)94.7%1.6V92.9%1.2V85.3%1V,4A81%1.2V,5A(c)82.1%1.2V,5A15.17mm314.3mm37.3mm3264A/cm3350A/cm3685A/cm3Bulky Inductor AdoptedPublicationISSCC 20201ISSCC 20222ISSCC 20233ISSCC20235This work(A)Technology0.18m BCD0.18m BCD0.

20、18m BCD0.18m BCD0.18m BCDTopologyTri-State DSDDSDSC BuckDPSCCCP-HBNominal VIN VO12V/24V 1V12V/24V 1V12V 1.1V9-16V 0.6-1.6V12V 1-1.8VMax.Load Current3A4A4A5A5AComponents(a)2L 2C 7S2L 1C 4S1L 4C 6S1L 4C 8S1L 4C 8SInductor20.56H21.8H0.22H0.68H1HILReduction(b)VCR=100%0%0%20%55%Inductor Size(DCR)6.66.4N.

21、A.(c)mm3(N.A.)N.A.3.22.51.2mm3(6m)6.66.4N.A.(c)mm3(N.A.)4.2 4 2.1mm3(10.5m)Peak Efficiency VO(VIN=12V)91.2%1V89%1.2V(c)90%1.1V94.5%1.2V95.4%1.6V93.7%1.2VEfficiency IO_max75%1V,3A(c)87%1.2V,4A(c)83.8%1.1V,4A82%1.2V,5A84.8%1.2V,5ATotal Passive Volume(d)168.96mm3(e)N.A.22.1mm384.48mm3(e)39.38mm3Current

22、 Density18A/cm3N.A.181A/cm359A/cm3127A/cm3(a)Number of inductors(L),flying capacitors(C),switches(S)adopted in the topology.(b)ILReduction=(IO/NIL)/(IO/N),where N is the number of inductors.(c)Estimated from graph.(d)Counts flying capacitors and inductors.(e)Counts inductors only,and the height is assumed to be 2mm.Summary and ComparisonThank you!